Abstract Objective: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with no intention to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months of life in a sample of women in the first 24 h postpartum during the hospital stay. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from screening phase of a birth cohort. The proportion of mothers who did not intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months (primary outcome) derived from a negative response to the question “Would you be willing to try to breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months?”, in an interview conducted by previously trained interviewers. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals were obtained by Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: A total of 2964 postpartum women were interviewed. The overall prevalence of mothers who did not intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months was 17.8% (16.4–19.1%). After adjusting for maternal age and type of pregnancy (singleton or multiple), no intention to exclusively breastfeed was higher in mothers with a monthly household income < 3 minimum wages (PR, 1.64; 1.35–1.98) and in those who intended to smoke 4–7 days/week after delivery (PR, 1.42; 1.11–1.83). The presence of significant newborn morbidity (PR, 0.32; 0.19–0.54) and intention to breastfeed up to 12 months (PR, 0.46; 0.38–0.55) had a protective effect against not intending to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Conclusions: Approximately 1 in every 5 mothers did not intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Strategies aimed at promoting exclusive breastfeeding should focus attention on mothers from lower economic strata and smokers.

The relationship between patients and dentists today is more worn and less based on trust, which can lead to high rates of lawsuits related to civil liability and dental malpractice. Aim verify if there has been an increase in the number of lawsuits related to questioned dental treatments, and against dentists registered in the city of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, from 2012 to 2017. Methods We outlined an overview based on the list from the São Paulo Council of Dentistry containing 30,238 registered dentists in the city of São Paulo, and searched for lawsuits on the public base of the São Paulo State Court’s. Results The search, after the inclusion and exclusion criteria, found 247 lawsuits, with dental implants as the most involved specialty. The total indemnities requested ranged from R$ 227.42 to R$ 937,000.00, but no indemnity granted exceeded the amount of R$ 100,000.00. Conclusion According to the analysis of cases, there is a progressive increase in the number of civil liability lawsuits against dentists involving dental malpractice litigance.

Forming semiconductor heterojunction is promising for improved photocatalytic performance due to synergistic combination of the best properties of each material. The present study reports a simple hydrothermal strategy to form n-n heterojunction of Ta2O5 nanotubes and BiVO4 microstructures. The Ta2O5/BiVO4 heterojunctions were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, UV Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by hydrogen production and photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous medium under AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm2) condition. The heterojunctions have optical absorption in the visible region (200 500 nm) with crystal structures defined as monoclinic for BiVO4 and orthogonal for Ta2O5. For MB photodegradation, the Ta2O5/BiVO4 obtained via hydrothermal route showed a photodegradation of 72.3%, compared to 28.3% presented by the sample produced through the mechanical mixture, with the maintenance of 86.4% of its photocatalytic performance after 3 cycles of photodegradation. For H2 production, hydrothermally prepared Ta2O5/BiVO4 generated 10.2 μmol g-1 of H2 in 3 h; while Ta2O5 nanotubes and mechanical Ta2O5/BiVO4 mixture shows 6.82 and 2.80 μmol g-1, respectively. The results suggest that Ta2O5/BiVO4 is a promising material for applications in photocatalysis, promoting sustainable energy production through hydrogen and for the treatment of effluents containing cationic dyes.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as características associadas aos pais de crianças e adolescentes que ouviram falar sobre o Papillomavirus humano, bem como o conhecimento sobre a infecção e a intenção de vacinar seus filhos. Métodos Estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado por meio de entrevista utilizando instrumento estruturado. Entrevistaram-se 376 pais de crianças e adolescentes que aguardavam atendimento pediátrico em unidades de saúde de Três Lagoas/MS. Os dados coletados (características sociodemográficas; características reprodutivas e sexuais; conhecimento sobre o Papillomavirus humano e intenção de vacinar o/a filho/a) foram analisados por meio de técnica de estatística descritiva, teste de associação Qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher e Teste T Student. Resultados Dentre os entrevistados, 327 (87,0%) afirmaram ter ouvido falar sobre o Papillomavirus humano. Identificou-se associação entre os pais que nunca ouviram falar sobre a infecção e sexo masculino, idade entre 18 e 25 anos e ensino fundamental incompleto. Dentre os pais que ouviram falar sobre o Papilomavírus Humano, 152 (46,5%) afirmaram que é uma infecção sexualmente transmissível, 245 (74,9%) garantiram que a transmissão ocorre através da relação sexual desprotegida, 275 (75,5%) desconhecem seus sinais e sintomas, 218 (66,7%) afirmaram erroneamente que tal infecção tem cura e 283 (86,5%) sabem da existência da vacina. Dentre todos os entrevistados, 98,1% levariam seu(ua) filho(a) para vacinar contra o vírus. Conclusão Observaram-se lacunas no conhecimento dos pais de crianças e adolescentes sobre o Papillomavirus humano, mostrando a necessidade de educação em saúde e divulgação de ações de enfrentamento à infecção em meios de comunicação e redes sociais.

