Children with congenital dental manifestations may have to endure challenges due to their abnormal tooth development, altered skeletal growth, compromised masticatory and speech function and poor aesthetics. This may further lead to psychosocial problems. These children may have deficient ridge height and volume in edentulous areas, missing teeth, malformed or malpositioned teeth and often the added complication of xerostomia. These anomalies complicate conventional treatment and have led clinicians to consider alternative restorative treatment options. Recent literature suggests that osseointegrated implant therapy may be a viable option for children with congenital dental defects. However, studies are scarce, with no standardisation of success or survival criteria, and little long-term follow-up results. This paper explores the various restorative options and highlights the need for a multidisciplinary team approach.

Abstract Lentinula edodes (L. edodes), which imparts various health benefits to humans, is considered a novel source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF). In this study, ultrasonic-assisted hot-water method was used to extract SDF (U-SDF) from L. edodes, and physicochemical, antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of the U-SDF were investigated. Physicochemical properties of U-SDF showed that water solubility, water holding capacity, swelling capacity, and oil holding capacity were higher than that the SDF extracted using hot water method without ultrasonication. The DPPH, •OH, and •O2- radical clearance rates indicated that U-SDF exhibited better antioxidant activities. U-SDF also exhibited notable α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. Treatment with U-SDF alleviated glucose and peroxidation metabolism disorders in vivo. Histological analysis indicated that U-SDF improved the oxidative tissue damage in diabetic mice. These results provided a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of SDF derived from L. edodes.

Abstract Water fennel is vulnerable to a loss in quality during storage. To improve postharvest quality, fresh-cut water fennel was treated with 37.04 mg m-3 ozone for 15 minutes every 5 days, and then stored at 5 °C for 20 days, and the related quality and antioxidant capacity indexes were determined. The results showed that compared with the control group, the ozone-treated water fennel had better sensory quality, color (L*, a*, ΔE, Chroma ) and firmness after 20 days of storage, and the weight loss decreased by 47%, malondialdehyde content decreased by 41%, soluble solids content decreased by 20%.The ozone treatment also effectively inhibited the increase of respiratory rate and phenolic substances during storage of fresh-cut water fennel. Meanwhile, ozone treatment maintained the content of ascorbic acid, inhibited the activity of polyphenol oxidase and induced an increase of peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, but reduced the content of reduced glutathione. Water fennel after ozone treatment maintained the appearance, texture characteristics and high commercial value during storage. Therefore, ozone treatment may be used as an effective preservation technology for postharvest storage and circulation of water fennel.

What does the Texan sharpshooter, the World War 2 American air force, The Taj Mahal, cherry farming, and dentistry have in common? They have all been the subject of Survivorship bias. This paper will discuss the concept of survivorship bias in research by using examples of flaws in study designs or interpretation of data. It aims to serve as a caution to practitioners of the need to be aware and critical when reading literature and manufacturers' reports before making decisions regarding materials choices and treatment protocols to follow.

Abstract To investigate the drug resistance and molecular mechanism of carbapenem and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli(E.Coli) isolated from elderly patients and provide theoretical foundation for clinical anti-infective therapy. 1028 strains of E.coli isolated from our hospital were collected. Agar dilution method was used to screen E. coli resistant to carbapenem and colistin antibiotics. Broth microdilution method was performed to confirm drug susceptibility and detect susceptibility to 9 commonly used clinical antibiotics. Carbapenem and colistin resistant genes carried by the strains were detected by PCR; Strain ST type was detected by the MLST typing method. Four samples of carbapenem and colistin-resistant E.coli were obtained by drug sensitivity test, and all four strains were isolated from elderly patients. It is a multi-drug resistant phenotype resistant to quinolones, cephalosporins, carbapenem and colistin; PCR detection found that DC632 and DC796 carry blaNDM-1 and mcr-1, DC721 and DC838 carry blaTEM-1 and mcr-1; MLST typing detection found that DC632 and DC721 were ST2 type, DC796 and DC838 were ST44 and ST31, respectively. In conclusion, Four strains of carbapenem- and colistin-resistant E.coli were isolated in this study. Although the isolation rate is low, it is still necessary to raise the awareness of clinicians on the rational use of antibiotics.

