Introduction: Burns are injuries caused by various agents that promote the destruction of the skin and can lead to the exposure of deeper tissues. To make better use of this variety of treatment options, it is important to know its causes, extent and treatment methods. Objective: Update the use of nanocellulose membranes with glycerol, vascular endothelial growth factor and other complements in burn healing. Method: Review carried out with material and analysis selected from research on virtual platforms (SciELO, Google Scholar, Virtual Health Library, Pubmed and Scopus) using the descriptors: “bacterial membrane proteins; vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR; biological dressings; dressings” with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract. Afterwards, the articles were read in full. Result: 45 articles were included. Conclusion: Although more research is needed, published studies show that the enrichment of nanocellulose membranes with some additives such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF) and incorporation of sensors that can monitor wound conditions will result in highly effective dressings. Considering the technological advances to produce low-cost membranes, associated with artificial intelligence and the efforts of researchers, the benefit to public health will soon be evident.

Introdução: Queimaduras são lesões causadas por diversos agentes que promovem a destruição da pele podendo chegar à exposição de tecidos mais profundos. Para melhor uso desta variedade de opções de seu tratamento é importante conhecer-se suas causas, extensão e métodos de tratamento. Objetivo: Atualizar o uso de membranas de nanocelulose, fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular e outros complementos na cicatrização de queimaduras. Método: Revisão feita com material e análise  selecionados a partir de pesquisa em plataformas virtuais (SciELO, Google Scholar, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Pubmed e Scopus) por meio dos descritores: “proteínas da membrana bacteriana; fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular; VEGFR; curativos biológicos; curativos” e seus equivalentes em inglês “bacterial outer membrane proteins; vascular endothelial growth fator; dressing; VEGFR; biological dressings” com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo. Após, foi feita leitura na íntegra dos artigos. Resultado: Foram incluídos 45 artigos. Conclusão: Embora sejam necessárias mais pesquisas, estudos já publicados evidenciam que o enriquecimento das membranas de nanocelulose com alguns aditivos como o Fator de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular VEGF) e incorporação de sensores que possam monitorar as condições das feridas resultará em curativos altamente eficazes. Considerando o avanço tecnológico para produzir membranas de baixo custo, associado à inteligência artificial e os esforços dos pesquisadores, em breve o benefício à saúde pública será evidente.

Introduction: Evaluating the scarring differences between areas previously anesthetized with different local anesthetics is interesting to verify whether the choice of anesthetic helps in surgical healing in relation to inflammation, neovascularization and collagen deposition. Objectives: Review the existing literature with a focus on analyzing the role of local anesthetics in aiding the healing of surgical wounds. Method: Narrative review of literature selected from the SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus platforms. Initially, the review searched for keywords in the focus of the research, based on MESH/DeCS with the following terms: “local anesthetics, healing, neovascularization, collagen” with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract. Next, only those that were most related to the topic were included, and the texts were read for inclusion. Results: 73 articles were included, read and interpreted focusing on the role of anesthetics in healing, pain, side effects and the best that currently emerge in analgesia and scar potential. Conclusions: No differences were observed between the anesthetics studied in terms of healing, inflammation and neovascularization. However, there was a significant difference in the production of collagens with an intensity of 6 to 12 times greater than collagen types I, II and III with the use of levobupivacaine.