Abstract Objective Analyze the characteristics associated with the parents of children and adolescents who have heard about the human papillomavirus, as well as the knowledge about the infection and the intention to vaccinate their children. Methods Cross-sectional study with quantitative approach, conducted through a structured interview. We interviewed 376 parents of children and adolescents who were awaiting pediatric care at health services in Três Lagoas/MS. The collected data (sociodemographic characteristics; reproductive and sexual characteristics; knowledge about human papillomavirus and intention to vaccinate the child) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test or the chi-square association test and Student’s t-test. Results Among the respondents, 327 (87.0%) said they had heard about the human papillomavirus. An association was identified between parents who had never heard of the infection and male sex, age between 18 and 25 years and unfinished primary education. Among the parents who had heard about the human papillomavirus, 152 (46.5%) stated that it is a sexually transmitted infection, 245 (74.9%) assured that the transmission occurs through unprotected sexual intercourse, 275 (75.5%) are unaware of its signs and symptoms, 218 (66.7%) mistakenly stated that this infection is curable and 283 (86.5%) know of the existence of the vaccine. Among all respondents, 98.1% would take their child to get vaccinated against the virus. Conclusion Gaps were observed in the knowledge of the parents of children and adolescents about the human papillomavirus, showing the need for health education and dissemination of actions to cope with the infection in the media and social networks.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las características asociadas a padres de niños y adolescentes que escucharon hablar sobre el virus del papiloma humano, así como el conocimiento sobre la infección y la intención de vacunar a sus hijos. Métodos Estudio transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado por medio de encuesta con instrumento estructurado. Se encuestaron 376 padres de niños y adolescentes que esperaban atención pediátrica en unidades de salud de Três Lagoas, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Los datos recopilados (características sociodemográficas, características reproductivas y sexuales, conocimiento sobre el virus del papiloma humano e intención de vacunar al hijo/a) se analizaron por medio de técnica de estadística descriptiva, prueba de asociación ji cuadrado o prueba exacta de Fisher y test-T Student. Resultados Entre los encuestados, 327 (87,0 %) afirmaron haber escuchado hablar sobre el virus del papiloma humano. Se identificó relación entre los padres que nunca escucharon hablar sobre la infección y el sexo masculino, edad entre 18 y 25 años y educación primaria incompleta. De los padres que escucharon hablar sobre el virus del papiloma humano, 152 (46,5 %) afirmaron que es una infección de transmisión sexual, 245 (74,9 %) aseguraron que la transmisión ocurre a través de las relaciones sexuales sin protección, 275 (75,5 %) desconocen sus signos y síntomas, 218 (66,7 %) afirmaron erróneamente que tal infección tiene cura, y 283 (86,5 %) saben de la existencia de la vacuna. Entre los encuestados, el 98,1 % llevaría a su hijo/a vacunarse contra el virus. Conclusión Se observaron vacíos de conocimiento en los padres de niños y adolescentes sobre el virus del papiloma humano, lo que muestra la necesidad de educación para la salud y difusión de acciones para enfrentar la infección en medios de comunicación y redes sociales.