Abstract Oridonin, a terpenoid with various biological functions, has limited uses in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries owing to its low water solubility. Previous studies have used cyclodextrin inclusion to improve its solubility. Herein, the effects of different cyclodextrins on the inclusion of oridonin were investigated using phase solubility and molecular docking tests. The binding constants of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, and γ-cyclodextrin with oridonin were 22.6, 298.6, and 317.4, respectively. The corresponding binding energies were -6.49, -6.76, and -7.53 kcal/mol, respectively, suggesting that the interaction between γ-cyclodextrin and oridonin was the strongest, thereby improving the solubility of oridonin to the greatest extent. Further experiments indicated that no new unsaturated bonds formed after oridonin complexed with γ-cyclodextrin. In addition, the complexation of oridonin with γ-cyclodextrin, led to its complete dispersal in an amorphous state that was thermally stable. This study promotes the application of oridonin in food and medicines.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different exogenous protease and carbohydrase in broiler diets on the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of soybean meals (SBM) in two Brazilian regions (Minas Gerais-MG and Rio Grande do Sul-RS). The total excreta collection of 528 14-d-old chicks was used to determine AMEn in a completely randomized design in a 2 (SBM MG and RS) x 5 (enzyme A, B, C, D and basal diet) + 1 (reference diet, RD) factorial arrangement, totaling 11 treatments, 8 repetitions, and 6 birds per experimental unit. Two experimental treatments (T1 and T6) without enzyme supplementation formulated with SBM MG and RS were used as negative control (NC). The RD without the inclusion of SBM MG and RS was used to correct the nitrogen balance. To determine the SIAAD, ileal content was collected from of broilers and the same experimental design and treatments of the previous trial were used except for the RD, which was replaced with a nitrogen-free diet (NFD) to quantify the excretion of endogenous amino acids. Soybean meal from MG showed the highest levels (p<0.05) of AME and AMEn (3,188 kcal/kg and 2,700 kcal/kg, respectively) in comparison to SBM RS (3,121 kcal/kg and 2,549 kcal/kg, respectively) and, when supplemented with the exogenous enzyme C, also improved the SIAAD (p<0.05), as compared to other enzymes.

Abstract With sodium trimetaphosphate as cross-linking agent, the cross-linked tigernut starch (CLTS) was prepared in this study. The effects of cross-linking on the structure and physicochemical properties of tigernut starch were also investigated. FT-IR analysis confirmed the formation of CLTS. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) results suggested that cross-linking not only retained the crystallization type of starch (C-type), but also enhanced the crystallinity. Compared with the native tigernut starch (NTS), CLTS had lower solubility and swelling power, the better syneresis and freeze-thaw stability. It was more prone to settlement. The pasting temperature and peak viscosity of CLTS were superior to those of NTS. It was easier to regenerate at low temperature, and its thermal stability was also significantly improved. Our results provide a reference for the in-depth development of tigernut starch.

ABSTRACT As one of the main gas fields in Chinese West-East Gas Transmission Project, cumulative gas production of Kela 2 Gas Field has been over 120 billion cubic meters since 2004. Each gas well has different gas production characteristics, water production, and pressure changes. Advanced water results in a serious non-homogeneous water invasion, and the actual gas production is much less than that in the development scheme. To further enhance the recovery of the Kela 2 Gas Field, productivity influencing factors of each gas pay interval are analyzed by using the production logging data based on geological characteristics. According to the change of the main gas pay and water production from production logging, gas wells are divided into four types, and three water invasion patterns in Kela 2 Gas Field. The causes of gas production changes and water production regime are analyzed for each type first, and then the main productivity influencing factors in gas wells are determined. The outcome shows that pressure drop, water breakthrough of gas pay layers, and different reservoir properties are the main productivity influencing factors. Through gas well classification of the Kela 2 Gas Field, the productivity influencing factors and productivity change regime are determined, which could provide grounds for further enhancing the recovery of the Kela 2 Gas Field.

