Abstract Background: Previous systematic reviews have identified no benefit of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. After publication of these reviews, the results of COPE, the largest randomized trial conducted to date, became available. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to placebo or standard of care. Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov complemented by manual search. Pairwise meta-analyses, risk of bias, and evidence certainty assessments were conducted, including optimal information size analysis (OIS). A level of significance of 0.05 was adopted in the meta-analysis. PROSPERO: CRD42021265427. Results: Eight RCTs with 3,219 participants were included. COVID-19 hospitalization and any adverse events rates were not significantly different between hydroxychloroquine (5.6% and 35.1%) and control (7.4% and 20.4%) (risk ratio, RR, 0.77, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.57-1.04, I2: 0%; RR 1.78, 95%-CI 0.90; 3.52, I2: 93%, respectively). The OIS (7,880) was not reached for COVID-19 hospitalization, independently of the simulation for anticipated event rate and RR reduction estimate. Conclusion: Evidence of very low certainty showed lack of benefit with hydroxychloroquine in preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations. Despite being the systematic review with the largest number of participants included, the OIS, considering pre-vaccination response to infection, has not yet been reached.

Resumo Fundamento: Revisões sistemáticas anteriores não identificaram benefício do uso da hidroxicloroquina ou da cloroquina em pacientes com COVID-19 não hospitalizados. Após a publicação dessas revisões, os resultados do COPE, o maior ensaio clínico randomizado até hoje, tornaram-se disponíveis. Objetivos: Conduzir uma revisão sistemática e metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) para sintetizar as evidências sobre a eficácia e a segurança da hidroxicloroquina e da cloroquina em pacientes com COVID-19 não hospitalizados em comparação a controle ou tratamento padrão. Métodos: As buscas foram conduzidas nos bancos de dados PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library e ClinicalTrials.gov, e complementadas por busca manual. Foram realizadas metanálises diretas e avaliações de risco de viés e certeza da evidência, incluindo análise do tamanho ótimo da informação (OIS, optimal information size). Um nível de significância de 0,05 foi adotado na metanálise. PROSPERO: CRD42021265427. Resultados: Oito ECRs com 3219 participantes foram incluídos. As taxas de internação por COVID-19 e de eventos adversos não foram significativamente diferentes entre hidroxicloroquina (5,6% e 5,1%) e controle (7,4% e 20,4%) [risco relativo (RR) 0,77, intervalo de confiança 95% (IC95%), 0,57-1,04, I2: 0%; RR 1,78, IC95% 0,90; 3,52, I2: 93%, respectivamente)]. O OIS (7880) não foi alcançado para hospitalização por COVID-19, independentemente da simulação para a taxa de evento e redução do RR estimados. Conclusão: A evidência de muito baixa qualidade indicou falta de benefício com hidroxicloroquina em prevenir internações por COVID-19. Apesar de ser a revisão sistemática com o maior número de participantes incluídos, o OIS, considerando a resposta à infecção anterior à vacinação, não foi atingido.

Abstract The consumption of food containing significant amounts of aluminum has been the focus of discussions related to health. Aluminum is distributed in nature and may be naturally present in raw materials or added to food as a result of activities or modification processes along the food production chain. This exploratory and descriptive research identified possible sources of aluminum in food, in general, and particularly in the wheat chain and its derivatives, which comprise an important class in the food chain and ordinary consumption in many cultures. Even though total aluminum values have been found in food, in general, and particularly in wheat derivatives, information about their origins is still incipient. The total content of this metal in the food may be the result of a sum of sources. For wheat and its derivatives, the potential origins are among environmental factors, such as soil and water, and even operational procedures, such as the use of food additives and chemical compounds for the control of stored grain pests. Despite these considerations, the actual contributions of each source are still purely speculative, since although aluminum contents have been quantified in most studies, their sources were impartially explored and clarified. health general derivatives cultures incipient factors water procedures pests considerations speculative studies clarified