Introdução: Avaliar as diferenças cicatriciais entre áreas previamente anestesiadas com diferentes anestésicos locais é interessante para verificar se a escolha do anestésico auxilia na cicatrização cirúrgica em relação à inflamação, neovascularização e deposição de colágeno. Objetivos: Revisar a literatura existente com foco de análise sobre o papel dos anestésicos locais no auxílio da cicatrização de feridas cirúrgicas. Método: Revisão narrativa da literatura selecionada das plataformas SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar, Pubmed e Scopus.  Inicialmente a revisão realizou a busca por palavras-chave no foco da pesquisa, com base no MESH/DeCS com os seguintes termos: “anestésicos locais, cicatrização, neovascularização, colágeno” com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo. A seguir, foram incluídos somente os que tinham maior relação ao tema, e realizada a leitura dos textos para inclusão. Resultados: Foram incluídos, lidos e interpretados 73 artigos enfocando o papel dos anestésicos na cicatrização, dor, efeitos colaterais e os melhores que despontam na atualidade na analgesia e potencial cicatricial. Conclusões: Não se observou diferenças entre anestésicos pesquisados quanto à cicatrização, inflamação e neovascularização. Contudo, verificou-se diferença significativa na produção de colágenos com intensidade de 6 a 12 vezes maior de colágenos tipos I, II e III com o uso da levobupivacaína.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is among the most common malignant neoplasms worldwide and the pre-malignant lesions that lead to its appearance are polyps in their various types. As a minimally invasive method, endoscopic resection emerges as the preferred method for focused lesions. Objective: To carry out a review verifying whether endoscopic therapy is safe and efficient in the treatment of lesions located in the rectum. Method: Narrative review collecting information published on virtual platforms (SciELO, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus). Initially, a search was carried out for descriptors related to the topic, which were identified through DeCS/MeSH, namely: “colorectal cancer, adenoma, mucosectomy, dysplasia, polyp” with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract. Afterwards, only those that were most similar were chosen, and the works were read in full. Results: 41 articles were evaluated. Conclusion: With the evolution of concepts and technological improvements, there is an increasing possibility of diagnosing non-polypoid or superficial lesions (superficially elevated, flat or depressed) and laterally spreading or laterally growing lesions or tumors (LST). ) that, by definition, have a diameter greater than 10 mm. Mucosectomy may be indicated for minimally invasive treatment or prevention in cases that have not yet advanced and can be cured endoscopically.

Introdução: O câncer colorretal está entre as neoplasias malignas mais comuns em todo mundo e as lesões pré-malignas que levam ao seu surgimento são os pólipos em seus variados tipos. Como forma minimamente invasiva a ressecção endoscópica desponta como método preferencial nas lesões focadas. Objetivo: Efetuar revisão verificando se a terapêutica endoscópica é segura e eficiente no tratamento de lesões localizadas no reto. Método: Revisão narrativa colhendo informações publicadas em plataformas virtuais (SciELO, Google Scholar, Pubmed e Scopus). Inicialmente foi realizada busca por descritores relacionados ao tema, os quais foram identificados por meio do DeCS/MeSH, a saber: “câncer colorretal, adenoma, mucosectomia, displasia, pólipo” e seus equivalentes em inglês “colorectal cancer, adenoma, mucosectomy, dysplasia, polyp” com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo. Após, foram escolhidos somente os que tinham maior similitude, e realizada a leitura na íntegra dos trabalhos. Resultados: Foram avaliados 41 artigos. Conclusão: Com a evolução dos conceitos e com a melhora tecnológica, há possibilidade de diagnosticar cada vez maior lesões não-polipoides ou superficiais (superficialmente elevadas, planas ou deprimidas) e as lesões ou tumores de espraiamento ou crescimento lateral (LST, Laterally Spreading Tumor) que por definição apresentem diâmetro maior que 10 mm. A mucosectomia pode ser indicada para o tratamento minimanente invasivo ou prevenção nos casos ainda não avançados e que possam ser curados endoscopicamente.

Introduction: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) comprises a group of neoplasms with a high incidence in the world population. It is divided into basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). As it is highly prevalent, understanding the process of oncogenesis and the relationship with ions, proteins and cellular receptors in CPMN can contribute to the evaluation of new therapies. Objective: To understand the oncogenesis process of non-melanoma skin tumors and its relationship with the immunolocalization of IP3R. Method: Integrative literature review with evidence synthesis. The database was PUBMED; the search strategy: “squamous cell carcinoma, AND/OR basal cell carcinoma, AND/OR IP3R, AND/OR immunohistochemistry”. Works published between 2018 and 2023 were considered for review; 40 works were included, fully read and summarized. Results: NMSC is the most common malignant tumor worldwide, with 75-80% being BCC, and up to 25% being SCC. Molecular interactions in general involve a large participation of tumor suppressor molecules, as well as procto-oncogenes. Furthermore, voltage-dependent ion channels control the cytosolic flow of ions, including calcium. The IP3R (phosphatidyl inositol-3 receptor) allows the exit of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum so that it can be used by the cell for physiological activities such as proliferation, angiogenesis, motility and invasion capacity. Conclusion: The IP3R, due to its immunohistochemical expression characteristics, appears may also be related to the pathophysiology of NMSC.

