Natural additives with antioxidant properties can be used as biodegradable and sustainable alternatives to synthetic products, because they can inhibit the biodiesel oxidation reaction, increasing oxidative stability and extending its storage period. This research evaluated the efficiency of jabuticaba peels, gabiroba leaves, and hibiscus flowers in ethanolic extracts, analyzing through the simplex-centroid design, the induction periods (IP) and rate constants (k) of the biodiesel oxidation reaction at 110 °C. Antioxidant activity was observed in all extracts, either decreasing k or increasing the IP. The mathematical models obtained showed coefficients of determination greater than 0.9400, a non-significant lack of fit at the 5% level, and low dispersion between predicted and experimental data, indicating that the 1st order reaction fit was appropriate and can be used for predictive purposes. In this work, the optimization was performed with maximization of IP and minimization of k showing that the mixture containing 25% of jabuticaba peels extract and 75% of gabiroba leaves extract was the most suitable, because proportionally increased the IP and decreased k of the biodiesel oxidation reaction. It is possible to suggest the use of jabuticaba peels extract or gabiroba leaves extract as well as various combinations between them as antioxidant additives.

Abstract Background: The use of doxorubicin in chemotherapy has been associated with cardiotoxicity and heart failure. Physical exercise produces favorable morphofunctional adaptations in the cardiovascular system and may reverse cardiac dysfunction in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Objective: To assess the effects of physical training on myocardial structure, cardiac function, and exercise tolerance in Wistar rats initiated after the onset of cardiotoxicity-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: This study investigated 30 adult male Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups: control (C), exercise (EX), doxorubicin (DX), and doxorubicin and exercise (DXEX). The DX and DXEX groups received six doses of doxorubincin from 1.25 mg/kg body weight up to a cumulative dose of 7.5 mg/kg. Injections were administered intraperitoneally three times a week for two weeks; after this stage, the EX and DXEX groups started physical training (swimming) sessions three times a week with a load of 5% of their body weight. Echocardiography and exercise tolerance tests were performed. Generalized linear models were used in statistical analysis, and a p<0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: Left ventricular shortening fraction and ejection fraction were reduced in the DX group compared to C, EX, and DXEX. The DXEX group showed greater tolerance to effort when compared to the DX and C groups. Conclusion: Physical training, initiated after the onset of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, improved cardiac function and exercise tolerance in rats.

COVID-19 is currently the most critical disease in the world. Thus, several tools have been used in the last two years to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In this perspective, Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) provides valuable data by including symptomatic, pre-symptomatic, and asymptomatic individuals and anticipating clinical cases. For 37 weeks, the SARS-CoV-2 viral load was monitored in sanitary sewage samples from Goiânia-Brazil. Through pre-concentration, extraction, and purification of viral RNA, followed by RT-qPCR, it was detected in 83.78% (31/37) of the weeks the presence of fragments of the genetic material SARS-CoV-2 with viral loads ranging from 105 to 108 genome copies L-1. The viral load in the wastewater samples was related to the clinical data of the municipality, demonstrating its ability to promote an Early Warning System (EWS). In early 2022, it was possible to predict the increase in clinical cases 3 weeks in advance and issue an alert note to the health authorities. Prevalence estimates ranged from 0.003 to 0.5% and showed good agreement with observed values. Thus, monitoring effluents become another essential tool that can help combat the pandemic’s advance, especially in countries with scarce resources.