ABSTRACT: Excess sodium in foods is one of the factors in chronic non-communicable diseases whose importance is on the rise. Thus, the aim of this study was to optimize a replacement for sodium in an appetizer-type Mignon cracker on an industrial scale. For this, a mixture design consisting of seven formulations were prepared with sodium replacement ranging between 30 and 60 %. The partial sodium replacement used industrial ingredients (Nutek Salt and PuraQ NA4, and modified KCl and flavor), to assess the impact on sodium content and texture (hardness). No significant differences were found in the hardness attribute. Sodium reduction ranged from 943.43 to 637.21 mg 100 g–1, and formulation 7 (F7) with 60 % replacement could cash in on the “Reduced in sodium” appeal. A sensory Quantitative Descriptive Analysis accessed the sensory profiles of formulations, and significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) in salty taste, sweet taste, bread aroma, and formulation 4 (40 % replacement) but were not significantly different from the formulation in salty taste. In PCA, the first main component showed variability between samples of 84.6 %, while the second axis explained 11.5 % of this variability. Acceptance (taste and overall quality) and purchase intention (above > 70 %) showed that the substitution did not affect consumers’ perceptions, with no significant difference between controls, F4 and F7.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate different binding agents for the preparation of salty cereal bars and to characterize them regarding their physical and sensory parameters. Four formulations of cereal bars were developed using collagen, guar gum, xanthan gum and psyllium as binders, which were evaluated for instrumental color and texture. The results of the instrumental analysis revealed that the cereal bars presented characteristic color and crispness for this type of product and the microbiological analyzes ensured food safety. Sensorially, the cereal bars showed good acceptability, especially the bars made with psyllium and xanthan gum binders in the parameters of appearance, texture, flavor and color. The different binders showed technological efficiency in the elaboration of salty cereal bars, but xanthan gum and psyllium were the ones that best corresponded to the expected attributes.

ABSTRACT: Sodium reduction and the substitution of sodium chloride by other salts have been extensively studied in order to produce healthier foods. Coppa is a pork cured product that receives high levels of sodium through the salting process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of reductions in Sodium Chloride (NaCl), substitution by Potassium Chloride (KCl) and reductions in the re-salting time on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics in pork coppa. Four treatments were applied: T1 with 2 days of salting, 2 days of re-salting and 35 % reduction of NaCl; T2 with 2 days of salting and 3 days of re-salting and 35 % reduction of NaCl; T3 with 2 days of salting and 2 days of re-salting and replacing 35 % of NaCl by KCl; T4 with 2 days of salting and 3 days of re-salting and 35 % replacing NaCl by KCl. Control: standard treatment was applied with 100 % of NaCL and salting time was 2 days and then 5 days to re-salting. The reduction in sodium content in processed pork Coppa produced no microbiological nor physicochemical changes. The reduction in salting together with salting and re-salting time and the partial replacement of NaCl by KCl resulted in reductions from 2,000 mg to 1,600 mg of sodium. Sensory evaluation demonstrated that the reduction in re-salting time was efficient using the ideal profile method which showed that treatments T1 and T2 were efficient in creating a product that meets consumer expectations.

