Resumen La precocidad y adaptación del maíz nativo de Tamaulipas en ambientes restrictivos, permite considerarlo fuente de variabilidad para programas de mejoramiento genético, por ello es necesario conocer los efectos genéticos que controlan su variación. El objetivo fue determinar la acción génica que controla la variación de la precocidad de poblaciones de maíz nativo de Tamaulipas y la relación de la precocidad con el rendimiento de grano. En Güémez, Tamaulipas, en otoño-invierno 2019-2020 y primavera-verano 2020 con aplicación y no aplicación de insecticida para combatir S. frugiperda, se evaluaron los efectos genéticos de días a floración masculina y femenina de seis poblaciones de maíz, sus cruzas directas y reciprocas, mediante un análisis dialélico con el método de Griffing, se analizó la correlación entre la floración y el rendimiento de grano. Para floración masculina y femenina no existieron efectos de aptitud combinatoria general y existieron efectos de aptitud combinatoria especifica, recíprocos y maternos: la variación entre cultivares se explicó en 53% para floración masculina y 45% para femenina por efectos de aptitud combinatoria especifica, para floración masculina 38% de la variación entre cultivares y 43% para femenina fue debida a efectos recíprocos. La variación entre cultivares, dependió de efectos no aditivos y existió herencia citoplasmática involucrada en su expresión. La precocidad se correlacionó positivamente con el rendimiento de grano en el ciclo primavera-verano sin aplicación de insecticida. Con aptitud combinatoria especifica alta sobresalieron TML3S3×VHA y Cam×VHA, para aprovechar los efectos recíprocos en Cam×VHA hay que considerar el orden de los progenitores.

Abstract The earliness and adaptation of native corn of Tamaulipas in restrictive environments allows considering it a source of variability for genetic improvement programs, so it is necessary to know the genetic effects that control its variation. The objective was to determine the gene action that controls the variation of the earliness of native corn populations of Tamaulipas and the relationship of earliness with grain yield. In Güémez, Tamaulipas, in the agricultural cycles of autumn-winter 2019-2020 and spring-summer 2020 with application and non-application of insecticide to combat S. frugiperda, the genetic effects of days to male and female flowering of six corn populations, their direct and reciprocal crosses were evaluated, through a diallel analysis with the Griffing method, the correlation between flowering and grain yield was analyzed. For male and female flowering, there were no effects of general combining ability and there were effects of specific combining ability, reciprocal and maternal: the variation between cultivars was explained in 53% for male flowering and 45% for female flowering by effects of specific combining ability, for male flowering 38% of the variation between cultivars and 43% for female flowering was due to reciprocal effects. The variation between cultivars depended on non-additive effects and there was cytoplasmic inheritance involved in their expression. Earliness was positively correlated with grain yield in the spring-summer cycle without insecticide application. With high specific combining ability, TML3S3×VHA and Cam×VHA stood out, to take advantage of the reciprocal effects in Cam×VHA, the order of the parents must be considered.

Abstract The main goal of this article is to study the oscillatory motion of a spherical gas bubble immersed in a Newtonian liquid subjected to a harmonic pressure excitation. We use the classical Rayleigh-Plesset equation to study the radial motion of the bubble undergoing a forcing acoustic pressure field. The second order nonlinear ordinary differential equation that governs the bubble motion is solved through a robust fifth order Runge-Kutta scheme with adaptive time-step. Several interesting patterns are identified. First we develop an asymptotic solution for low amplitudes of excitation pressure to validate our numerical code. Then we develop a bifurcation diagram in order to show how the parameters of the flow modify the vibrational patterns of the bubble. We also train a neural network to identify the vibrational pattern through its FFT data. The combination of neural networks with a bifurcation diagram could be useful for the identification of the flow physical parameters in practical applications. For each pattern we also provide an analysis of the motion of the bubble on the phase-space and interpret physically the system behavior with its FFT. In addition, we analyze nonlinear patterns using standard tools of dynamical systems such as Poincaré sections and calculate the Lyapunov exponents of the system. Based on that, we have identified topological transitions in phase plane using for instance the analysis of Poincaré sections and the solution in the frequency spectrum. We have seen that the mechanisms that dominate the dynamics of the oscillating bubble is the competition of the acoustic field excitation with surface tension forces and momentum diffusion by the action of the surrounding fluid viscosity.

Mikania lindleyana DC., Asteraceae (sucuriju), grows in the Amazon region, where is frequently used to treat pain, inflammatory diseases and scarring. This study was carried out to investigate phytochemical profile accompanied by in vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory screening of n-hexane (HE), dichloromethane (DME) and methanol (ME) extracts obtained from the aerial parts of the plant. The oral administration of ME (0.1, 0.3, 1 g/kg) caused a dose-related reduction (16.2, 42.1 e 70.2%) of acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing while HE and DME (1 g/kg, p.o.) were ineffective. In the hot plate test, ME (300 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the latency of heat stimulus between 30 and 120 min and inhibited the first (45%) and second (60%) phases of nociception in the formalin test. The antinociception induced by ME or positive control fentanyl (150 µg/kg, s.c.) in hot plate and formalin tests was prevented by naloxone (3 mg/kg, s.c.). When submitted to the carrageenan-induced peritonitis test, ME (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg, p.o.) impaired leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity by 46.8, 59.4 and 64.8% respectively, while positive control dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, s.c.), inhibited leukocyte migration by 71.1%. These results indicate that the antinociception obtained after oral administration of methanol extract of M. lindleyana involves anti-inflammatory mechanisms accompanied with opioid-like activity which could explain the use of the specie for pain and inflammatory diseases.