Resumo Foi avaliado o consumo de fibras alimentares no Brasil e sua relação com a ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados. Foram utilizados dados de consumo alimentar, via registro alimentar de 24 horas, com indivíduos de idade ≥10 anos (n=34.003) oriundos da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009. Os alimentos foram divididos em grupos: in natura ou minimamente processados, ingredientes culinários processados, processados e ultraprocessados, estimando-se sua contribuição para o consumo de fibras. Verificou-se a relação entre quintos de consumo de ultraprocessados (avaliado pelo % do total de energia consumida) e teor médio de fibras na dieta (g/1.000kcal), e a prevalência de inadequação no consumo de fibras. Alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados apresentaram densidade de fibras significativamente maior do que os ultraprocessados e corresponderam à majoritária contribuição percentual de fibras na dieta, notavelmente a partir do arroz e feijão. Indivíduos do maior quintil de consumo de ultraprocessados tiveram 1,5 vez mais chance de apresentar ingestão de fibras inadequada. O consumo de ultraprocessados impactou negativamente na ingestão de fibras. Reduzir o consumo desses alimentos pode trazer benefícios à qualidade da dieta brasileira.

Abstract The consumption of dietary fiber in Brazil and its relationship with the intake of ultra-processed foods was evaluated. The analysis used food consumption data, with a 24-hour food record of residents aged ≥10 years (n=34.003) from the 2008-2009 Family Budgets Survey. The food products were divided into groups: in natura or minimally processed ingredients; processed culinary ingredients; processed and ultra-processed ingredients. The contribution of each food group and selected subgroups to the total fiber intake, the relation between quintiles of ultra-processed foods (evaluated by the % of total energy intake), average dietary fiber content (g/1,000kcal), and the prevalence of inadequate fiber consumption, was estimated. In natura or minimally processed foods revealed significantly higher fiber density than ultra-processed foods and corresponded to the majority percentile contribution of dietary fiber, notably derived from rice and beans. Individuals in the largest quintile of ultra-processed consumption were 1.5 times more likely to ingest inadequate fiber intake. The consumption of ultra-processed foods had a negative impact on fiber intake. Reducing the consumption of these foods can bring benefits to the quality of the Brazilian diet.

Resumo Foi avaliado o consumo de fibras alimentares no Brasil e sua relação com a ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados. Foram utilizados dados de consumo alimentar, via registro alimentar de 24 horas, com indivíduos de idade ≥10 anos (n=34.003) oriundos da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009. Os alimentos foram divididos em grupos: in natura ou minimamente processados, ingredientes culinários processados, processados e ultraprocessados, estimando-se sua contribuição para o consumo de fibras. Verificou-se a relação entre quintos de consumo de ultraprocessados (avaliado pelo % do total de energia consumida) e teor médio de fibras na dieta (g/1.000kcal), e a prevalência de inadequação no consumo de fibras. Alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados apresentaram densidade de fibras significativamente maior do que os ultraprocessados e corresponderam à majoritária contribuição percentual de fibras na dieta, notavelmente a partir do arroz e feijão. Indivíduos do maior quintil de consumo de ultraprocessados tiveram 1,5 vez mais chance de apresentar ingestão de fibras inadequada. O consumo de ultraprocessados impactou negativamente na ingestão de fibras. Reduzir o consumo desses alimentos pode trazer benefícios à qualidade da dieta brasileira.