Abstract Yellow Araçá (Psidium cattleyanum cv. Ya-cy) is a Brazilian native fruit that can be consumed fresh or turned into food products. However, distribution and consumption of fresh fruits are still limited due to faulty post-harvest handling. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and functional potential of fresh Yellow Araçá fruit, turned into flour, in formulations of cereal bars. Ripe fruits preserved higher nutritional and functional indexes, presenting high antioxidant potential. As observed during the sensory analysis, addition up to 20% of fruit flour into the cereal bar was well accepted by the consumers. The cereal bar showed significant levels of omega-6 (n-6) and omega-9 (n-9), and minerals nutrients such as iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc. Significant levels of phenolic compounds and low levels of sodium and saturated fatty, free from trans fatty acids, were also observed. The cereal bar presented high amount of crude fiber content, indicating a high potential for use as a functional food.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to process jabuticaba skin aqueous extract, varying the crushing and sieving time and to develop ice cream with different concentrations of jabuticaba skin extract, evaluate its physicochemical, microbiological and bioactive composition. Different extractive processes of jabuticaba skin were tested. Extract A was crushed for 25 seconds and sieved, extract B was crushed for 25 seconds without sieving, extract C was crushed for 45 seconds and sieved and extract D was crushed during 45 seconds not sifted. From the extract that presented the highest indices of bioactive compounds, formulations of ice cream with concentrations of 5, 10 and 15% were elaborated. Extract B showed the highest content of phenolic compounds (201.81 mg gallic acid. 100 g-1 skins), anthocyanins (60.32 mg cyanidin-3 glycoside.100 g-1 peels) and significant antioxidant activity (5047.72 g skins. g-1 DPPH) and was chosen to be added in the ice cream. The evaluated ice creams met the microbiological standards established by the Brazilian legislation. The use of progressive concentrations of jabuticaba skin extract in the elaboration of ice cream increased the rates of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The values found were significant and generated an alternative use for jabuticaba skin, which is normally discarded.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue elaborar extractos acuosos de piel de jabuticaba, variando el tiempo de trituración y cribado. Además de desarrollar helados con diferentes concentraciones de extracto de piel de jabuticaba, evaluando su composición físico-química, microbiológica y de compuestos bioactivos. Se analizaron diferentes procesos de elaboración de extractos de cáscara de jabuticaba, siendo denominados extracto A - triturado durante 25 segundos y tamizado, extracto B - triturado durante 25 segundos no tamizado, extracto C - triturado durante 45 segundos y tamizado y extracto D - triturado durante 45 segundos sin cribado. A partir del extracto que presentó los índices más elevados de compuestos bioactivos, se elaboraron formulaciones de helado con concentraciones de 5, 10 y 15%. El extracto B fue el que presentó mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos (201,81 mg ácido gálico. 100 g-1 piel), antocianinas (60,32 mg cyanidina-3 glycosideo.100 g-1 piels) y significativa actividad antioxidante (5047,72 g piels. g-1DPPH) siendo el elegido para ser añadido en el helado. Los helados evaluados se encuentran dentro de los patrones microbiológicos estabelecidos por la legislación brasileña. La utilización de concentraciones progresivas de extracto de piel de jabuticaba en la elaboración de helado incrementó los índices de compuestos fenólicos y de capacidad antioxidante. Los valores encontrados son significativos y genera una alternativa en el aprovechamiento de la piel de jabuticaba, normalmente descartada.

Abstract The β-Glucans content has straight influence on the quality of malt and beer, mainly during the filtration step. Barley presenting high β-Glucan content demands longer germination time at malting. The application of commercial β-Glucanase is an alternative to accelerate the process and preserve the quality of malt. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of commercial β-Glucanase addition in malt produced within reduced germination time (64 h). Micro-malting was conducted with BRS-Caue and Elis barley cultivars at germination time 64 h and 96 h. The β-Glucanase concentration applied were 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg.kg-1. Barley, malt and wort samples were analyzed to check their physical-chemical features. Beers were produced with BRS-Caue malt and the physical-chemical and sensory attributes were analyzed. The commercial enzyme addition in BRS-Caue and Elis (64 h), at concentration 25 and 50 mg.kg-1, resulted in wort presenting proper β-Glucan content (≤ 178 mg.L-1). The beer produced with malt germinated for 64 h and added with 50 mg.kg-1 of β-glucanase was the one showing the largest number of physical-chemical and sensory parameters similar to the beer made with malt germinated for 96 h (conventional process). Commercial β-glucanase application in malt allowed accelerating the malting process without affecting the quality of the malt for beer production.

