Resumo Apresentamos caso inédito de volumoso timoma ectópico em adulto jovem. Homem de 33 anos de idade, encaminhado com tosse seca e febre diária havia 10 dias. Durante investigação observou-se alargamento mediastinal sem comprometimento pulmonar. Um tumor mediastinal medioposterior, medindo 14,8 × 10,8 × 8,4 cm, foi diagnosticado após tomografia computadorizada e biópsia videotoracoscópica. A imuno-histoquímica revelou timoma misto AB1. Devido à íntima relação com estruturas nobres e grandes proporções, optou-se pela quimioterapia.

Abstract We report an unprecedented case of ectopic thymoma in a young adult. A 33-year-old male presented with a 10-day history of non-productive cough and fever. Investigation revealed mediastinal widening without pulmonary involvement. Computed tomography showed a large mass-14.8 × 10.8 × 8.4 cm-in the mid-posterior mediastinum, and a biopsy obtained by video-assisted thoracoscopy indicated that the mass was a tumor. Immunohistochemistry showed combined thymoma type AB1. Because of the considerable proportions of the tumor and its close proximity to major structures, the patient was treated with chemotherapy.

Introduction In this study, we investigated radiological changes in the sigmoid colon in chagasic patients by comparing their colon lengths and caliber with those of non-chagasic living in the same region and non-chagasic living at high altitudes. Methods A total of 317 individuals were evaluated using clinical, serological and radiological methods and divided into three groups: 1) one hundred and nine non-chagasic individuals from Uberaba, Brazil; 2) sixty-one non-chagasic from Puno, Peru; 3) one hundred forty-seven chagasics examined in Uberaba, being 62 without megacolon (3A), 72 with megacolon (3B) and 13 with doubtful diagnosis of megacolon (3C). Results In group 2, the sigmoid colon had a significantly larger caliber (p=0.001) and the rectosigmoid colon was longer (p<0.001) than group 1. In subgroup 3A, the sigmoid colon (p<0.001) and rectum (p<0.001) had a significantly larger caliber and the rectosigmoid was longer (p<0.001) than that of the non-chagasic individuals. In subgroup 3B, the rectosigmoid was longer in all patients, and the caliber of the sigmoid was significantly larger than that of subjects in subgroups 3A and 3C (p<0.001). Conclusions Morphometric analysis confirms that Chagas disease may increase the caliber and length of the rectosigmoid. Our results suggest that altitude, ethnicity and diet may have influenced the size and length of the rectosigmoid of andean patients.

A síndrome da veia cava superior é definida por um conjunto de sinais e sintomas secundários a uma obstrução da veia cava superior, causada principalmente por neoplasias malignas. Este relato de caso demonstra uma manifestação clínica incomum dessa síndrome, o edema bilateral das mamas, e destaca a importância do conhecimento dos sinais mamográficos de doenças sistêmicas.

Superior vena cava syndrome is defined by a set of signs and symptoms secondary to superior vena cava obstruction caused principally by malignant diseases. The present report describes the case of an unusual clinical manifestation of this syndrome with bilateral breast swelling, and emphasizes the relevance of knowledge on mammographic signs of systemic diseases.

Costela intratorácica é definida como uma anomalia congênita rara, possivelmente causada por uma fusão incompleta dos processos cefálico e caudal dos esclerótomos durante a embriogênese. Frequentemente é achado incidental, porém, pode estar associada a malformações vertebrais e a alguns sintomas como dor torácica. O quadro apresentado é de costela intratorácica à esquerda, associada a malformação vertebral, com quadro clínico inespecífico.

Intrathoracic rib is defined as a rare congenital anomaly, possibly caused by an incomplete fusion of cephalic and caudal processes of sclerotomes during embryogenesis. Frequently, such abnormality is incidentally found, but may be associated with vertebral malformation and some symptoms such as chest pain. The authors report the case of a patient with left-sided intrathoracic rib in association with vertebral malformation, with a non-specific clinical picture.

Relata-se caso de adiaspiromicose causando infiltrado pulmonar retículo-nodular difuso e bilateral, em lavrador de 26 anos. O diagnóstico etiológico foi estabelecido através de biópsia por toracoscopia. Tratado com cetoconazol, o paciente evoluiu bem, retornando às atividades profissionais um mês após a alta.

A case of thoracoscopic lung biopsy proven diffuse human adiaspiromycosis is reported. The patient, a 26-year-old male farm worker presented with a three-week history of fever, sweating, dyspnea and unproductive cough. Radiographic findings were those of granulomatous pulmonary intersticial disease. Treated with ketoconazole he improved very well, reassuming work normal activities a month later.

Dentre 1708 necrópsias de chagásicos crônicos, de um total de 4690, diagnosticamos 273 megas. Destes o mais freqüente foi o megacólon, seguido pelo megaesôfago, ocupando a associação megacólon e megaesôfago o terceiro lugar. Discutem-se e comparam-se os achados com outros de ordem clinico-epidemiológica e anatomopatológica. Confirmando dados da literatura, nossos achados atuais mostram, que a exemplo do que sucede na cardiopatia chagásica, o megacólon e o megaesôfago predominam no sexo masculino, discutindo-se os fatores que poderiam explicar a razão desse fato.

One thousand seven hundred and eight chronic chagasic post-mortem examinations studied from a total of4690 autopsies perfomed at our Institution. Two hundred and seventy-three chagasic had megas. Megacolon was the most frequent, followed by megaesophagus. Megacolon associated with megaesophagus was, the third mostcommom finding. Our data are discussed and compared with the literature. Megacolon and megaesophagus were more prevalent in man, as shown by other workers. Higher parasitemia perhaps could explain this finding.