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Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.
; Dalto, Adriana G.
; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.
; Valerio, Aline M.
; Detoni, Amalia M. S.
; Bonecker, Ana C. T.
; Signori, Camila N.
; Namiki, Cláudia
; Sasaki, Dalton K.
; Pupo, Daniel V.
; Silva, Danilo A.
; Kutner, Deborah S.
; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.
; Marcon, Eduardo H.
; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.
; Paula, Fabiana S.
; Gallucci, Fabiane
; Roque, Gabriela C. F.
; Campos, Giulia S.
; Fonseca, Gustavo
; Mattos, Gustavo
; Lavrado, Helena P.
; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da
; Costa, Jessica O.
; Santos Filho, João R. dos
; Carneiro, Juliane C.
; Moreira, Julio C.F.
; Rozo, Laura
; Araujo, Leandro F.M.
; Lazzari, Letícia
; Silva, Letícia O. da
; Michelazzo, Luan S.
; Fernandes, Luciano F.
; Dottori, Marcelo
; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de
; Chuqui, Mateus G.
; Ceccopieri, Milena
; Borges-Silva, Milton
; Kampel, Milton
; Bergo, Natascha M.
; Silva, Paulo V. M.
; Tura, Pedro M.
; Moura, Rafael B. de
; Romano, Renato G.
; Martins, Renato P.
; Carreira, Renato S.
; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.
; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.
; Disaró, Sibelle T.
; Rodrigues, Silvana V.
; Corbisier, Thais N.
; Vicente, Thaisa M.
; Paiva, Vitor G. de
; Pellizari, Vivian H.
; Belo, Wellington C.
; Brandini, Frederico P.
; Sousa, Silvia H.M
.
Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.
2.
Plasmodium vivax metacaspase 1 (PvMCA1) catalytic domain is conserved in field isolates from Brazilian Amazon
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de Souza, Hugo Amorim dos Santos
; Escafa, Victor Fernandes
; Blanco, Carolina Moreira
; Baptista, Bárbara de Oliveira
; de Barros, Jenifer Peixoto
; Riccio, Evelyn Ketty Pratt
; Rodrigues, Aline Beatriz Mello
; Melo, Gisely Cardoso de
; Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães de
; de Souza, Rodrigo Medeiros
; Lima-Junior, Josué da Costa
; Guimarães, Ana Carolina Ramos
; da Mota, Fabio Faria
; da Silva, João Hermínio Martins
; Daniel-Ribeiro, Cláudio Tadeu
; Pratt-Riccio, Lilian Rose
; Totino, Paulo Renato Rivas
.
In the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax metacaspase 1 (PvMCA1) catalytic domain in two municipalities of the main malaria hotspot in Brazil, i.e., the Juruá Valley, and observed complete sequence identity among all P. vivax field isolates and the Sal-1 reference strain. Analysis of PvMCA1 catalytic domain in different P. vivax genomic sequences publicly available also revealed a high degree of conservation worldwide, with very few amino acid substitutions that were not related to putative histidine and cysteine catalytic residues, whose involvement with the active site of protease was herein predicted by molecular modeling. The genetic conservation presented by PvMCA1 may contribute to its eligibility as a druggable target candidate in vivax malaria.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760200584
202 downloads
3.
In silico Risk Assessment Studies of New Psychoactive Substances Derived from Amphetamines and Cathinones
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Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Métricas do periódico
The amount and variety of new psychoactive substances (NPS) are expanding, and there are difficulties in assessing their risks. In this regard, in silico methods are potentially useful to predict NPS properties faster and at a lower cost. In this work a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was used to verify the risk of drugs derived from amphetamines and cathinones. A dataset of 26 derivatives with in vitro affinity for norepinephrine transporter (NET) was selected. To ensure reproducibility of the results, only geometric molecular descriptors (AM1 (Austin model 1) level) obtained from the platform ChemDes and ordered predictors selection (OPS) were used. The model presents good internal statistics (n = 23; coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.914). The small number of samples was divided into seven training sets (n = 17) and seven test sets (n = 6). The average R2pred = 0.754 showed that the model has good predictive capacity. Based on the tests, this model can accurately predict the risk range of three previously selected derivatives: methedrone (low), ethcathinone (medium), and methamphetamine (high), even when only data referring to NET are employed. We used these data to create a simple free program in Java that focuses on the risk assessment of recreational drugs belonging to this class of compounds.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190258
325 downloads
4.