RESUMEN Como uno de los principales campos de gas del Proyecto de Transmisión de Gas Oeste-Este de China, la producción acumulada de gas del campo de gas Kela 2 ha superado los 120 mil millones de metros cúbicos desde 2004. Cada pozo de gas muestra diferentes características de producción en la producción de gas, producción de agua y cambio de presión. El avance del agua por adelantado da como resultado una grave invasión de agua no homogénea, y la producción real de gas es mucho menor que la del plan de desarrollo. Para mejorar aún más la recuperación del campo de gas Kela 2, los factores que influyen en la productividad de cada intervalo productivo de gas se analizan utilizando los datos de registro de producción basados en las características geológicas de desarrollo. De acuerdo con el cambio de la producción principal de gas y agua a partir del registro de producción, los pozos de gas se dividen en cuatro tipos y tres patrones de invasión de agua en el campo de gas Kela 2. Las causas del cambio en la producción de gas y la ley de producción de agua se analizan primero para cada tipo y luego se determinan los principales factores que influyen en la productividad de los pozos de gas. Los resultados indican que la caída de presión, la penetración de agua en la capa productiva de gas y las diferentes propiedades del yacimiento son los principales factores que influyen en la productividad. A través de la clasificación de pozos de gas del campo de gas Kela 2, se determinan los factores que influyen en la productividad y la ley de cambio de productividad, lo que podría proporcionar una base para mejorar aún más la recuperación del campo de gas Kela 2.

RESUMEN Las lesiones pulpares y periodontales son las más prevalentes en la cavidad bucal y, tal vez por ello, son las causas más frecuentes de consulta odontológica en nuestro medio y en el mundo. Estas patologías tienen principalmente, etiología bacteriana y una flora polimicrobiana. Las estructuras anatómicas e histológicas de los tejidos periodontales y pulpares presentan interrelaciones, que deben considerarse en la etiopatología de sus procesos. El diagnóstico de las lesiones endoperiodontales no siempre se puede definir claramente, lo cual crea vacíos que dificultan el diagnóstico de las enfermedades pulpares y periodontales. El odontólogo debe estar preparado y entrenado para que le sea posible definir el diagnóstico diferencial de las dos enfermedades y brindar un tratamiento eficiente. Se reporta un caso clínico, donde el manejo del examen clínico, así como de la anatomía endoperiodontal, son decisivos para llegar al diagnóstico correcto y el tratamiento oportuno y adecuado.

ABSTRACT Pulp and periodontal lesions are the most prevalent in the oral cavity, and are the most frequent causes of dental consultation in our environment and in the world. These pathologies are mainly of bacterial etiology, with a polymicrobial flora. The anatomical and histological structures of the periodontal and pulp tissues present interrelationships that must be taken into account in the etiopathology of these processes. The diagnosis of endoperiodontal lesions is not always clearly defined, which constitutes certain gaps for the diagnosis. The dentist must be trained to perform the differential diagnosis of these two diseases and provide efficient treatment in our patients. A clinical case is reported, where the management of the clinical examination as well as the endoperiodontal anatomy is important to reach the correct diagnosis and its subsequent treatment.

Green tea is one of the main teas in China, which is unfermented and retains more natural substances of fresh tea leaves. This is the preliminary study of application of'fingerprints' based on differences in component composition of green tea. Five green teas from different areas in eastern China are analyzed, which are processed by microwave-assisted solvent (ethanol) extraction method to obtain tea polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, pigments (thearubigins, theaflavins, theabrownins). The results show that the component composition of five green teas are varied from each other; based on these contents varieties, we have constructed a 'fingerprint' and applied linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to assist in the identification of these five green teas. This method does not require large, expensive instruments (such as high performance liquid chromatograph, gas chromatograph, mass spectrometer, etc.), and is easy to use, which provides a new avenue for the identification of tea.

Abstract: Study design: This is a systematic literature review for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 with Orthopedic and Spine Surgery relevance. Objectives: It is to determine in Orthopedic surgery and Spine Surgery and it’s branches the new required safety protocols when attending patients with risk of infection, or transmission for COVID-19 and comorbidities in the outpatient and inpatient hospital setting. Methods: A systematic literature review. Results: Recent knowledge for this disease has changed the Virus affects ORF-8 protein of the Hemoglobin destroying B-Hemoglobin, and IDC (intravascular disseminated coagulation) is found to happen in many patients, together with it’s capsular capability to adhere to metallic and plastic surfaces, pneumonic pattern associated with ventilator use, and the relapse in some patients, changes the view, preventative measures and treatment of this disease. Publication of global statistics show that patients with hypertension tend to have a higher rate of suffering the disease. Some new measures are proposed. Conclusions: New care guidelines for COVID-19 patients are proposed based on the new research on SARS-CoV-2 clinical pathologic findings are necessary.