Abstract The consumption of dietary fiber in Brazil and its relationship with the intake of ultra-processed foods was evaluated. The analysis used food consumption data, with a 24-hour food record of residents aged ≥10 years (n=34.003) from the 2008-2009 Family Budgets Survey. The food products were divided into groups: in natura or minimally processed ingredients; processed culinary ingredients; processed and ultra-processed ingredients. The contribution of each food group and selected subgroups to the total fiber intake, the relation between quintiles of ultra-processed foods (evaluated by the % of total energy intake), average dietary fiber content (g/1,000kcal), and the prevalence of inadequate fiber consumption, was estimated. In natura or minimally processed foods revealed significantly higher fiber density than ultra-processed foods and corresponded to the majority percentile contribution of dietary fiber, notably derived from rice and beans. Individuals in the largest quintile of ultra-processed consumption were 1.5 times more likely to ingest inadequate fiber intake. The consumption of ultra-processed foods had a negative impact on fiber intake. Reducing the consumption of these foods can bring benefits to the quality of the Brazilian diet.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os perfis eletrocorticográficos, eletromiográficos e eletrocardiográficos para relatar os efeitos eletrofisiológicos da cafeína em ratos Wistar. Métodos: Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, pesando de 230g a 250g. Os animais foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: Grupo 1, Controle com solução fisiológica 0,9% por via intraperitoneal (n=27), e Grupo 2, Tratado com Cafeína (50mg/kg intraperitoneal; n=27). Foram realizadas avaliações por eletrocorticograma, eletromiograma e eletrocardiograma. Resultados: Houve variações nas oscilações cerebrais (delta, teta, alfa, beta e gama) na faixa de frequência de até 40Hz após a aplicação de cafeína em ratos. Observou-se que as potências nas faixas das oscilações delta e teta foram preponderantes. A força de contração nos músculos estriado esquelético e cardíaco aumentou. A avaliação do eletrocardiograma demonstrou que a duração dos intervalos RR, QRS e QT foram menores na presença da cafeína. Conclusão: No sistema nervoso central, houve aumento dos espectros de amplitude delta, teta e alfa, que auxiliam na codificação das memórias e estão relacionados à melhora do aprendizado. Em relação à musculatura esquelética, demonstrou-se aumento da contração do músculo gastrocnêmio, uma clara indicação de como a cafeína pode ser usada para aumentar o desempenho em algumas atividades físicas. As alterações eletrocardiográficas observadas após a administração de cafeína estiveram relacionadas principalmente ao aumento da frequência cardíaca e do consumo de energia.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe electrocorticographic, electromyographic and electrocardiographic profiles to report the electrophysiological effects of caffeine in Wistar rats. Methods: Male adult Wistar rats weighing 230g to 250g were used. Rats were allocated to one of two groups, as follows: Group 1, Control, intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% saline solution (n=27); and Group 2, treated with intraperitoneal injection of caffeine (50mg/kg; n=27). The rats were submitted to electrocorticographic, electromyographic and electrocardiographic assessment. Results: Brain oscillations (delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma) in the frequency range up to 40Hz varied after caffeine administration to rats. Powers in delta and theta oscillations ranges were preponderant. The contractile force of the skeletal striated and cardiac muscles increased. Electrocardiogram analysis revealed shorter RR, QRS and QT intervals under the effect of caffeine. Conclusion: In the central nervous system, there was an increase in the delta, theta and alpha amplitude spectrum, which are related to memory encoding and enhanced learning. With regard to skeletal muscle, increased contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle was demonstrated, a clear indication of how caffeine can be used to enhance performance of some physical activities. Electrocardiographic changes observed after caffeine administration are primarily related to increased heart rate and energy consumption.