Abstract Jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora) is a Brazilian native fruit which can be consumed in natura form, and also as processed food. The skin has a significant biological nutritional potential. The present study aimed to evaluate the bioactive compounds of the jaboticaba skin and of the jaboticaba skin flour (JSF), and its application in cookie. Physicochemical analyses to determine the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (TEAC and FRAP) of jaboticaba skin and JSF were performed. Skin presented high content of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids and condensed tannins, strengthening that this composition exhibited considerable levels of antioxidant activity. The JSF presented considerable carbohydrate contents, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, besides being a source of fibers. The cookies were prepared by replacing 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% of the total amount of whole wheat flour in the recipe by JSF. The formulations presented positive increases of bioactive compounds, contributing with the potential of antioxidant activity. All formulations were well accepted in the sensory evaluation.

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to assess the nutritional and lipid quality of salty cereal bars preparedusing different binding agents. The experiment consisted of preparing four cereal formulations with four different binding agents (collagen, guar gum, xanthan gum and psyllium). The physicochemical characteristics and main minerals of the bars were assessed to determine the nutritional value, atherogenic index and thrombogenic index. The ratios between hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids were determined to assess the lipid quality of the product. The results show that the bars have considerable lipid content, carbohydrates, protein, fiber and energetic value. The atherogenicindexindex, thrombogenic index, and ratios between hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids for all the formulations had good lipid quality, which indicates that the bars are a healthy food alternative.

RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo por objetivo elaborar barras de cereales saladas, utilizando diferentes agentes de unión y evaluar su calidad nutricional y lipídica. Para ello se elaboraron cuatro formulaciones de barras de cereales alterando solamente los agentes de unión (colágeno, gomaguar, goma xantana y psyllium). En las barras de cereales desarrolladas se evaluó las características físico-químicas y principales minerales para determinar el valor nutricional y los índices de aterogenicidad (IA), trombogenicidad (IT) así como las razones entre ácidos grasos hipocolesterolémicos e hipercolesterolémicos (HH) para verificar la calidad lipídica del producto. Las barras desarrolladas presentaron considerables contenidos de lípidos, carbohidratos, proteína, fibras y valor energético. El perfil de ácidos grasos así como los índices de aterogenicidad (IA), trombogenicidad (IT) y razones entre los ácidos hipocolesterolémicos e hipercolesterolémicos (HH) mostraron para todas las formulaciones una buena calidad lipídica indicando una alternativa de alimento sano y diferenciado.

A perda de qualidade em pêssegos, após a colheita, está associada às alterações indesejáveis no metabolismo, aos danos mecânicos, à redução da firmeza de polpa, às desordens fisiológicas e às podridões. Em pêssegos do cultivar Granada, a ocorrência de podridões é a principal causa de perdas pós-colheita. Para amenizar esse problema, estudou-se o manejo na pós-colheita, avaliando-se as características e a vida útil dos frutos, através de dois experimentos: 1) colheita e resfriamento prévio ao transporte refrigerado em caminhão com carroçeria baú e simulação de comercialização à temperatura de 23±2°C e UR de 75%±5%, e 2) colheita, resfriamento e armazenamento refrigerado por 15 dias, seguido de classificação em equipamentos que deslocam os frutos, com ou sem o auxílio de água, com ou sem aplicação de cera. Na seqüência, os frutos foram transportados sob refrigeração e submetidos à simulação de comercialização nas mesmas condições do primeiro experimento. A vida de prateleira, nos dois experimentos, foi estudada através da quantificação de frutos com podridão e da aavaliação da coloração, da firmeza da polpa e da análise sensorial, com tratamento estatístico dos resultados. Os menores percentuais de frutos com podridão foram observados em pêssegos resfriados em câmara fria, seguido de transporte refrigerado e simulação de comercialização, contrapondo-se aos frutos não-resfriados previamente ao transporte refrigerado. Referente à classificação, após o armazenamento refrigerado (AR), verificou-se que o equipamento de classificação com água, em comparação com a classificação em equipamento sem água, favorece o aumento de podridão, caso a comercialização exceda três dias após o transporte refrigerado. A aplicação de cera na classificação, em equipamento sem água, melhora a aparência dos frutos e contribui para a prevenção de podridão.