Introdução: O câncer de pele não melanoma (CPNM) compeende grupo de neoplasias com alta incidência na população mundial. É dividido em carcinoma basocelular (CBC) e de células escamosas (CEC). Por ser de grande prevalência, entender o processo de oncogênese e a relação com íons, proteínas e receptores celulares no CPMN pode contribuir para que novas terapêuticas sejam avaliadas. Objetivo: Entender o processo da oncogênese dos tumores de pele não melanomas e sua relação com a imunolocalização do IP3R. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura com síntese de evidências. A base de dados foi o PUBMED; a  estratégia de busca: “carcinoma espinocelular, AND/OR carcinoma basocelular, AND/OR IP3R, AND/OR imunoistoquímica”. Foram considerados para revisão os trabalhos publicados entre 2018 e 2023. Foram incluídos 40 trabalhos, integralmente lidos e resumidos. Resultados: CPNMs são os tumores malignos mais comuns em todo o mundo, sendo 75-80% o CBC, e até 25% o CEC. As interações moleculares de forma geral, envolvem grande participação de moléculas supressoras tumorais, assim como de procto-oncogenes. Além disso, canais iônicos voltagem dependente controlam o fluxo citosólico de íons, dentre eles o cálcio. O IP3R (receptor do fosfatidil inositol-3) permite a saída de cálcio do retículo endoplasmático para que seja utilizado pela célula para atividades fisiológias como proliferação, angiogênese, motilidade e capacidade de invasão. Conclusão: O IP3R, pelas características de expressão imunoistoquímica, parece estar relacionado também, à fisiopatologia do CPNM.

Introduction: Papillary carcinomas are the most prevalent and least aggressive thyroid carcinomas (PTC). In some cases, the diagnosis is doubtfull and the prognosis is poor. The search for tissue biomarkers that ensure both the diagnosis for indeterminate cases and the prognosis, identifying the most aggressive cases, has been studied in recent decades. Objective: To review the literature in search of cyclin D1 as a marker of papillary thyroid carcinomas and multinodular goiters and evaluate whether its expression correlates with the clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Methods: Narrative review carried out by collecting information for reading and analysis from online research on virtual platforms. Initially, a search was carried out from MESH descriptors related to the topic, using the following terms: “papillary thyroid carcinoma, cyclin D1, immunohistochemistry, diagnosis, prognosis.” with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract and those chosen were read in full. Results: The search included 77 articles that were compiled in this review. Conclusion: Cyclin D1 was expressed in the vast majority of PTCs, with diffuse distribution being predominant. There was no correlation between its expression and any clinicopathological characteristic of PTC.

Racional - Os carcinomas papilíferos são os mais prevalentes e menos agressivos de tireoide (CPT). Em alguns casos, o diagnóstico é duvidoso e o prognóstico ruim. A busca de biomarcadores teciduais que permitam assegurar tanto o diagnóstico para casos indeterminados, quanto o prognóstico, identificando os casos de maior agressividade, têm sido estudadas nas últimas décadas. Objetivo: Revisar na literatura na busca da ciclina D1 como marcador dos carcinomas papilíferos de tireoide e nos bócios multinodulares, e avaliar se a expressão dela apresenta correlação com as características clínico-patológicas dos carcinomas papilíferos de tireoide. Métodos: Revisão narrativa feita colhendo informações para leitura e análise a partir de pesquisa online em platoformas virtuais. Inicialmente foi realizada busca por descritores DECs relacionados ao tema, utilizando os seguintes termos: “carcinoma papilífero de tireoide, ciclina D1, imunoistoquímica, diagnóstico, prognóstico.” com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo e os escolhidos foram lidos na íntegra. Resultados: A busca incluiu 77 artigos que foram compilados nesta revisão.  Conclusão: A ciclina D1 foi expressa na grande maioria dos CPT sendo a distribuição difusa predominante. Não houve correlação entre a expressão dela com qualquer característica clinicopatológica dos CPT.