Resumen: Diseño del estudio: La presente es una revisión sistemática de la literatura de COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 con relevancia para la cirugía ortopédica y de columna. Objetivos: Determinar en cirugía ortopédica y cirugía de columna y ramificar los nuevos protocolos de seguridad requeridos cuando se atiende a pacientes con riesgo de infección o transmisión de COVID-19 y comorbilidades en el entorno hospitalario y ambulatorio. Métodos: Una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Resultados: El conocimiento reciente de esta enfermedad ha cambiado el virus que afecta a la proteína ORF-8 de la hemoglobina destruyendo la hemoglobina B y se ha descubierto que la IDC (coagulación diseminada intravascular) ocurre en muchos pacientes. Junto con su capacidad capsular para adherirse al metal y a las superficies plásticas, el patrón neumónico asociado con el uso del ventilador y la recaída en algunos pacientes cambia la visión, las medidas preventivas y el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. La publicación de estadísticas globales muestra que los pacientes con hipertensión tienden a tener mayor tasa de padecer la enfermedad. Se proponen algunas nuevas medidas. Conclusiones: Se proponen nuevas pautas de atención para pacientes con COVID-19 con base en la nueva investigación sobre los hallazgos patológicos clínicos de SARS-CoV-2.

In this study, we aimed to analyze the anti-cancer effects of β-elemene combined with paclitaxel for ovarian cancer. RT-qPCR, MTT assay, western blot, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer effects of combined treatment of β-elemene and paclitaxel. The in vitro results showed that β-elemene+paclitaxel treatment markedly inhibited ovarian cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion compared to either paclitaxel or β-elemene treatment alone. Results demonstrated that β-elemene+paclitaxel induced apoptosis of SKOV3 cells, down-regulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl gene expression and up-regulated pro-apoptotic P53 and Apaf1 gene expression in SKOV3 cells. Administration of β-elemene+paclitaxel arrested SKOV3 cell cycle at S phase and down-regulated CDK1, cyclin-B1, and P27 gene expression and apoptotic-related resistant gene expression of MDR1, LRP, and TS in SKOV3 cells. In vivo experiments showed that treatment with β-elemene+paclitaxel significantly inhibited ovarian tumor growth and prolonged the overall survival of SKOV3-bearing mice. In addition, the treatment inhibited phosphorylated STAT3 and NF-κB expression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it inhibited migration and invasion through down-regulation of the STAT-NF-κB signaling pathway in SKOV3 cells. In conclusion, the data suggested that β-elemene+paclitaxel can inhibit ovarian cancer growth via down-regulation of the STAT3-NF-κB signaling pathway, which may be a potential therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer therapy.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different reductions in digestible amino acids content (lysine, methionine, and threonine), according to two nutritional requirements in corn, soybean meal, and meat and bone meal based diets, with protease supplementation, on performance parameters and carcass characteristics. A total of 1080 day-old chicks, male, Cobb 500, were allotted to a completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement 3 x 2, three reductions in digestible amino acids content (lysine, methionine, and threonine) and two nutritional requirements (Rostagno et al. 2005 and Cobb-Vantress Guidelines 2008), and all diets were supplemented with protease (200 ppm) with 6 replicates of 30 birds per pen. There was no significant interaction (p<0.05) between digestible amino acid reductions and both nutritional requirements for the performance variables and carcass yield and cuts. There was an effect of amino acid reduction and protease supplementation only on slaughter weight (p<0.05). Broilers fed according to the nutritional requirements of Rostagno et al. (2005) showed better (p<0.05) performance when compared to broilers fed as specified by the nutritional requirements of Cobb-Vantress (2008) with no significant differences in carcass characteristics. Protease supplementation of corn, soybean meal, and meat and bone meal based diets allows a reduction in the inclusion of crystalline amino acids (lysine, methionine, and threonine).