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da terapia de fotobiomodulação no estado redox, no marcador de angiogênese – fator de crescimento endotelial vascular – e na recuperação funcional do músculo desnervado. Métodos: Um total de 32 ratas Wistar foi submetido a uma lesão por esmagamento e dividido aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: Grupo Diodo Emissor de Luz 2 e Grupo Controle 2 (músculo coletado 2 dias após a lesão), além do Grupo Diodo Emissor de Luz 21 e do Grupo Controle 21 (músculo coletado 21 dias após a lesão). Grupo Diodo Emissor de Luz 2 e Grupo Diodo Emissor de Luz 21 receberam duas e dez aplicações de diodo emissor de luz (630±20nm, 9J/cm2e 300mW), respectivamente, e Grupo Controle 2 e Grupo Controle 21 não receberam tratamento. A função foi avaliada pelo teste de preensão em quatro momentos (pré-lesão, 2, 10 e 21 dias após a lesão). O músculo flexor dos dedos foi coletado para análise dos parâmetros redox e da imunolocalização do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular. Resultados: Houve melhora funcional no segundo e décimo dia pós-lesão nos grupos tratados em comparação aos controles (p<0,005). O tecido muscular dos grupos tratados apresentou maior expressão imuno-histoquímica do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular. A terapia de fotobiomodulação diminuiu o dano oxidativo aos lipídeos no Grupo Diodo Emissor de Luz 2 comparado ao Grupo Controle 2 (p=0,023) no músculo desnervado. Conclusão: A terapia de fotobiomodulação acelerou a recuperação funcional, aumentou a angiogênese e reduziu a peroxidação lipídica no músculo desnervado 2 dias após a lesão.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy in redox status, angiogenesis marker – vascular endothelial growth factor – and in the functional recovery in denervated muscle. Methods: A total of 32 female Wistar rats underwent a crush injury and were randomly divided into four groups: Light Emitting Diode Group 2 and Control Group 2 (muscle collected 2 days after injury), and Light Emitting Diode Group 21 and Control Group 21 (muscle collected 21 days afterinjury). Light Emitting Diode Group 2 and Light Emitting Diode Group 21 received two and ten light emitting diode applications (630±20nm, 9J/cm2, 300mW), respectively, and the Control Group 2 and Control Group 21 did not receive any treatment. The function was evaluated by grasping test at four moments (pre-injury, 2, 10 and 21 post-injury days). The flexor digitorum muscle was collected for analysis of immunolocalization of vascular endothelial growth factor and redox parameters. Results: Functional improvement was observed at the second and tenth post-injury day in treated groups compared to control (p<0.005). The muscle tissue of treated groups presented higher immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. Photobiomodulation therapy decreased the oxidative damage to lipid in Light Emitting Diode Group 2 compared to Control Group 2 (p=0.023) in the denervated muscle. Conclusion: Photobiomodulation therapy accelerated the functional recovery, increased angiogenesis and reduced lipid peroxidation in the denervated muscle at 2 days after injury.

RESUMO Objetivo Mapear e refletir sobre as iniciativas da sociedade civil para o combate à fome no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil. Métodos Para identificar as iniciativas da sociedade para o combate à fome foram conduzidas duas buscas sistemáticas independentes na plataforma Google®, utilizando as palavras-chave: “iniciativas sociedade civil covid” e “fome pandemia campanha solidariedade”. Resultados Foram localizadas quatorze iniciativas da sociedade civil de abrangência nacional que têm entre seus objetivos promover campanhas de financiamento coletivo para aquisição e distribuição de alimentos. Conclusão Historicamente, a sociedade brasileira é sensível ao tema do combate à fome e presta solidariedade como um valor social. Contudo, cabe ao Estado a obrigação legal do cumprimento da alimentação enquanto um direito de cidadania.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify and reflect about civil society’s initiatives to curb hunger in connection with the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods In order to identify society’s initiatives to fight hunger, two independent systematic searches were conducted in the Google® search engine using the following keywords: “covid civil society initiatives” and “hunger pandemic solidarity campaign”. Results Fourteen nationwide civil society-promoted initiatives were identified, that among their objectives aimed at fostering collective funding to purchase and distribute foods. Conclusion Brazilian society has been historically sensitive to the hunger problem and shows solidarity as a social value. Nevertheless, the State is legally bound to provide food, as a social right.