Introduction: Pancreatic cystic lesions are common and are not exclusively benign. There are 3 guidelines that help recommend surgery if there is a risk factor, sign of malignancy or follow the patient with imaging tests. Objective: To review and compare the performance of these guidelines in asymptomatic patients with mucinous neoplasms. Method: The literature review was carried out by collecting information published on virtual platforms in Portuguese and English. The material for reading and analysis was selected from the SciELO, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus platforms. Initially, a search was carried out using the keywords “mucinous cystic neoplasm. pancreatic intraductal neoplasms. endoscopic ultrasound. fine needle aspiration” with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract. Afterwards, considering only those that were most related to the topic, the full texts were read. Results: 37 articles were included. Conclusion: The European Guideline-DE-2018 proved to be more accurate for use in patients with asymptomatic mucinous neoplasia after the diagnosis obtained by EUS-PAF.

Introdução: As lesões císticas pancreáticas são comuns e não são exclusivamente benignas. Existem 3 diretrizes que ajudam a indicar cirurgia no caso de haver algum fator de risco, sinal de malignidade ou acompanhar o paciente com exames de imagem. Objetivo: Revisar e comparar o desempenho dessas diretrizes em neoplasias mucinosas identificados de forma incidental. Método: A revisão da literatura foi feita colhendo informações publicadas em plataformas virtuais em português e inglês. O material para leitura e análise foi selecionado das plataformas SciELO, Google Scholar, Pubmed e Scopus. Inicialmente foi realizada busca por descritores “neoplasia cística mucinosa. neoplasias intraductais pancreáticas. ultrassonografia endoscópica. aspiração por agulha fina” com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo. Após, considerando-se somente os que tinham maior relação ao tema, foi realizada a leitura da íntegra dos textos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 37 artigos. Conclusão: A Diretriz Europeia- DE-2018 mostrou-se mais precisa para ser utilizada em pacientes com neoplasia mucinosa assintomática após o diagnóstico obtido pela USE-PAF.

Introduction: Improved endoscopic imaging allows the differential diagnosis of colorectal lesions in real time through the study of the microvasculature. Objective: To review the use of Blue Laser Imaging (BLI) in analyzing the capillary patern for the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Method: This is an integrative review of the literature that collected information published on virtual platforms in Portuguese and English. The search for reading and analysis was carried out on the SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus platforms. The descriptors taken from DeCS/MESH were: “Blue laser imaging. Endoscopy. Chromoendoscopy, Colorectal polyps. Magnification” and its English counterparts “Blue laser imaging. Image-enhanced endoscopy. Chromoendoscopy. Colorectal polyps. Magnification” with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract. Only those that had the greatest correlation to the topic were included, and the review was based on them, with reading, in full, of the texts. Results: In the end, 22 articles resulted that made up this review. Conclusion: BLI associated with magnification showed good results in real-time predictive histological diagnosis for colon and rectal lesions.

Introdução: Imagem endoscópica aprimorada permite o diagnóstico diferencial das lesões colorretais em tempo real através do estudo da microvasculatura. Objetivo: Revisar o uso do Blue Laser Imaging (BLI) na análise do padrão dos capilares para o diagnóstico diferencial entre lesões neoplásicas e não neoplásicas. Método: Esta é revisão integrativa da literatura  que colheu informações publicadas em plataformas virtuais em português e inglês. A busca para leitura e análise foi realizada nas plataformas SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar, Pubmed e Scopus.  Os descritores retirados do DeCS/MESH foram: “Blue laser imaging. Endoscopia. Cromoendoscopia, Pólipos colorretais. Magnificação” e seus correspondentes em inglês “Blue laser imaging. Image-enhanced endoscopy. Chromoendoscopy. Colorectal polyps. Magnification” com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo. Foram incluídos somente os que tivessem maior correlação ao tema, e neles foi baseada a revisão com leitura, na íntegra, dos textos. Resultados: Ao final resultaram  22 artigos que compuseram esta revisão. Conclusão: BLI associada à magnificação mostrou bons resultados no diagnóstico histológico preditivo em tempo real para as lesões de cólon e reto.