Molecular detection of albinism gene in Brazilian buffalo herds (Bubalus bubalis)
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Bernardino, Pedro N.
; Martins, Aline F.A.
; Barbosa, José D.
; Schild, Ana L.
; Damé, Maria Cecília F.
; Borges, Alexandre S.
; Oliveira-Filho, José P.
.
RESUMO: O Albinismo é uma doença genética caracterizada pela deficiência na produção de melanina, o que torna os animais afetados mais susceptíveis a problemas cutâneos e influencia negativamente a criação destes animais. A mutação nonsense (c.1431G>A) no gene da tyrosinase já foi descrita como responsável pelo albinismo oculocutâneo em búfalos, entretanto estudos prévios sobre a prevalência dessa mutação ainda não foram realizados no Brasil. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença desta mutação em uma população de búfalos brasileiros. Foram genotipados 315 búfalos clinicamente normais, ou seja, sem o fenótipo albino evidente. Desses, 11 (3,5%) eram heterozigotos para a mutação (N/TYR) e os demais eram homozigotos selvagens (N/N). Este resultado demonstra que o alelo mutado para o albinismo em búfalo está presente no rebanho brasileiro e aponta a importância de estudos de prevalência de enfermidades hereditárias com o objetivo de prevenir a disseminação desses alelos mutados, minimizando os prejuízos.
ABSTRACT: Albinism is a genetic disease characterized by deficient melanin production making affected animals more susceptible to skin problems, negatively influencing production systems of the same. In buffalo, a nonsense mutation (c.1431G>A) in the tyrosinase gene was already described, which is responsible for the oculocutaneous albinism buffalo phenotype. However, prevalence studies have never been performed for this anomaly in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate this mutation in buffalo herd in Brazil. Of the 315 buffalo tested with no albinism phenotype evident, 11 (3.5%) were heterozygous for the mutation and none were mutated homozygous, showing the existence of the albinism gene in buffalo production herds and proving the importance of prevalence studies for hereditary diseases in order to prevent the dissemination of these same genes and their negative productivity consequences.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6185
1578 downloads
5.
Nutritional value changes in response to temperature, microalgae mono and mixed cultures
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Militão, Frederico Pacheco
; Fernandes, Valéria de Oliveira
; Bastos, Kathiani Victor
; Martins, Aline Paternostro
; Colepicolo, Pio
; Machado, Levi Pompermayer
.
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o desenvolvimento de Pseudopediastrum boryanum (Turpin) E. Hegewald e Scenedesmus obliquus (Turpin) Kützing em cultivos unialgais e mistos, em três diferentes temperaturas, 20, 30 e 40 °C, em escala laboratorial, em termos de biomassa e composição bioquímica. Métodos O cultivo foi do tipo batelada, em meio ASM1. A densidade celular foi determinada por contagem direta em hemocitômetro a cada dois dias. As análises dos principais pigmentos se deram em dois tempos e as análises de proteínas, carboidratos, lipídeos totais e perfil de ésteres metílicos apenas ao final do experimento. Resultados Não foi registrado crescimento celular nas cepas cultivadas em 40 °C. Incremento na densidade celular (13.6 x 106 cell.mL-1) e biomassa (55 g.L-1) foram registrados na cultura unialgal de S. obliquus em 30 °C. Elevadas concentrações de proteínas (672.6 mg.g-1) foram observadas nos cultivos unialgais de P. boryanum e de S. obliquus em 20 °C e de carboidratos (6.17 mg.g-1) apenas no cultivo unialgal de P. boryanum em 30 °C. Os FAMEs (fatty acid methyl esteres) variaram significativamente em relação ao número de insaturações, sendo constituídos em sua maioria por ácidos graxos com duas ou mais insaturações. Conclusões A biomassa dos tratamentos analisados foi rica em proteínas, ácidos graxos essenciais, como o ácido linolênico, e apresentou baixo teor de carboidratos, sugerindo seu potencial uso como suplemento alimentar. Nossos resultados indicam que a cultura mista de P. boryanum e S. obliquus não foi uma condição eficiente para a produção de biomassa ou compostos bioquímicos. No entanto, algas cultivadas em consórcio apresentaram melhor estabilidade em sua composição bioquímica em resposta a mudanças de temperatura, fator importante para a produção de microalgas em lagoas abertas e para garantir a segurança alimentar. Estes resultados sugerem que os consórcios entre diferentes espécies de microalgas devem ser testados para determinar melhores metodologias para produção de biomassa e metabólitos com maior estabilidade à fatores ambientais.