The loss of quality in peach after harvest is associated with metabolic changes, wounding, loss of pulp firmness, physiological disorders and decay. In the Granada cultivar, decay is the most important determinant of storage-life. Aiming to prevent this problem, different procedures of postharvest handling were tested in two experiments: 1) harvest, pre-cooling, cooled transportation and storage at 23±2°C and 75%±5% relative humidity (RH), 2) harvest, pre-cooling, cold storage for 15 days, classification in equipment with or without water to transport the fruit, with or without application of wax coating on fruit, cooled transportation, and storage at 23±2°C and 60-75% RH. In both experiments, we evaluated: fruit decay, colour, pulp firmness and general acceptability. Decay was lower in pre-cooled peach than in not pre-cooled peach before cooled transportation. The classification, in equipment with water, favoured decay occurrence, in comparison to the classification in equipment without water, if the shelf life exceeds three days. The wax treatment in equipment without water improved the appearance of the fruit and contributed to prevent decay.

Com o objetivo de ampliar o período de conservação e de comercialização do caqui 'Fuyu', foram testadas alternativas para a manutenção da qualidade dos frutos. Realizaram-se três experimentos: 1) os frutos foram armazenados na temperatura de 18 ± 3°C e UR de 80 ± 5%, como ou sem aplicação de 1-MCP, avaliados na colheita aos 7 e aos 14 dias; 2) os frutos foram conservados na temperatura de 0 ± 1,0°C e UR de 95 ± 5%, com ou sem aplicação de 1-MCP, avaliados na colheita e aos 45 + 3 dias de comercialização simulada, e 3) os frutos foram armazenados em atmosfera modificada (AM) com filmes de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) de 80µm de espessura e em temperatura de 0 ± 1,0°C e UR de 95 ± 5%, com ou sem aplicação de 1-MCP, avaliados na colheita, aos 48 + 4 dias e aos 48 + 10 dias de comercialização simulada (CS) na temperatura de 18°C. A concentração de 1-MCP utilizada nos tratamentos específicos foi de 500ppb/2h. As principais análises realizadas compreenderam: firmeza da polpa (FP), cor e escurecimento de epiderme (EE). Os caquis do experimento 2 perderam a qualidade de comercialização antes de alcançarem os 30 dias de estocagem. O uso de AM associada à refrigeração manteve frutos com FP acima de 40 N, além de prevenir a ocorrência de EE, após 48 dias de armazenamento mais 10 dias de CS. A obtenção destes índices proporcionou a manutenção da qualidade dos caquis por 48 dias de câmara mais 10 dias de CS no ar ambiente (18°C).

With the objective of to extend the conservation period and commercialization of the 'Fuyu' persimmon fruit, alternatives to mantain fruits quality were tested. Tree experiments were accomplished to develop the work: 1) storage at the ambient temperature (AT): Temperature (T) of 18 ± 3°C and relative humidity (RH) of 80 ± 5%, with or without application of 1-MCP and evaluated in the crop, at 7 and 14 days; 2): cold storaged (CS): T of 0 ± 1,0°C and RH of 95 ± 5%, with or without application of 1-MCP, appraised in the crop and 45 + 3 days of simulated commercialization; and 3) CS and modified atmosphere (MA) with films of polyethylene of low density (PELD) with 80mm of thickness: T of 0 ± 1,0°C and RH of 95 ± 5%, with or without application of 1-MCP, appraised in the crop, 48 of CS and 10 days of simulated commercialization. The concentration of 1-MCP used in the specific treatments was of 500ppb/2h. The main physiochemical analyses accomplished were: pulp firmness (PF), color and epidermis browning (EB). The persimmon fruits of the experiment 2, maintained in CS, lost the commercialization quality before reaching 30 days of storage. The use of MA associated to CS, maintained the fruits with PF above 40 N, besides preventing the occurrence of EB. The yielded results showed that the maintenance of persimmon fruits quality can be kept for 48 days at CS and more 10 days of simulated commercialization at the environment temperature.

