RESUMEN Introducción: Los tiempos de atención médica son un factor relevante para la mortalidad por infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST). Objetivos: Evaluar los tiempos de reperfusión en pacientes con IAMCEST participantes de un programa de atención médica cardiológica basada en telemedicina en la provincia de La Pampa durante el período transcurrido entre agosto de 2018 y diciembre de 2021. Material y Métodos: Este programa consiste en la protocolización de la atención de los pacientes que cursan un síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) en las diferentes localidades de la provincia, con asistencia cardiológica remota las 24 horas del día, que incluye tanto la asistencia diagnóstica como la coordinación de las medidas terapéuticas, incluyendo la posibilidad de administrar trombolíticos a nivel local, con asistencia remota. Resultados: De un total de 72 IAMCEST evaluados, 44 recibieron como terapia de reperfusión trombolisis, 25 angioplastia primaria, y 3 trombolisis seguida de angioplastia de rescate. De los 47 sujetos que recibieron trombolisis, sólo 5 requirieron de traslado al centro de referencia para realizar este procedimiento. La mediana de tiempo puerta-aguja fue de 24 minutos y el tiempo puerta-balón fue de 105 minutos. El 28% de los sujetos con angioplastia primaria tuvieron un tiempo puerta-balón inferior a los 90 minutos y el 53,2% de los tratados con trombolíticos cumplieron con un tiempo puerta-aguja menor a 30 minutos. Conclusiones: La implementación de un programa de atención descentralizada guiada por telemedicina se asoció a un elevado porcentaje de cumplimento de las metas de implementación de la terapia de reperfusión basada en fibrinolíticos.

ABSTRACT Background: Timing of medical care is a relevant factor for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mortality. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate reperfusion times in STEMI patients participating in a telemedicinebased cardiology care program in the province of La Pampa during the period between August 2018 and December 2021. Methods: This program consists of a protocol for the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the different locations of the province, with 24-hour remote assistance provided by cardiologists including both diagnostic support and coordination of on-site thrombolysis. Results: Of a total of 72 STEMI patients evaluated, 44 received thrombolysis as reperfusion therapy, 25 received primary percutaneous coronary intervention, and 3 received thrombolysis followed by rescue percutaneous coronary intervention. Of the 47 subjects who received thrombolysis, only 5 required to be transferred to the referral center for this procedure. Median door-to-needle time was 24 minutes and door-to balloon-time was 105 minutes. Twenty-five percent of the subjects had a door-to-balloon time <90 minutes and 53.2% fulfilled a door-to-needle time <30 minutes. Conclusions: The implementation of a telemedicine-guided program for decentralized management of STEMI patients was associated with a high percentage of compliance with the goals of implementing fibrinolytic-based reperfusion therapy.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar duas unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais do Paraná e identificar os fatores de risco que levam ao desenvolvimento da retinopatia da prematuridade nestas unidades neonatais. Metodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte, prospectivo, com avaliação dos bebês prematuros examinados no período de 12 meses com idade gestacional ≤32 semanas e/ou com peso de nascimento ≤1500 gramas, internados na unidade de cuidados intensivos neonatais do Hospital do Trabalhador e do Hospital infantil Waldemar Monastier, que recebe neonatos transportados das maternidades de todo o estado do Paraná. Resultados: A incidência de retinopatia da prematuridade foi maior no Hospital Infantil Waldemar Monastier, entre os prematuros que necessitaram de transporte do local de nascimento para a unidade de cuidados intensivos (52,2% vs 29,6%), Os fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento da doença foram; Maior número de dias de internamento, baixa idade gestacional ao nascimento, maior tempo de uso de oxigênio, uso de drogas vasoativas, ausência de uso de corticoide pré-natal, presença de hemorragia intracraniana e qualquer tipo de alteração da glicemia. Conclusão: Os cuidados neonatais precoces e o transporte do recém-nascido pré- termo podem influenciar a ocorrência e o prognostico da retinopatia da prematuridade.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Evaluate the patients in two neonatal intensive care units in Paraná/Brazil and identify the risk factors for the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study on premature infants with gestational age ≤32 wk and/or with birth weight ≤1500 g who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Hospital do Trabalhador and Hospital Infantil Waldemar Monastier. These hospitals admit patients referred from other maternity hospitals in the state of Paraná. The study duration was 12 mon. Results: The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity was higher in the Hospital Infantil Waldemar Monastier than in the Hospital do Trabalhador for premature infants who needed to be transported from their birthplace to the intensive care unit (52.2% vs. 29.6%). The following risk factors were associated with the development of the disease: longer hospitalization, low gestational age at birth, longer oxygen use, vasoactive drugs use, no antenatal corticosteroids use, intracranial hemorrhage, and any glycemic disorder. Low birth weight was an independent risk factor for the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Conclusion: Early neonatal care and transportation of premature infants may influence the occurrence and prognosis of retinopathy of prematurity.

