RESUMO: Este estudo discute as causas de morte de aves registradas em um pequeno criadouro de umas poucas espécies de aves silvestres exóticas. As mortes de 28 aves foram examinadas em um período de cinco anos. Cerca de 40% dos casos ocorreram na primeira semana de vida de filhotes das duas espécies mais numerosas no plantel e essas perdas foram consequentes à desnutrição por falhas no manejo nutricional. Outros 28% de casos ocorreram em aves, recentemente introduzidas, ou em fase de adaptação, no criadouro. Ainda que as aves do plantel sejam frequentemente dosificadas com anti-helmínticos, 21% das mortes no plantel foram secundárias a doenças parasitárias; a maioria afetou aves recentemente adquiridas. Exceto por três mortes que foram associadas com desordens atribuídas à idade avançada, todas as demais foram associadas com inadequações no manejo das aves. Esses resultados sugerem que, em sistemas dessa natureza, as aves recém-nascidas e as recém-introduzidas são categorias críticas que demandam concentração de esforços para o atendimento sistemático de suas necessidades. Tais dados podem ser aplicáveis em iniciativas de conservação de outras espécies e podem justificar, ainda que parcialmente, a manutenção desses animais, em cativeiro.

ABSTRACT: This study discusses the causes of bird deaths recorded in a small aviary dedicated to the breeding of a few exotic, wild bird species. Findings from 28 birds were examined over a period of five years. About 40% of the deaths occurred in the first two weeks after hatching in the two most numerous species in the flock and such losses were mainly a result of starvation caused by inadequate nutritional management. Additionally, 28% of the cases affected recently introduced birds. Despite frequent treatment with anthelmintics; a total of 21% of the deaths in the flock could be attributed to parasitic diseases, most of them in recently acquired birds. Only three of the deaths could be associated with advanced age, all of the further cases were also attributable to management fails. Our results indicated that propagation of these and other species requires an improvement of the management of the newly hatched and newcomer birds to considerably enhance the flock’s performance. Such information may be useful in conservation initiatives and may justify, at least in part, captivity of these animals.

SUMMARY Giardia duodenalis is an enteric parasite that has distinct genetic groups. Human infections are mainly caused by assemblages A and B, although sporadic infections by assemblages C and D have also been reported. Animals can be infected by a wide range of assemblages (A to H). The aim of this study is to identify the assemblages and sub-assemblages of G. duodenalis with zoonotic features in fecal samples of school-aged children, and in dogs that coexist in the same households in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Fecal samples of 91 children and 108 dogs were obtained and G. duodenalis cysts were detected in samples from 11 (12.08%) children and 10 (9.25%) dogs. DNA extracted from the 21 positive samples was analyzed by PCR-RFLP, using the gdh gene. Results showed the presence of sub-assemblages AI (2/11), AII (4/11), BIII (2/11), and BIV(3/11) among children and AI (5/10) and BIV(3/10) in dogs, with zoonotic characteristics, and the carnivore specific assemblage C (2/10). G. duodenalis was found to infect both children and dogs living in the same household, with the same sub-assemblage (BIV) indicating that pet dogs are a potential risk of transmission of G. duodenalis to humans.

INTRODUCTION : Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. It is transmitted by the ingestion of contaminated water and foods, by soil contaminated with cat feces, especially while handling it, and congenitally via the placenta. The diagnosis of maternal infection is made by serological detection of either IgM or IgG antibodies. This study assessed the seropositivity in pregnant women followed up by the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: The study was performed in 19 FHS units and included 148 childbearing women. The outcomes evaluated were IgM and IgG seropositivity and behavioral variables. RESULTS: IgG yielded positive results in 16% of the pregnant women, whereas IgM was positive in only 1%. CONCLUSIONS: The 1% IgM positivity rate for T. gondii indicates congenital toxoplasmosis is not common in Lages.

Com o objetivo de contribuir com dados sobre freqüência de anticorpos para Toxoplasma em felinos domiciliados da cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, soros de 245 animais foram testados pelas técnicas sorológicas de Hemaglutinação Indireta (HAI) e Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI). Informações sobre o animal, tais como raça, sexo, idade, acesso ou não à rua e tipo de alimentação, foram avaliadas por meio de questionário epidemiológico e análise estatística para correlacionar com os resultados obtidos na sorologia. Os resultados dos testes mostraram que os valores encontrados foram de 26,9% (HAI) e 37,9% (IFI), inferindo que esses gatos em algum momento de sua vida foram fonte de contaminação ambiental, sendo eliminadores potenciais de oocistos, principalmente aqueles que tiveram livre acesso à rua.