Abstract Aim The response of mixed cultures and monocultures of Pseudopediastrum boryanum (Turpin) E. Hegewald and Scenedesmus obliquus (Turpin) Kützing was assessed in the laboratory at three different temperatures: 20, 30 and 40 °C. The change in biomass and biochemical composition of these cultures was evaluated. Methods Microalgae were placed in a batch culture over 21-days in ASM1 medium. Cell density was directly counted every two days using a Fuchs-Rosenthal hemocytometer. Chlorophyll ‘a’ and total carotenoids were extracted twice. Protein, carbohydrate, total lipid and fatty acid contents were determined at the end of the experiment. Results Cultures grown in 40 °C exhibited no growth. However, there was increased cell density (13.6 x 106 cell.mL-1) and biomass (55 g.L-1) in the S. obliquus monoculture at 30 °C. High protein concentrations (672.6 mg.g-1) were observed in monocultures P. boryanum and S. obliquus at 20 °C treatments. There were high carbohydrate concentrations (6.17 mg.g-1) in P. boryanum unialgal at 30 °C. There was no significant difference in total lipid content between S. obliquus (95.5 mg.g-1), P. boryanum (96.3 mg.g-1) and the mixed culture at 20 °C (105.3 mg.g-1). FAMEs varied significantly regarding the number of unsaturated components, which predominantly consisted of fatty acids with two or more unsaturated bonds. Conclusions The biomass of the treatments analyzed was rich in proteins and essential fatty acids (such as linolenic acid), yet low in carbohydrate content, suggesting its potential use as a food supplement. Our results indicate that mixed culture of P. boryanum and S. obliquus was inefficient in cultivating biomass or biochemical compounds as compared to the unialgal cultivations. However, algae grown together showed better stability in their biochemical composition in response to changes in temperature, an important factor for microalgae production in open ponds and in food safety measures. These results suggest the consortia among different species of microalgae should be tested to determine better methodologies for the production of biomass and metabolites with greater stability towards environmental factors.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x7118
1611 downloads
6.
Características epidemiológicas, clínico-patológicas e morfotintoriais de quatorze casos de nocardiose em cães
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Frade, Maria T.S.
; Firmino, Millena de O.
; Maia, Lisanka A.
; Silveira, Aline M.
; Nascimento, Maria J.R. do
; Martins, Francisco S. de M.
; Souza, Almir P. de
; Dantas, Antônio F.M.
.
