Colonization by Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is highly prevalent among pregnant women, with prevalence rates ranging between 4% and 30%. The infection may be transmitted vertically and may result in serious neonatal consequences. In the period from November 2003 to May 2004, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 316 parturients at the Jundiaí Teaching Hospital to establish the prevalence of genital GBS colonization, to identify the factors associated with colonization and the characteristic phenotypes of these streptococci. Samples from rectal and vaginal areas were collected for selective culture in Todd-Hewitt broth. Susceptibility to 7 antimicrobial agents was tested using the antibiotic diffusion disk technique, and the isolated strains were classified using specific antisera. The prevalence of GBS colonization was 14.6%. No strain was resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin or nitrofurantoin. The majority of strains were sensitive to cephalothin. Greatest resistance was to gentamicin (76.1%), followed by clindamycin (17.4%). The most frequent serotype was Ib (23.9%), followed by serotypes II and Ia (19.6% and 17.4%, respectively). There was no correlation between serotype and greater antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, the prevalence of GBS in parturients was high and penicillin continues to be the drug of choice for intrapartum prophylaxis. The most frequent serotype (Ib) found in this study differs from those found in the majority of studies carried out in other countries, revealing the need to identify prevalent serotypes in each region so that specific vaccines can be designed.

OBJETIVO: conhecer as expectativas de primigestas com relação à via de parto, bem como os motivos de sua escolha, procurando melhorar a qualidade do relacionamento médico-paciente. MÉTODOS: foi realizado estudo do tipo qualitativo por meio da análise do sujeito coletivo, incluindo primigestas atendidas de setembro a novembro de 2003 nos pronto-socorros dos serviços da Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí. Foi aplicado questionário especialmente elaborado para responder aos objetivos propostos pela pesquisa o questionário é baseado nas dúvidas apresentadas por pacientes que freqüentaram o serviço meses antes da elaboração do projeto. O consentimento livre e esclarecido, assinado pela gestante e por um dos pesquisadores responsáveis. Foi obtido para fins de padronização da amostra a seleção das pacientes seguiu critérios de inclusão: idade maior que 16 anos, primigestas, que estivessem recebendo assistência pré-natal e consentimento pós-informado lido e esclarecido. Foram considerados critérios de exclusão pacientes mentalmente incapacitadas e gestantes de alto risco com doenças que pudessem interferir na escolha da paciente. RESULTADOS: a população estudada teve como perfil mais prevalente mulheres com mais de 21 anos, brancas, casadas, com segundo grau completo e que estavam no terceiro trimestre da gestação. A via de parto de preferência da maioria das mulheres (90%) foi o parto vaginal normal, sendo que as principais justificativas foram: a praticidade para sua realização (94%) e o medo do sofrimento e dor no pós-parto causados pela cesárea. Encontramos relação entre a preferência pelo parto vaginal com mulheres de maior idade, casadas, não havendo diferença significativa entre as raças. CONCLUSÃO: estes resultados nos mostram enorme contraste entre a preferência das mulheres e os altos índices de cesárea no Brasil. Concluímos que deve haver falha de informação, falta de diálogo entre os profissionais da saúde e a paciente sobre as possíveis dificuldades, dúvidas e anseios que permeiam a escolha por determinada via de parto. Do ponto de vista ético concluímos que os obstetras devem questionar cada indicação para a realização de uma cesárea e respeitar a autonomia da escolha materna sem ignorar os verdadeiros critérios clínicos que levam à decisão médica pela via de parto.

PURPOSE: to find out the preference in regard to the way of delivery among primigravidae, as well as the reasons for their choice, in order to improve the quality of the doctor-patient relationship. METHODS: a qualitative-type study was conducted through analysis of the collective subject, including primigravidae attended from September to November 2003 at the emergency rooms of the hospital of the "Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí". A questionnaire, specially developed to accomplish the proposed objectives was applied. An informed and free consent, signed by the pregnant woman and one of the researchers in charge was obtained. This questionnaire was based on doubts of patients attended at this hospital some months before the trial. For the purpose of sample standardization, the patients' selection followed some inclusion criteria: age above 16, primigravidae that were receiving prenatal assistance and a post-informed and free consent. Mental disorders and clinical and/or obstetric pathologies that could interfere in the patient's choice were considered exclusion criteria. RESULTS: the studied population had as prevailing profile women in the third quarter of gestation, above 21 years of age, white, married and with completed school. Most of the women (90%) preferred vaginal delivery for the following main reasons: ease to be done (94%) and the fear of suffering and pain during the postpartum period caused by cesarean section. There was a relationship between older and married women and the preference for vaginal delivery, with no significant difference between races. CONCLUSION: these results show an enormous contrast between women's preference and the high cesarean section rates in Brazil. We conclude that there may be a lack of information and dialogue between the health professionals and patients about the possible difficulties, doubts and anxieties that involve the women's choice for a specific way of delivery. From an ethical point of view, we conclude that obstetricians should question every cesarean section indication and take into account the women's right to choose, without ignoring clinical criteria, when making the medical decision about the way of delivery.