Sodium chloride is used in the cheese salting process as it promotes sensory changes and food preservation. However, in excess can cause hypertension problems, and for this reason, it has been partially replaced by potassium chloride. In the present work, Prato cheese was subjected to joint diffusion of NaCl and KCl by immersion in static and stirred brine. The salt concentration values on the cheese surface were determined as a function of time. They were tabulated and presented to the self-organizing map (SOM)-type neural networks and the multilayer perceptron (MLP) for analysis and modeling of the film formed on the surface of the cheese during static and dynamic salting. The SOM network showed that the behavior of the diffusive process, on the surface of the cheese, depends on the analyzed position and that the points in which occupy similar positions, concerning the distance from the edge, have similar behavior. Regression models for NaCl and KCl were significant at the 5% level and can be used for predictive purposes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a dor abdominal intermitente em pacientes com vasculite por IgA e sua relação com dados demográficos, manifestações clínicas e tratamentos. Métodos: Um estudo de coorte retrospectiva incluiu 322 pacientes com vasculite por IgA (critérios EULAR/PRINTO/PRES) em uma Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica durante 32 anos. Dezesseis pacientes foram excluídos em razão de dados incompletos. A dor abdominal intermitente foi caracterizada por nova dor abdominal difusa após resolução completa no primeiro mês da doença. Resultados: Dor abdominal intermitente foi observada em 35/306 (11%) dos pacientes com vasculite por IgA. A mediana entre a primeira e a segunda dor abdominal foi 10 dias (3–30 dias). O principal tratamento incluiu glicocorticoide [n=26/35 (74%)] e/ou ranitidina [n=22/35 (63%)]. Análises adicionais mostraram que a frequência da púrpura/petéquia intermitente (37 vs. 21%; p=0,027) e a mediana da duração da púrpura/petéquia [20 (3–90) vs. 14 (1–270) dias; p=0,014] foram significativamente maiores em pacientes com vasculite por IgA com dor abdominal intermitente em comparação com aqueles sem essa condição. Sangramento gastrointestinal (49 vs. 13%; p<0,001), nefrite (71 vs. 45%; p=0,006), uso de glicocorticoides (74 vs. 44%; p=0,001) e de imunoglobulina endovenosa (6 vs. 0%; p=0,036) também foram maiores no primeiro grupo. A frequência do uso de ranitidina foi significativamente maior em pacientes com vasculite por IgA com dor abdominal intermitente versus sem dor (63 vs. 28%; p<0,001), ao passo que a mediana da duração do uso de ranitidina foi reduzida no primeiro grupo [35 (2–90) vs. 60 (5–425) dias; p=0,004]. Conclusões: Dor abdominal intermitente ocorreu em, aproximadamente, um décimo dos pacientes com vasculite por IgA, nos primeiros 30 dias da doença, e foi associada a manifestações clínicas graves. Este estudo sugere, portanto, que esses pacientes devem ser seguidos rigorosamente com avaliação clínica e laboratorial, principalmente durante o primeiro mês da doença.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess intermittent abdominal pain in IgA vasculitis patients and its relation to demographic data, clinical manifestations and treatments. Methods: A retrospective cohort study included 322 patients with IgA vasculitis (EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria) seen at the Pediatric Rheumatology Unit in the last 32 years. Sixteen patients were excluded due to incomplete data in medical charts. Intermittent abdominal pain was characterized by new abdominal pain after complete resolution in the first month of disease. Results: Intermittent abdominal pain was observed in 35/306 (11%) IgA vasculitis patients. The median time between first and second abdominal pain was 10 days (3–30 days). The main treatment of intermittent abdominal pain included glucocorticoid [n=26/35 (74%)] and/or ranitidine [n=22/35 (63%)]. Additional analysis showed that the frequency of intermittent purpura/petechiae (37 vs. 21%; p=0.027) and the median of purpura/petechiae duration [20 (3–90) vs. 14 (1–270) days; p=0.014] were significantly higher in IgA vasculitis patients with intermittent abdominal pain compared to those without. Gastrointestinal bleeding (49 vs. 13%; p<0.001), nephritis (71 vs. 45%; p=0.006), glucocorticoid (74 vs. 44%; p=0.001) and intravenous immunoglobulin use (6 vs. 0%; p=0.036) were also significantly higher in the former group. The frequency of ranitidine use was significantly higher in IgA vasculitis patients with intermittent abdominal pain versus without (63 vs. 28%; p<0.001), whereas the median of ranitidine duration was reduced in the former group [35 (2–90) vs. 60 (5–425) days; p=0.004]. Conclusions: Intermittent abdominal pain occurred in nearly a tenth of IgA vasculitis patients, in the first 30 days of disease, and was associated with other severe clinical features. Therefore, this study suggests that these patients should be followed strictly with clinical and laboratorial assessment, particularly during the first month of disease course.