RESUMO: Este artigo descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e características morfotintoriais em quatorze casos de nocardiose em cães. Para isso foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo durante o período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2015 e selecionados os casos sugestivos de nocardiose. A identificação e caracterização do agente foi realizada através de técnicas histoquímicas especiais de Metenamina nitrato de prata de Grocott (GMS), Ziehl-Neelsen modificado, coloração de Gram do tipo Brown-Brenn modificado e Giemsa. Foram afetados predominantemente filhotes e em doze casos havia associação com o vírus da cinomose canina (VCC). Os sinais clínicos variaram de alterações respiratórias, neurológicas e cutâneas, relacionadas principalmente à infecção concomitante pelo VCC. Macroscopicamente haviam áreas multifocais a coalescentes, branco-amareladas, firmes, elevadas na superfície e que se aprofundavam ao corte, por vezes com material purulento, entremeadas por áreas avermelhadas irregulares afetando principalmente pulmões, linfonodos, fígado, rins e encéfalo. As lesões cutâneas foram observadas predominantemente nas regiões cervical e inguinal e variaram de supurativas a piogranulomatosas. No exame histopatológico a lesão era caracterizada principalmente por inflamação piogranulomatosa, porém em algumas áreas havia predomínio de inflamação necrossupurativa, e frequentemente eram observados macrófagos epitelioides, formando aglomerados de forma radiada, muitas vezes lembrando pseudorosetas. Nas técnicas histoquímicas foram observadas estruturas filamentosas, ramificadas, não septadas, medindo aproximadamente 1µm de espessura, impregnadas na coloração de prata, coradas em vermelho no Ziehl-Neelsen modificado, em azul na coloração de Gram do tipo Brown-Brenn modificado e fracamente rósea pálido no Giemsa. A nocardiose deve ser considerada em animais jovens que apresentam sinais respiratórios e neurológicos progressivos, bem como em lesões cutâneas com envolvimento do subcutâneo e linfonodos regionais. Deve ser investigado ainda um provável fator predisponente, como a infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina e hemoparasitoses. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido através do exame histopatológico baseando-se na morfologia da bactéria e suas características histoquímicas, distinguindo principalmente de outros agentes bacterianos e fúngicos, constituindo uma importante ferramenta para o diagnóstico, quando não é possível a coleta do material para cultivo e isolamento do agente.
ABSTRACT: This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and morphotinctorial characteristics in fourteen cases of nocardiosis in dogs. A retrospective study for the period of January 2005 to December 2015 was made and selected suggestive cases of nocardiosis. The identification and characterization of the agent was performed by special histochemical techniques Methenamine silver nitrate Grocott (GMS), modified Ziehl-Neelsen, Gram stain type modified Brown-Brenn and Giemsa. Were affected predominantly young and in twelve cases were associated with canine distemper virus (CDV). Clinical signs vary from respiratory, neurological and skin changes, mainly related to concomitant infection by CDV. Macroscopically had multifocal areas coalescing, yellowish-white, firm, elevated in surface and deepened the court, sometimes with purulent material, intermixed by irregular reddened areas affecting mainly lungs, lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, and brain. The cutaneous lesions were predominantly observed in cervical and inguinal and ranged from suppurative well as pyogranulomatous. In the histopathologic examination the injury was mainly characterized by inflammation pyogranulomatous, but in some areas there was a predominance of necrossupurativa inflammation, epithelioid macrophages and were frequently observed, forming clusters radiated form, often reminding rosettes. In the histochemical techniques were observed filamentous structures, branched, non-septate, measuring approximately 1µm thick, impregnated on silver staining, stained in red on the modified Ziehl-Neelsen, in blue on Gram stain type modified Brown-Brenn and weakly pale pink in Giemsa. The nocardiosis should be considered in young animals with progressive respiratory and neurological signs, as well as skin lesions involving the subcutaneous tissue and regional lymph nodes. It should be further investigated a possible predisposing factor, such as infection by canine distemper virus and hemoparasites. The diagnosis was established by histopathological examination based on the morphology of the bacteria and their histochemical characteristics, distinguishing mainly from other bacterial and fungal agents and is an important tool for the diagnosis, when the collection of material for cultivation and isolation of the agent is not possible.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-4779
6682 downloads
7.
Natural Organic Acid as Green Catalyst for Xanthenones Synthesis: Methodology, Mechanism and Calcium Channel Blocking Activity
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Terra, Bruna S.
; Osorio, Aura M. B.
; Oliveira, Aline de
; Santos, Rebeca P. M.
; Mouro, Andressa P.
; Araújo, Natália F. de
; Silva, Cameron C. da
; Martins, Felipe T.