ABSTRACT Objective: this research objective was to develop a new peritoneal adhesion animal model that would lead to adhesions formation in all operated animals, simple and reproducible, associated with maintenance the animal’s health. Methods: eighteen adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly distributed into three groups: Control Group (anatomical and clinical parameters), Sham Group (delicate manipulation of the stomach and exposure of the peritoneal cavity to ambient air) and Surgery Group (gastrotomy followed by gastrorrhaphy). The animals were analyzed and classificated macroscopically according to two adhesion classification models and differences between groups were considered significant when p<0.05. Results: the six animals in the control group had no peritoneal adhesions, three of the six animals in the sham group had focal peritoneal adhesions, and all animals in the surgery group (gastrotomy followed by gastrorraphy) had firm peritoneal adhesions. All adhesions found were macroscopically quantified and microscopically confirmed, without carrying out a microscopic classification of the adhesions. Conclusion: the new model developed of gastrotomy followed by gastrorrhaphy, proved to be safe and efficient to induce and study peritoneal adhesions.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi criar um novo modelo animal de indução de aderências peritoneais capaz de levar à formação de aderências em todos os animais operados, simples e reprodutível, associado a manutenção da saúde dos animais. Métodos: Dezoito ratos machos, adultos, da linhagem Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo Controle (parâmetro anatômico e clínico), Grupo Sham (manipulação delicada do estômago e exposição de cavidade peritoneal ao ar ambiente) e Grupo Cirurgia (gastrotomia seguida de gastrorrafia). Os animais foram submetidos à análise e classificação macroscópicas, seguindo dois modelos de classificação de aderências. As diferenças entre os grupos foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes se p<0,05. Resultados: os seis animais do grupo controle não apresentavam aderências peritoneais, três dos seis animais do grupo sham apresentavam aderências peritoneais focais e todos os seis animais do grupo cirurgia (gastrotomia seguida de gastrorrafia) apresentavam aderências peritoneais firmes. Todas as aderências encontradas foram quantificadas macroscopicamente e confirmadas microscopicamente, sem a realização de classificação microscópica das aderências. Conclusão: o novo modelo desenvolvido, de gastrotomia seguida de gastrorrafia, mostrou-se seguro e eficiente para induzir e estudar aderências peritoneais.