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the occlusal and internal marginal adaptation of inlay restorations made of different materials, using CAD-CAM. Methods Preparations were made for MOD inlays of one-third intercuspal width and 4 mm depth in 30 third human molars. The teeth were restored using CAD-CAM materials (n=10) of nanoceramic resin (Lava Ultimate), polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (VITA ENAMIC), or lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD). The specimens were cemented with dual resin cement and sectioned at the center of the restoration, after which the two halves were evaluated, and photographed The occlusal and internal discrepancy (µm) was determined at five points: cavosurface angle of the occlusal-facial wall (CA-O); center of the facial wall (FW); faciopulpal angle (FPA); center of the pulpal wall (PW); and center of the lingual wall (LW). The data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis and the Dunn tests (α=0.05). Results No difference was observed among the materials regarding the occlusal discrepancy at the CA-O, FPA, or PW internal points. The e.max CAD measurement at FW showed larger internal discrepancy than that of Lava (p=0.02). The internal discrepancy at LW was greater for e.max CAD than VITA ENAMIC (p=0.02). Conclusion Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic presented greater internal discrepancy in relation to the surrounding walls of the inlay preparations.

Biodiesel is a biofuel produced by the esterification reaction. It is an option to replace fossil fuels, mainly diesel, due to its similar physical and chemical properties. In this research, a mathematical modeling was performed to predict the antioxidant mass to be added in a commercial biodiesel to achieve the minimum oxidative stability provided by the legislation. An equation for each additive was proposed, with the mass of these antioxidants considered as dependent variables and the conformity parameters as independent ones, obtaining multiple regression equations without intercept. The BHA and BHT antioxidants were used. The equations provided were lower at the 5% level and presented determination coefficients (R2) equal to 0.9790 and 0.9770 for the BHA and BHT, respectively, proving their predictability ability and also showing that they can be used to estimate the antioxidant mass to be added in a biodiesel to reach the current regulations.

RESUMO O emprego de abordagens baseadas em Gestão Adaptativa representa uma oportunidade para o aperfeiçoamento da Etapa de Acompanhamento da Avaliação de Impacto, considerando as afinidades conceituais que existem entre suas estruturas. Na prática, há casos que demonstram o aumento da capacidade adaptativa baseado em aprendizado experiencial, o que requer arranjos de governança que sejam capazes de garantir o efetivo envolvimento das diversas partes da sociedade no próprio processo de tomada de decisão. De toda forma, a Gestão Adaptativa é uma abordagem promissora, o que não pode significar o desrespeito aos princípios da precaução e da prevenção que fundamentam os processos de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental, servindo de mero paliativo para situações cujos impactos ambientais poderiam ter sido previstos e evitados.

ABSTRACT Approaches based on adaptive management are an opportunity to improve the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) follow-up, considering the conceptual affinities between their structures. Some cases demonstrate an increase in adaptive capacity, based on experiential learning, despite a lack of governance arrangements able to guarantee the effective involvement of different parts of society in the decision-making process. Finally, adaptive management is a promising approach for EIA follow-up, which does not mean abrogating the principles of precaution and prevention that underlie EIA processes, serving as a mere palliative for situations whose environmental impacts might have been predicted and prevented.

RESUMO A vigilância da qualidade dos esgotos sanitários pode representar uma ferramenta complementar para monitoramento de doenças infecciosas e prevenção de surtos epidêmicos, especialmente quando a capacidade para testes clínicos é limitada. Dessa maneira, o presente estudo descreve o detalhamento técnico de um método de baixo custo para a concentração e extração de ácidos nucleicos de amostras de esgoto sanitário como etapa prévia para a detecção de vírus e outros agentes patogênicos. Para validar a metodologia proposta, após as etapas de concentração e extração, analisaram-se a presença do ácido ribonucleico do SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) nas amostras, por meio de reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real. O ácido ribonucleico do vírus foi detectado em 80% das amostras de esgoto sanitário analisadas, comprovando o êxito do procedimento metodológico adotado. A detecção precoce de um patógeno associado ao trabalho de equipes multidisciplinares possibilita a prática da vigilância epidemiológica, que auxilia na tomada de decisões na Saúde Única — união indissociável entre a saúde animal, humana e ambiental.