; Vieira, Luciene B.
; Bonaventura, Daniella
; Abreu, Heitor A. de
; Alcântara, Antonio F. C.
; Fátima, Ângelo de
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Métricas do periódico
Xanthenones were synthesized via one-pot tricomponent reaction, under solvent-free conditions, using aldehydes, phenolic and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Natural organic acids (NOAs), compounds present in many living metabolisms, were used as potential green catalysts. NOA are considered to be more eco-friendly and user-friendly alternative to traditional methodologies. Optimization studies showed that oxalic acid was the best NOA catalyst for such reaction furnishing the xanthenones with up to 93% of yield. Theoretical calculations were performed to evaluate this reaction mechanism and regioselectivity. The results showed that the regiospecificity of this three-component reaction is kinetically and thermodynamically controlled by the addition of β-naphthol C2, instead of C10, to the aldehyde. Our results also disclosed two xanthenones as novel calcium channels blockers. Eco-friendly reaction conditions, easy workup procedure, short reaction times and good yields are some of the advantages of our methodology.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20170082
1409 downloads
8.
Metazoan parasites of freshwater ornamental fishes
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Florindo, Maitê Coelho
; Jerônimo, Gabriela Tomas
; Steckert, Lilian Dordete
; Acchile, Monyele
; Figueredo, Aline Brum
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Luiz Tavares
; Cardoso, Lucas
; Marchiori, Natalia da Costa
; Assis, Guilherme da Costa
; Martins, Maurício Laterça
.
Latin american journal of aquatic research
- Métricas do periódico
ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the metazoan parasitic fauna associated with freshwater farmed ornamental fish in Southern Brazil. Between July 2014 and January 2015, a total of 423 fish belonging to nine species were examined: Pterophylum scalare, Betta splendens, two varieties of Carassius auratus, Danio rerio, Xiphophorus helleri, two varieties of Xiphophorus maculatus, Poecilia sphenops, Tanichthys albonubes and Puntius sachsii. In each fish collection, the water quality parameters were measured. Specimens were obtained from three ornamental fish farms located in three micro-regions in the State of Santa Catarina (Araquari, Biguaçu and Camboriú). Parasitological indexes were obtained after qualitative and quantitative parasitological analysis. Monogenean parasites, nematodes, and cestodes were found in all facilities. Nevertheless, nematodes and monogeneans presented 100% of prevalence in P. scalare from Araquari. From the analyzed species, P. scalare showed the highest parasite richness.
https://doi.org/10.3856/vol45-issue5-fulltext-15
1499 downloads
9.
Antitubercular Activity Increase in Labdane Diterpenes from Copaifera Oleoresin through Structural Modification
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Silva, Aline N.
; Soares, Ana Carolina F.
; Cabral, Mirela M. W.
; Andrade, Alex R. P. de
; Silva, Marilza B. M. da
; Martins, Carlos H. G.
; Veneziani, Rodrigo C. S.
; Ambrósio, Sérgio R.
; Bastos, Jairo K.
; Heleno, Vladimir C. G.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Métricas do periódico
The labdane diterpenes copalic acid, 3β-acetoxy-copalic acid, 3β-hydroxy-copalic acid and ent-agathic acid were isolated from Copaifera langsdorffii oleoresin. These four compounds were submitted to structural modifications by reduction with hydrogen/palladium, esterification with diazomethane, esterification with methanol/sulfuric acid and conversion into sodium salt, furnishing 15 compounds. All compounds were assayed in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv, ATCC 27294). The four compounds displayed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 125 µg mL-1, and were not considered active. A methylated derivative of compound 3β-hydroxy-copalic acid, and a sodium salt of copalic acid displayed MIC values of 25 µg mL-1 (71.7 µM) and 6.25 µg mL-1 (19.2 µM), respectively. The sodium salt of copalic acid stood out by displaying similar activity in comparison with streptomycin (MIC 6.25 µg mL-1) and a better activity compared to µM value of pyrazinamide (MIC 3.12 µg mL-1; 25.34 µM). Therefore, the methylated derivative of compound 3β-hydroxy-copalic acid and the sodium salt of copalic acid should be considered for further studies.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20160268
878 downloads
10.