No presente trabalho, avaliou-se a influência da embalagem de PEBD e da adsorção de etileno, em caquis 'Fuyu', na manutenção da qualidade comercial e na vida útil pós-colheita dos frutos, em 2 safras experimentais (1999-2000 e 2000-2001). Os frutos foram colhidos no estádio de maturação amarelo-alaranjado, na empresa KIWIS'TRIN Ltda - Farroupilha-RS, limpos, selecionados, pré-resfriados e acondicionados em embalagens de PEBD, com ou sem a adsorção de etileno. Na safra de 1999-2000, os frutos foram armazenados a granel, em embalagens de PEBD de 22 µm, com capacidade para 12 e 40 frutos, e de 33 µm, com capacidade para 12 frutos, sendo que metade das embalagens possuía o sachê adsorvedor. No laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, da UFPel/DCTA, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: Firmeza de polpa, sólidos solúveis totais (SST) e acidez total titulável (ATT). Verificou-se que os frutos embalados em PEBD de 22 µm, com capacidade para 12 frutos, com e sem o sachê de adsorção, apresentaram maior firmeza de polpa, menores teores de sólidos solúveis totais e maiores níveis de acidez total titulável, sugerindo atraso na maturação. Na safra de 2000-2001, foram testados o armazenamento a granel e o armazenamento em embalagens de PEBD de 22 µm, com capacidade para 12; 18 e 24 frutos, com e sem a utilização de sachê. Observou-se que os frutos acondicionados nas embalagens de 22 µm de espessura para 12 frutos, com o sistema de adsorção de etileno, apresentaram maturação mais lenta, com excelente manutenção da qualidade organoléptica.

It was tested the utilization of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) packages and the use of ethylene adsorber, of persimmons cv. 'Fuyu', with the objective of improving commercial quality and the shelf-life of the fruits, in 2 experimental seasons (1999/2000 e 2000/2001). The fruits were harvested at the yellow-orange ripening stage in the company KIWIS'TRIN Ltda, in Farroupilha/RS, cleaned, selected, pre-refrigerated and packed in LDPE packages with and without ethylene adsorption. In the season 1999/2000 the fruits were stored without packaging, in LDPE packages of 22 µm with capacity for 12 and 40 fruits, and of 33 µm with capacity for 12 fruits, since half of the packages had the ethylene adsorber sachet. At the laboratory of Biotechnology of Food of UFPel/DCTA it was evaluated the following variables: pulp firmness, total soluble solid (TSS) and total titratable acidity (TTA). It was found that the fruits packed in LDPE of 22 µm with capacity for 12 fruits with and without adsorption sachet demonstrated higher pulp firmness, lower contents of total soluble solids and higher levels of total titratable acidity, suggesting a ripening delay. In the season 2000/2001 it was tested the storage without packaging, in packages of 22 µm with capacity for 12, 18 and 24 fruits, with and without the utilization of sachet. It was noticed that the fruits packed in packages having a thickness of 22 µm for 12 fruits, with the system of ethylene adsorption, demonstrated slower ripening and excellent maintenance of organoleptic quality.