ABSTRACT Sewage quality surveillance can represent a complementary tool for monitoring infectious diseases and preventing epidemic outbreaks, especially when the capacity for clinical testing is limited. Thus, the present study describes the technical details of a low-cost method for concentrating and extracting nucleic acids from sewage samples, as a preliminary step for the detection of viruses and other pathogens. To validate the proposed methodology, after the concentration and extraction steps, the presence of the SARS coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) in the samples was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The virus’ ribonucleic acid was detected in 80% of the sewage samples analyzed, proving the success of the methodological procedure adopted. The early detection of a pathogen associated with the work of multidisciplinary teams allows the practice of epidemiological surveillance, which assists in making decisions about One Health — an inseparable union between animal, human, and environmental health.

Resumo: Atualmente, no Brasil, aproximadamente 3 milhões de crianças de 0 a 3 anos de idade encontram-se matriculadas em instituições escolares. Porém, dado inúmeras concepções que norteiam o desenvolvimento infantil, muitos educadores dessa faixa etária permanecem imbuídos por ideias distorcidas, tornando-se alheios à sua importância social e, principalmente, para com o pleno desenvolvimento do sujeito. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa investigar o impacto da formação dos profissionais de educação que trabalham com crianças de 0 a 2 anos de idade para o contexto educacional em que atuam. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação, da qual participaram 19 auxiliares de educação responsáveis pelo atendimento de 71 crianças entre 4 e 24 meses de idade, em escolas de uma rede pública municipal. A investigação ocorreu em 3 etapas: exploratória, de ação e de avaliação. Este artigo apresenta uma das etapas desenvolvidas, a etapa exploratória. Atividades integradas e complementares compuseram a coleta de dados nesta etapa, entre elas: entrevista aberta em grupo focal, sessões de observação participante em sala de aula, revisão de documentos, entrevista semiestruturada individual e um teste situacional. As respostas obtidas durante as etapas foram categorizadas de acordo com seu conteúdo, o que possibilitou o tratamento das informações. Entre os resultados encontrados neste momento concluiu-se que o contexto educacional em questão permanecia fundamentado por concepções assistencialistas, as quais determinavam uma série de comportamentos que influenciavam o atendimento às crianças pequenas; o não conhecimento do como ocorre o desenvolvimento da criança pequena por parte das participantes não propiciava práticas favoráveis a criança; a desvalorização das profissionais de educação não as levava a notar sua importância frente ao desenvolvimento das crianças de 0 a 2 anos de idade.

Abstract: Currently, in Brazil, approximately 3 million children aged 0 to 3 years old are enrolled in school institutions. However, given the accumulation of concepts that guide child development, many educators in this age group remain imbued with distorted ideas, becoming alien to their social importance and, mainly, to the full development of the subject. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of the training of education professionals who work with children from 0 to 2 years of age for the educational context in which they work. This is an action research, with the participation of 19 education assistants responsible for the care of 71 children between 4 and 24 months of age, in schools of a public municipal network. The investigation took place in 3 stages: exploratory, action and evaluation. This article presents one of the stages developed, the exploratory stage. Integrated and complementary activities comprised data collection at this stage, including: open interview in a focus group, collection of participant observation in the classroom, document review, individual semi-structured interview and a situational test. The corresponding responses during the stages were categorized according to their content, which made it possible to process the information. Among the results found at this moment, it was found that the educational context in question remained based on assistentialist conceptions, such as which determined a series of behaviors that influenced the care of young children; the lack of knowledge of how the development of the young child occurs on the part of the participants did not provide child-friendly practices; the devaluation of education professionals was not as it led to notice its importance in the development of children from 0 to 2 years old.