The sera of 245 cats from Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, were tested by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) in order to determine the frequency of Toxoplasma antibodies. Information such as breed, sex, age and access or not to the street and dietary habits were assessed using an epidemiological questionnaire and also statistical analysis for correlation with the serological results obtained. The test results showed rates of 26,9 and 37,9% for IHA and IIF, respectively, suggesting that these cats have acted as a source of environmental contamination at some time during the course of their lifetime, possibly shedding oocysts, especially those with free access to the street.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in common rhea (Rhea americana) living in captivity in the zoological park of the Zoobotanical Foundation of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in fecal smears of common rhea and in water samples by using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. The morphometric analysis of coccidia revealed small spherical oocysts, measuring, on average, 4.91 [im x 4.91 fim, and a length/width ratio of 1. The detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in fecal and water samples is important as it can indicate the transmission and maintenance of cryptosporidiosis in susceptible hosts. This is the first report of Cryptosporidium spp. in R. americana in Brazil.

Este estudo objetivou avahar a ocorrência de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em emas (Rhea americana) cativas no Parque Zoológico da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. Foram identificados oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em esfregaços de fezes de emas e em amostras de agua, coradas pela técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada. A análise morfométrica dos coccídeos revelou pequeños oocistos esféricos medindo, em media, 4,91 um X 4,91 \im e relação comprimento/largura de razão 1. A confirmação da prêsera de oocistos ñas amostras de fezes e de agua é relevante pelo potencial de transmissão e manutenção da criptosporidiose em hospedeiros susceptíveis. Este é o primeiro relato de Cryptosporidium spp. em R. americana no Brasil.

The prevalence of ectoparasites and endoparasites was studied in 5 8free-living pigeons (Columba livia) in urban areas of Lages, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The pigeons were visually inspected and fecal and blood samples were collected to determine the presence of ectoparasites. The serological diagnosis was established through the use of blood smears stained with Quick Panoptic and Giemsa methods. The fecal samples were analyzed using Sheather 's method. The Quick Panoptic andGiemsa methods detected 67.24% (39/58) and46.55% (27/58) ofHaemoproteussp, respectively. The prevalence rate amounted to 57% of 116 smears analyzed (P value=0.0387; odds ratio = 2.357 with a 95% confidence interval). The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 74.14% (43/58). Protozoa (100% for Eimeria sp.) were detected in 86.05% of the cases and nematodes (Ascaridia sp. and Capillaria sp.) in 32.56%, whereas 20.93% of the pigeons were infected by multiple parasites. The fly Pseudolynchia canariensis was found beneath the feathers of all pigeons. This is the first report of parasites in C. livia in the state of Santa Catarina.

A prevaléncia de ecto e endoparasitos de 58 pombos (Columba livia) de vida livre foi estudada em áreas urbanas de Lages, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os pombos foram submetidos ao exame visual para a coleta e identificação de ectoparasites, coletas de fezes e sangue. O diagnóstico hemoparasitológico foi através de esfregacos sanguíneos corados pelas técnicas de Panótico Rápido e Giemsa. As fezes foram processadas pelo método de Sheather. Entre os hemoparasitos destacou-se o Haemoproteus sp., com 67,24% (39/58) para a técnica de Panótico Rápido e 46,55% (27/58) para a técnica de Giemsa. Dos 116 esfregaços analisados, a prevalência foi de 57% (P = 0,0387; Odds Ratio = 2,357 e Intervalo de Confiaça de 95%). A prevalência de parásitos gastrintestinais foi de 74,14% (43/58) com 86,05% para protozoários (100% para Eimeria sp.), 32,56% para nematódeos (Ascaridia sp. e Capillaria sp.) e 20,93% multiparasitados. A presença da mosca Pseudolynchia canarienses foi observada entre as penas de todas as aves. Este é o primeiro registro destes parásitos em C. livia no estado de Santa Catarina.

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepática among sheep in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, by reviewing slaughter and liver condemnation data obtained from the Federal Inspection Service, afflliated with the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Supply, for years 2000 to 2005. Liver condemnation amounted to 14.57% (18,072/ 124,078) in 2000,10.14% (11,998/118,332) in 2001,10.96% (11,372/103,762) in 2002, 9.96% (10,802/ 108,461) in 2003, 5.42% (6,245/114,596) in 2004, and 2.27% (2,750/121,172) in 2005. The overall prevalence of liver condemnation due to F. hepática corresponded to 8.87% (61.239/690.361). In conclusion, fascioliosis was found to be prevalent among sheep in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and to account for major economic losses to farmers, meat packing plants and to the government.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência de Fasciola hepática em ovinos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, através de laudos de abate e condenação de fígados ovinos. Os dados de condenação de 2000 a 2005 foram obtidos do Servico de Inspeção Federal (SIF) do Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento (MAPA). No ano de 2000 foi de 14,57% (18.072/124.078); em 2001 foi de 10,14% (11.998/118.332); em 2002 foi de 10,96% (11.372/103.762); em 2003 foi de 9,96% (10.802/108.461); em 2004 foi de 5,42% (6.245/ 114.596) e em 2005 foi de 2,27% (2.750/ 121.172). A prevalência geral de condenação de fígados por F. hepática foi de 8,87% (61.239/ 690.361). Conclui-se que a fasciolose ovina é prevalente no Rio Grande do Sul, acarretando perdas para os produtores, frigoríficos e para o Estado.