RESUMO RACIONAL: A doença de von Hippel Lindau é uma síndrome autossômica dominante que se caracteriza por maior incidência de tumores em diferentes órgãos. OBJETIVO: Descrever um caso de pancreatoduodenectomia em paciente do sexo masculino de 30 anos com von Hippel Lindau. MÉTODO: Apresentamos o caso e a revisão da literatura realizada para otimizar o manejo do paciente, que apresentava feocromocitoma, hemangioblastoma capilar na retina periférica e dois tumores neuroendócrinos no pâncreas. RESULTADOS: O maior tumor pancreático localizava-se no processo uncinado medindo 31 mm. A lesão menor estava localizada no corpo proximal do pâncreas e foi detectada apenas na tomografia computadorizada por emissão de pósitrons com DOTATOC-68Ga. A investigação genética revelou uma mutação no locus NM_000551.3 c.482G>A (p.Arg161Gln) do gene supressor humano de Von Hippel-Lindau. O tumor no processo era maior que 30mm e o paciente apresentava mutação no exon 3. Indicamos pancreatoduodenectomia envolvendo o corpo proximal do pâncreas para ressecar em bloco ambos os tumores. No pós-operatório o paciente apresentou coleção líquida peripancreática que foi tratada como fístula pancreática grau B, com resolução clínica da complicação. Ele recebeu alta hospitalar no vigésimo primeiro dia pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: o manejo de pacientes com doença de von Hippel Lindau e tumores neuroendócrinos pancreáticos é complexo e deve ser centrado em instituições terciárias com grande volume de cirurgia pancreática. Embora a literatura atual auxilie na tomada de decisão na maioria das situações, cada etapa do tratamento requer análise e discussão entre diferentes especialidades médicas, incluindo cirurgiões, clínicos, radiologistas e anestesiologistas.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The von Hippel-Lindau disease is a highly penetrant autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by tumor predisposition in different organs. AIM: This study aimed to describe a case of a pancreatoduodenectomy for a 30-year-old male patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease. METHODS: We present a case study and the literature review aiming at the state-of-the-art management of a patient with pheochromocytoma, capillary hemangioblastoma in the peripheral retina, and two neuroendocrine tumors in the pancreas. RESULTS: A larger pancreatic lesion was located in the uncinate process, measuring 31 mm. The smaller lesion was located in the proximal pancreas and was detected only on the positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan with DOTATOC-68Ga. Genetic investigation revealed a mutation in the locus NM_000551.3 c.482G>A (p.Arg161Gln) of the Von Hippel-Lindau Human Suppressor gene. The uncinate process tumor was larger than 30 mm and the patient had a mutation on exon 3; therefore, we indicated a pancreatoduodenectomy involving the proximal pancreas to resect both tumors en bloc. During the postoperative period, the patient presented a peripancreatic fluid collection, which was treated as a grade B pancreatic fistula with clinical resolution of the complication. On postoperative day 21, he was discharged home. CONCLUSION: The management of patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is complex and must be centered on tertiary institutions with a large volume of pancreatic surgery. Although the current literature assists in decision-making in most situations, each step of the treatment requires analysis and discussion between different medical specialties, including surgeons, clinicians, radiologists, and anesthesiologists.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects and mechanisms of andiroba-based emulsion (ABE) topical treatment on full-thickness cutaneous wounds in rats. Methods: The wounds were harvested on days 3, 7, 15, and 20 post-surgery. Wound contraction rate, quantitative immunohistochemistry [macrophages, myofibroblasts, capillaries, collagens (col) I and III, transforming growth factor β3β (TGFβ3)], and tensile strength were assessed. Results: Treated wounds were smaller, contracted earlier and had increased angiogenesis, fewer CD68+ and M2 macrophages on days 7 and 15, but higher on day 20. Myofibroblasts appeared on days 3 to 7 in untreated wounds and on days 7 to 15 in treated wounds. TGFβ3 levels were higher in the treated wounds, less dense collagen fibers, lower col I/III ratios and a higher tensile strength. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the important anti-inflammatory role of treatment and the associated modulation of macrophages, myofibroblasts, and TGFβ3 levels. Collagen fibers in the treated wounds were more organized and less dense, similar to unwounded skin, which likely contributed to the higher tensile strength.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the most frequent surgical techniques of high-risk colorectal anastomoses in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were enrolled in three different models comprising inflammatory (TNBS enema), vascular (portal vein occlusion) or obstructive (a non-ischemic constricting ring) mechanisms associated with colonic anastomosis that had accomplished after these former lesions. Histological analyses (Hematoxylin and eosin and Picrosirius red) were performed. Results: All anastomoses techniques were associated with risk factors and had complications, mainly anastomotic leakage. In Study 1, the use of a pharmacological agent, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) mimicked an inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn’s disease with 50% of anastomosis leakage, the higher percentage among all models tested. In Study 2, after portal ischemia followed by reperfusion it was observed a dense neutrophil infiltrate in the midst of necrotic tissue and fibrin at the anastomotic site and 5 days after the anastomosis, no collagen was produced. In Study 3, 5 days after the mechanical obstruction some denuded areas of epithelium with marked oedema of mucosa and submucosa were seen, at the anastomotic site and anastomosis group showed some reduction of collagen density when compared with Control/Sham group. Conclusion: All the experimental surgical techniques tested in rats were associated with high-risk colorectal anastomoses and were useful to study colonic anastomotic healing and intestinal leakage.