Estudou-se a produtividade e a qualidade da uva, cv. Isabel, produzida em dois sistemas de produção, convencional e alternativo. O sistema convencional corresponde àquele empregado pela maioria dos produtores dessa cultivar, que consiste no controle de plantas concorrentes com o emprego de capinas e/ou herbicidas e no controle de doenças com fungicidas sintéticos orgânicos e não orgânicos. O sistema alternativo corresponde àquele onde se manteve a cobertura do solo e se inseriu a aveia como complemento, e o controle de doenças foi feito apenas com o emprego de calda bordalesa. Essas práticas foram realizadas desde 1998 e, nas safras 2001-2002 e 2002-2003, avaliaram-se a produtividade e a qualidade da uva produzida nos dois sistemas. Pelos resultados, observou-se que a produtividade e a qualidade da uva são mais afetadas pelas condições climáticas de safra do que pelo sistema de produção, indicando que o sistema de produção alternativo, onde se empregou menor número de pulverizações, não se usou herbicida, nem fungicida orgânico sintético, tem elevado potencial de adoção para essa cultivar.

Vineyards of Vitis labrusca, cv. Isabel, were evaluated for yield and grape quality in two different cultivation systems: conventional and alternative. In the conventional cultivation system diseases and plant weeds are controlled by synthetic organic fungicides and herbicides, respectively. In the alternative system, diseases and plant weeds are controlled by cupric solution and oat mulching, respectively. The two production systems have been under general evaluation since 1998. In 2002 and 2003 the vineyards were evaluated in terms of yield and grape quality and none differences were found between cultivation systems despite the evident impact of climatic conditions. It suggests that the alternative system, where was used less aplications, it wasn't used herbicide and fungicidal organic synthetic, has a potential to be adopted for this cultivar.

Neste trabalho avaliou-se, em kiwis da cv Bruno, a ação do 1-Metilciclopropeno (1-MCP), na concentração de 625 ppb, associado ou não à atmosfera modificada gerada com o emprego de embalagem de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD), de 22µm. Os tratamentos testados foram: T1, controle (sem embalagem e 1-MCP); T2, sem embalagem com 1-MCP; T3, com embalagem de PEBD sem 1-MCP; T4, embalagem de PEBD mais o 1-MCP, sendo após armazenados em câmara fria a - 0,5 ± 0,5 ºC e 95 ± 5% de umidade relativa (U.R.). As avaliações foram realizadas após o pré-resfriamento, aos 45 dias, 45 + 5 dias (22 ± 3ºC e 75 ± 5% de U.R.), 90 dias e 90 + 5 dias (22 ± 3ºC e 75 ± 5% de U.R.). As variáveis analisadas foram: firmeza de polpa (FP), sólidos totais (ST), acidez titulável (AT), concentração de etileno e de CO2 e análise sensorial (somente ao final do experimento). A maior firmeza de polpa e acidez titulável, o menor conteúdo de sólidos totais, as menores concentrações de etileno e CO2 e a melhor aceitabilidade pelos julgadores foi obtida com os frutos acondicionadas em PEBD de 22 µm e tratadas com 1-MCP.

In this work was evaluated, for kiwis cv. Bruno, the Methylcyclopropene action (1-MCP), in concentration of 625 ppb, associated or not with modified atmosphere (MA) using low density polyethylene bags (LDPE) of 22µm. The following treatments were tested: T1: control (no bags and 1-MCP); T2 no bags with 1-MCP; T3 LDPE bags no 1-MCP; T4 LDPE bags and 1-MCP, then they were stored in cold chamber at - 0,5 ± 0,5 ºC and 95 ± 5% of RH for 45 or 90 days. The fruits were evaluated after pre-cooling, 45 days, 45 + 5 days (22 ± 3ºC and 75 ± 5% of RH.), 90 days and 90 + 5 days (22 ± 3ºC and 75 ± 5% of RH.). The parameters analyzed were: pulp firmness (PF), total solids (TS), titritable acidity (TA), ethylene and CO2 concentration, and sensorial analyzes (only in the end of the experiment). The largest pulp firmness and titritable acidity, the smaller content of total soluble, the smaller concentration of ethylene and CO2 and the better acceptability for the taste panel was obtained with the fruits stored in LDPE of 22 µm and treated with 1-MCP.