Abstract A highly efficient tool that has stood out in data processing and treatment is Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Self-organized maps (SOM), which is a type of ANNs, are easy-to-view computational models that simulate information processing and knowledge acquisition. Applying this tool, we analyzed the behavior of the film formed on the mozzarella cheese surface when subjected to salting by immersion. In order to reduce the amount of NaCl in the food, KCl was used as a partial substitute in adequate amounts, without causing sensory changes in the cheese. The diffusion of salts in the brine is caused by the transfer of sodium and potassium ions, induced by concentration gradient of these salts inside and outside the food. The application of artificial neural networks proved to be an effective tool in the evaluation of the influence of the film on the diffusion process of Na+ and K+ ions, in the mozzarella cheese salting.

Abstract Problems related to high blood pressure have led consumers to choose foods with low levels of sodium chloride, and an alternative to reduce the salt content of this salt is its partial replacement with KCl. In order to not affect the sensory properties of cheese, salting was performed using a solution containing 70% of NaCl and 30% of KCl in a static and dynamic system. During the salting process by immersion, the mass transfer is affected by the formation of a film on the cheese surface. The analysis of the diffusion of salts in the film can be performed using self-organizing map (SOM) combined with the Finite Element Method (FEM). Through these tools, a greater influence of the film was observed when the static system was applied and that the diffusion is different according to the studied position. On the biosolid sides the diffusion was more pronounced than in the center, indicating a decrease in the film thickness towards the edges. The SOM combined with 3D modeling showed to be an efficient tool to investigate the formation, influence and behavior of the film during the diffusion of Na+ and K+ on salting of Prato cheese.

Biodiesel contains unsaturated methyl esters making it susceptible to oxidation reaction. Among the factors that cause oxidative instability is the contamination by transition metal ions that in small quantities catalyze the oxidation reaction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relative protection factor of rosemary extract, in biodiesel, in the presence of transition metal ions. Chromatographic analysis and characterization of biodiesel were performed as well as the quantification of total phenolic compounds and extract activity. The ions Cr3+, Co2+ and Fe2+, at a concentration of 3.95 x 10-3 mol L-1, were added to the biodiesel with and without rosemary extract. The samples were submitted to the Rancimat test and to infrared region analyses. The infrared region spectra of the samples with Cr3+ are in accordance with the least catalytic power of this ion under the biodiesel oxidation. Samples with Co2+ ions, without extract, presented bands of aldehydes, and samples with Fe2+ ions show the formation of peroxide radicals, without rosemary extract at 48h. The antioxidant effect of the extract in biodiesel is observed by the reduction of the induction period of the samples. The relative protection factor proved to be a good tool to evaluate its efficiency.

Biodiesel is a suitable alternative to replace the petro-diesel. The biodiesel is formed by unsaturated esters easily degraded by interferences of oxygen, temperature, contact with metals or contaminants. The aim of this research was to investigate the biodiesel degradation process via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, observing the olefinic, bis-allylic and allylic protons signals of the chemical bonds, and by the induction period of the Rancimat. Biodiesel samples with metallic ions (Fe and Cu) and with rosemary natural extract were analyzed. The metal compounds showed a catalytic effect in the samples and the rosemary natural extract showed to be efficient by retarding the degradation process. The extract was ineffective in the presence of iron. Through the 1H NMR spectra was possible to observe changes in the signal intensities of the olefinic, bis-allylic and allylic protons as well as the formation of oxidation products in the biodiesel in the degradation process.

Biodiesel contains esters in its composition which make it susceptible to oxidation. Among the factors that cause this reaction is the contamination with metal ions. In the present work, it was analyzed biodiesel samples obtained from a mixture containing 39.0% m/m soybean oil, 22.0% m/m beef tallow and 39.0% m/m poultry fat using a methyl route. Copper ions were added to the biodiesel to evaluate its catalytic action in the oxidation reaction, in the presence and absence of rosemary extract. During 192 h of assay, samples containing copper, without extract, showed shorter induction periods, higher rate constants and lower activation energy, when compared to samples containing extract, at the same assay temperature. Copper ions presented a strong catalytic action causing linearity deviations showing a super-Arrhenius behavior, while rosemary extract delayed the oxidative process and showed no linearity deviations.