Effects of Tityus stigmurus (Thorell 1876) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) venom in isolated perfused rat kidneys
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SILVA, NATHALIA A.
; ALBUQUERQUE, CLEIDE M.R.
; MARINHO, ALINE D.
; JORGE, ROBERTA J.B.
; SILVA NETO, ANTONIO G.
; MONTEIRO, HELENA S.A.
; SILVA, TÚLIO D.
; SILVA, MÁRCIA V.
; CORREIA, MARIA TEREZA S.
; PEREIRA, TICIANA P.
; MARTINS, ALICE M.C.
; MENEZES, DALGIMAR B.
; XIMENES, RAFAEL M.
; MARTINS, RENÉ D.
.
RESUMO Os escorpiões de interesse médico no Brasil pertencem ao gênero Tityus. Dentre eles, Tityus stigmurus é o principal responsável por picadas de escorpião na região Nordeste. Após uma picada, a peçonha de escorpião se distribui rapidamente para os órgãos, atingindo os rins depressa. Entretanto, há poucos trabalhos sobre fisiopatologia renal do envenenamento por escorpiões. Neste trabalho, avaliamos os efeitos da peçonha de T. stigmurus (TsV) sobre parâmetros renais em rins de ratos isolados. Ratos Wistar (n = 6), pesando 250-300 g, foram perfundidos com solução de Krebs-Henseleit contendo 6 g/100 mL de albumina de soro bovino. TsV nas concentrações de 0,3 e 1,0 μg/mL foi testado e os efeitos sobre a pressão de perfusão (PP), resistência vascular renal (RVR), fluxo urinário (FU), taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) e excreção de eletrólitos foram analisados. Apenas na concentração de 1,0 μg/mL de TsV foram observados efeitos que aumentaram PP (controlePP40' = 92,7 ± 1,95; TsVPP40' = 182,0 ± 4,70 mmHg*, *p < 0,05), RVR (controleRVR40' = 3,28 ± 0,23 mmHg; TstRVR40' = 6,76 ± 0,45 mmHg*, *p < 0,05), FU (controleFU50' = 0,16 ± 0,04; TstFU50' = 0,60 ± 0,10 mL/g/min*, *p < 0,05), a TFG e excreção de eletrólitos, com alterações histológicas que indicam de lesão renal tubular. Em conclusão, peçonha de T. stigmurus induz um aumento transiente da PP com lesão tubular, ambos os quais conduzem a uma excreção elevada de eletrólitos.
ABSTRACT Scorpions belonging to the Tityus genus are of medical interest in Brazil. Among them, Tityus stigmurus is the main scorpion responsible for stings in the Northeast region. After a sting, the scorpion venom distributes rapidly to the organs, reaching the kidneys quickly. However, there are few studies concerning the renal pathophysiology of scorpion poisoning. In this study, we evaluated the effects of T. stigmurus venom (TsV) on renal parameters in isolated rat kidneys. Wistar rats (n = 6), weighing 250-300 g, were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 6 g/100 mL bovine serum albumin. TsV at 0.3 and 1.0 μg/mL was tested, and the effects on perfusion pressure (PP), renal vascular resistance (RVR), urinary flow (UF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and electrolyte excretion were analyzed. Effects were observed only at TsV concentration of 1.0 μg/mL, which increased PP (controlPP40' = 92.7 ± 1.95; TsVPP40' = 182.0 ± 4.70* mmHg, *p < 0.05), RVR (controlRVR40' = 3.28 ± 0.23 mmHg; TstRVR40' = 6.76 ± 0.45* mmHg, *p < 0.05), UF (controlUF50' = 0.16 ± 0.04; TstUF50' = 0.60 ± 0.10* mL/g/min,*p < 0.05), GFR and electrolyte excretion, with histological changes that indicate renal tubular injury. In conclusion, T. stigmurus venom induces a transient increase in PP with tubular injury, both of which lead to an augmented electrolyte excretion.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150253
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11.