The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites in inhabitants of Concórdia, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Were analyzed the results of 9,024 stool coproparasitological performed in 2000, 2001 and in the first half of 2002. The overall prevalence rate was 12.6% (1,142); in 2000 was 14.5% (699) with a higher frequency of Ascaris lumbricoides (21.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (17.6%) and Giardia lamblia (15.9%); in 2001 was 11.6% (383) with rates of 23.7%, 17% and 15.2% for A. lumbricoides, S. stercoralis and G. lamblia, respectively; in the first half of 2002 revealed a prevalence of 6.7% (60) and high infection rates for S. stercoralis (28.3%) and Entamoeba coli (18.3%). This prevalence is similar to that observed in other Brazilian regions, showing the necessity for the monitoring and surveillance of health conditions

Este estudo avalia a prevalência de parasitos intestinais na população de Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram analisados 9024 resultados de exames coproparasitológicos de 2000, 2001 e 1º semestre de 2002. O coeficiente geral de prevalência foi de 12,6% (1142). Em 2000 foi de 14,5% (699) com maior freqüência para Ascaris. lumbricoides (21,3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (17,6%) e Giardia lamblia (15,9%); em 2001 foi de 11,6% (383) com taxas de 23,7%, 17% e 15,2%, para A. lumbricoides, S. stercoralis e G. lamblia, respectivamente; no 1º semestre de 2002 mostraram prevalência de 6,7% (60) e índices de infecções mais elevados para S. stercoralis (28,3%) e E. coli (18,3%). Esta prevalência é similar à encontrada em outras regiões brasileiras, mostrando que há necessidade de acompanhamento das condições de saúde

We examined 482 livers, 377 from cattle and 105 from buffaloes slaughtered at a meat packing plant between April 1999 and November 1999, in Viamão, a town in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil. The cattle slaughtered at the meat packing plant belonged to eleven towns: Cachoeira do Sul, Cachoeirinha, Capivari do Sul, Charqueadas, Encruzilhada do Sul, Ibiraiaras, Palmares do Sul, Pantâno Grande, Rio Pardo, Tupanciretã and Viamão. The buffaloes belonged to the following towns: Encruzilhada do Sul, Ibiraiaras, Parobé, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, and Uruguaiana. The occurrence rate of Fasciola hepatica was 10.34% for cattle in seven of the eleven towns included in the study (63.6%) and 20% for buffaloes in four of the five towns (80%). In terms of age, the occurrence rate was 81% for buffaloes with up to two years of life and 19% for buffaloes older than two years. The livestock from Cachoeira do Sul, Capivari do Sul, Ibiraiaras and Tupanciretã were not infected with bovine fascioliasis, and the buffaloes from Uruguaiana were not infected either. The studied areas may represent important endemic regions to fasciolosis, showing that zoonotic areas should be investigated.

Este estudo objetivou verificar a ocorrência de acidentes e características do trabalhador rural do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram utilizados 60 questionários padronizados, com dados sociodemográficos, de trabalho e acidente laboral. Predominam os chefes de família (60%), com idade entre 41 e 60 anos e os casados (68,3%), com escolaridade média entre 4 a 8 anos, sendo 97% de famílias proprietárias, com área rural acima de 8 hectares representando 83,3%. A jornada semanal de trabalho de 80% dos trabalhadores rurais ultrapassa 40 horas semanais, com 20% de ocorrência de acidentes. Os dados revelam a diversidade de atividades e de riscos ocupacionais e alertam para a urgência na abordagem da vigilância em saúde pública, onde os acidentes de trabalho no meio rural estão a merecer atenção nas políticas sociais brasileiras, além de não participarem das estatísticas oficiais do país.

The aim of the present study was to check the characteristics of agricultural workers and the incidence of work-related accidents in the west of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Sixty patterned questionnaires were used, and data on sociodemographics, work, and workplace accidents were collected. The percentage of household heads aged between 41 and 60 years amounted to 60% and that of married ones totaled 68.3%, with average school attendance between 4 and 8 years; 97% were landowners, among whom 83.3% owned more than 8 hectares. The average weekly workload of 80% of agricultural workers exceeds 40 hours, with a 20% incidence of workplace accidents. These data show the variety of activities and occupational hazards and point out an urgent need for public health surveillance, since accidents involving agricultural workers usually do not appear in the official statistics and still have to be addressed by Brazilian social policies.