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate a novel and adapted low-cost set model for laparoscopic surgery in rats. Methods: Nine Wistar rats underwent two different laparoscopic procedures, splenectomy (n=3) and distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (n = 6), after assembling a low-cost set replacing the conventional one (monitor, micro camera, image processor, light source, laparoscope and insufflator). The new set included an Android Tablet 10.5 ", a 5mm USB Endoscope and semiautomatic sphygmomanometer monitor. Results: The same surgeon performed the laparoscopic procedures. Total surgical time ranged from 36 to 60 minutes with a mean of 45.8 minutes. Three rats died during the distal pancreatic and splenectomy procedure (33.3%), due to respiratory failure (n = 1), uncontrolled abdominal hemorrhage (n=1) and iatrogenic gastric perforation (n = 1). We followed the other six rats (66.6%) for seven days with no further evidence of complications. Conclusions: The laparoscopic partial pancreatectomy and splenectomy can be performed with the novel low-cost set assembled in the present experimental study. Both specific training and skills development are required to validate more advanced laparoscopic procedures and achieve a desirable outcome.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate whether undergraduate students feel motivated to develop surgical skills and know their impression about the importance of having a surgical technique discipline in the curriculum of a medical school. Methods: A prospective study including three classes in a row, from the 8th period (n = 265) evaluated the knowledge acquired at the Center of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). The importance of the discipline for medical training as a way of encouragement to arouse and deepen the interest in surgical technique was emphasized. The questions were scored from 1 to 5 (worst to best grade) . Results: Concerning the importance of the discipline for medical training, 78% and 18% of the students assigned a score 5 and 4, respectively. Regarding the stimulus to improve their surgical technical skills, 40% and 32% attributed the score 5 and 4, respectively. Conclusion: Undergraduate students from the Medical School of UFRJ effectively shared the understanding that the operative technique bases improve the formative process with significant impact, not only in the development of skills, but also to arouse vocations and stimulate new attitudes aimed to knowledge acquirement in the field of Surgery.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To critically analyze and standardize the rat pancreatectomy nomenclature variants. METHODS: It was performed a review of indexed manuscripts in PUBMED from 01/01/1945 to 31/12/2015 with the combined keywords "rat pancreatectomy" and "rat pancreas resection". The following parameters was considered: A. Frequency of publications; B. Purpose of the pancreatectomy in each article; C. Bibliographic references; D. Nomenclature of techniques according to the pancreatic parenchyma resection percentage RESULTS: Among the 468, the main objectives were to surgically induce diabetes and to study the genes regulations and expressions. Five rat pancreatectomy technique references received 15 or more citations. Twenty different terminologies were identified for the pancreas resection: according to the resected parenchyma percentage (30 to 95%); to the procedure type (total, subtotal and partial); or based on the selected anatomical region (distal, longitudinal and segmental). A nomenclature systematization was gathered by cross-checking information between the main surgical techniques, the anatomic parameters descriptions and the resected parenchyma percentages. CONCLUSION: The subtotal pancreatectomy nomenclature for parenchymal resection between 80 and 95% establishes a surgical parameter that also defines the total and partial pancreatectomy limits and standardizes these surgical procedures in rats.

PURPOSE: To track the regeneration process of lateral gastrocnemius due to a muscle laceration in rats, and to treatment with plateletrich plasma (PRP). METHODS: Ultrasound (40 MHz) images were used for measuring pennation angle (PA), muscle thickness (MT) and mean pixel intensity, along with claudication scores, of treated (PRPG) and non-treated (NTG) groups of rats. RESULTS: NTG showed a PA increase for the non-injured leg (p<0.05) and a tendency of MT to increase, whereas for PRPG there were no differences. There was a progressive reduction of the claudication score for the PRPG group throughout the entire period, with an immediate difference after seven days (p<0.05), whereas the NTG had a significant reduction only at day 28 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: It was observed a compensatory hypertrophic response due to the overload condition imposed to healthy leg for NTG that did not occur in PRPG, suggesting an accelerated repair process of the injured leg due to treatment, anticipating its use.