Haematological Parameters of the Hybrid Surubim (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans) farmed in Brazil
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Jerônimo, Gabriela Tomas
; Brum, Aline
; Pádua, Santiago Benites de
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Luiz Tavares
; Capecci, Robson Soares
; Ishikawa, Márcia Mayumi
; Martins, Maurício Laterça
.
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
- Métricas do periódico
This study evaluated the haematological parameters of the hybrid surubim (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x P. reticulatum) farmed in intensive and semi intensive system. A total of 240 fish were examined, 120 from fish farm and 120 from a semi-intensive for comparison between the hot and cold season. The water quality was weekly measured to evaluate the influence of environmental conditions on the haematology. Fish from intensive system showed hematocrit and white blood cell count (WBC) higher in hot season while the total plasmatic protein, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were higher in cold season. In fish from semi intensive system, the red blood cells count (RBC) and total thrombocyte number was higher in hot season while the MCHC and MCV were higher in cold season. There was no alterations in the numbers of lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and PAS - positive granular leukocyte (PAS-LG). The results showed the influence of seasonality on the hematological parameters of the hybrid surubim kept under normal farming conditions. Regarding water quality, hot season was directly related to increased water temperature and decreased dissolved oxygen while the opposite was found in cold season.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-8913201400180
1600 downloads
12.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
33340 downloads
13.
Síntese e avaliação da atividade antimalárica de compostos derivados da curcumina
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Gomes, Patrícia Ramos
; Miguel, Fábio Balbino
; Oliveira, Michael Éder de
; Ferreira, Vanessa Viana
; Guimarães, Daniel Silqueira Martins
; Lima, Aline Brito de
; Barbosa, Camila de Souza
; Oliveira, Mariana Amorim de
; Almeida, Mauro Vieira de
; Viana, Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro
; Couri, Mara Rubia Costa
; Varotti, Fernando de Pilla
.
One of the main challenges in the development of new antimalarial drugs is to achieve a viable lead candidate with good pharmacokinetic properties. Curcumin has a broad range of biological activities, including antimalarial activity. Herein, we report the antimalarial activity of six curcumin derivatives (6-12) and an initial analysis of their pharmacokinetic properties. Five compounds have demonstrated potent activity against the P. falciparum in vitro (IC50 values ranging from 1.7 to 15.2 µg mL-1), with moderate or low cytotoxicity against the HeLa cell line. The substitution of the carbonyl group in 6 by a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone group (to afford 11) increases the Selective Index. These preliminary results indicate curcumin derivatives as potential antimalarial compounds.
https://doi.org/10.5935/0100-4042.20140075
4613 downloads
14.
HEPATIC STEATOSIS ASSESSMENT:
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MARTINS, Aline M. A.
; COELHO, Gustavo R.
; MARQUES, Geraldo A.
; MORAES, Manoel O.
; VALENÇA Jr., José Telmo
; GARCIA, José Huygens P.
.
ContextoO transplante ortotópico de fígado é considerado um dos últimos recursos terapêuticos viáveis para os pacientes hepatopatas, em estágio terminal da doença. Muitas estratégias têm sido usadas para aumentar o número de órgãos disponíveis e diminuir a demora em lista de espera. No entanto, a presença de esteatose hepática é uma das principais limitações quanto ao uso de órgãos para transplante, devido a sua importância como relevante fator de risco para disfunção primária pós-transplante. Neste cenário, a avaliação do órgão pelo cirurgião, no momento da captação no doador, é de grande importância para a correta alocação do mesmo.ObjetivoAvaliar retrospectivamente o grau de esteatose estabelecido pelo cirurgião e confrontar estes dados com os achados histopatológicos da biopsia.MétodosAnalisaram-se 117 pacientes hepatopatas terminais sub-metidos ao transplante de fígado no Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídeo, Fortaleza, CE. Uma tabela matriz foi organizada para avaliação dos dados categóricos observados. Os indivíduos foram classificados quanto ao grau de esteatose apresentado pelo órgão: leve (0%-30%) e moderada (30%-60%) e agrupados sob os critérios clínicos de adequação de órgãos para transplante. Os órgãos foram descritos como adequado para transplante de órgãos e como não adequado para transplante de órgãos. As avaliações entre as duas primeiras situações, antes da perfusão vs biopsia e após a perfusão vs biopsia foram analisadas; bem como realizada comparação entre as duas situações de perfusão (antes e após).ResultadosNa primeira avaliação, obtiveram-se 93% de concordância (n = 109) entre as duas observações, mostrando grande grau de concordância entre as classificações do órgão antes da perfusão e na biopsia. Na segunda avaliação, obteve-se um grau de discordância de 8%, levando a erros de alocação em nove situações. Na comparação entre as avaliações realizadas entre antes e após a perfusão, obteve-se forte concordância através do índice kappa entre os espectadores.ConclusõesEmbora a equipe deste estudo seja constituída de cirurgiões experientes, em alguns casos os mesmos, foram induzidos a erros de alocação. No entanto o percentual encontra-se bastante abaixo da média mundial.
ContextLiver transplantation is one of the last viable resources for patients with end-stage liver disease. Many strategies are been used to improve the number of available organs and overcome waiting list delay. However, hepatic steatosis is one of the mainly concerns when organs are consider to transplantation due to it is importance as a risk factor for primary dysfunction. Surgeons play an important role to decide each organ will be accept or decline and its righteous allocation.ObjectiveRetrospectively evaluate the surgeon assessment of steatosis degree and its confrontation with further histopathologic findings.MethodsWe analyzed 117 patients underwent deceased liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease in University Hospital Walter Cantideo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. A matrix table was organized to estimate the categorical data observed. We clustered the subjects into mild (0%–30%) and moderate (30%-60%) steatosis degree under the clinical criteria of organ suitability for transplantation. We categorized the organs as suitable organ for transplant and as non-suitable organ for transplant. Evaluations between the two first assessments, before perfusion (pre-perfusion) vs biopsy findings and after perfusion vs biopsy findings observations were analyzed and also a comparison between pre-perfusion and after perfusion data was performed.ResultsOn the first assessment, we obtained a 93% of agreement (n = 109) between the two evaluations. On the second assessment, we had an 8% (n = 9) of mistaken allocation. Comparing the observation before (pre-perfusion) and after (after perfusion), we obtained a strong agreement between the surgeons.ConclusionsAlthough our experienced surgeon team, we have wrongly evaluated feasible organs for transplantation. Nonetheless, our faulty percentage is low comparing to worldwide percentage.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-28032013000100004
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Comparison of extraction and transesterification methods on the determination of the fatty acid contents of three Brazilian seaweed species
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Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
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Seaweeds are photosynthetic organisms important to their ecosystem and constitute a source of compounds with several different applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and biotechnology industries, such as triacylglycerols, which can be converted to fatty acid methyl esters that make up biodiesel, an alternative source of fuel applied in economic important areas. This study evaluates the fatty acid profiles and concentrations of three Brazilian seaweed species, Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J.V. Lamouroux (Rhodophya), Sargassum cymosum C. Agardh (Heterokontophyta), and Ulva lactuca L. (Chlorophyta), comparing three extraction methods (Bligh & Dyer - B&D; AOAC Official Methods - AOM; and extraction with methanol and ultrasound - EMU) and two transesterification methods (7% BF3 in methanol - BF3; and 5% HCl in methanol - HCl). The fatty acid contents of the three species of seaweeds were significantly different when extracted and transesterified by the different methods. Moreover, the best method for one species was not the same for the other species. The best extraction and transesterification methods for H. musciformis, S. cymosum and U. lactuca were, respectively, AOM-HCl, B&D-BF3 and B&D-BF3/B&D-HCl. These results point to a matrix effect and the method used for the analysis of the fatty acid content of different organisms should be selected carefully.
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