Abstract Introduction: Dyspepsia comprises a group of symptoms that can either have an organic cause or functional origin. The purpose of this study was to describe the main causes of dyspepsia and the its clinical evolution in children cared for in a tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: Retrospective study in children with dyspepsia. Patients underwent endoscopy and rapid urease test to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori. In case of normal endoscopy and biopsy, hydrogen breath test was performed. In all cases, follow-up was provided in order to evaluate symptom improvement. Results: One hundred children were included, out of whom 52 were girls; mean age was 8.59 years. Esophagitis or erosive gastropathy were found in 54% of the cases (n = 54). H. pylori infection in 12% (n = 12), small intestine bacterial overgrowth in 12% (n = 12), and functional dyspepsia in 20% (n = 20). Conclusion: In children with dyspepsia, organic causes should first be ruled out before dyspepsia being characterized as functional. In general terms, we consider that a stepped approach that includes endoscopy with biopsy, search for H. pylori and hydrogen breath test is necessary.

Resumen Introducción: La dispepsia consiste en un conjunto de síntomas que pueden tener origen orgánico o funcional. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las principales causas de la dispepsia y su evolución clínica en niños en un hospital de tercer nivel. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en niños con dispepsia. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a endoscopia con toma de biopsia y prueba de urea rápida para Helicobacter pylori. En caso de endoscopia y biopsia normal, se tomó prueba de hidrogeniones en aliento. En todos los casos se dio seguimiento para evaluar la mejoría de síntomas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 niños, de los cuales 52 eran niñas; la edad media fue de 8.59 años. Se encontró esofagitis y gastropatía erosiva en el 54% de los casos (n = 54), infección por H. pylori en el 12% (n = 12), sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado en el 12% (n = 12) y dispepsia funcional en el 20% (n = 20). Conclusión: En niños con dispepsia se deben de descartar primero causas orgánicas antes de diagnosticar dispepsia funcional. En términos generales consideramos que es necesario un abordaje escalonado que incluya endoscopia con toma de biopsia, búsqueda de H. pylori y una prueba de hidrogeniones.

ORIENTATION: The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) creates numerous organisational changes. New technologies and their influences are studied; however, hardly any research focuses on studying the unconscious systems psychodynamics (SPs RESEARCH PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to explore and understand feelings in an organisational 4IR context from a SP perspective Motivation for the study: Scholars have recently issued calls to shift attention from describing the 4IR processes in terms of rapid structural, technological and disruptive changes towards the understanding of subjective 'lived-through' feelings and experiences and in situ responses to 4IR events. Based on this shift, the authors aim at exploring the 'lived-through' experiences in this study from a SP viewpoint. Research approach/design and method: This article presents findings from a qualitative study conducted in a technology organisation, analysing 16 interviews with managers in middle and top management positions. MAIN FINDINGS: The findings show SP playing out in terms of splitting, projection, projective identification and idealisation. Findings with regard to the five fundamental systemic behavioural conventions (dependency, flight/fight, pairing, me-ness, one-ness or we-ness) are also presented Practical/managerial implications: Managers experience anxiety and excitement as strongly influential in the 4IR transformational processes and as playing an important role in SP processes. Contributions/value-add: Organisations and employees need to be made aware of the new trends in the 4IR and the underlying unconscious processes within the organisation. Employees could undergo training to improve their understanding of intra- and inter-psychological and organisational processes and the impact on organisational change and transformation within the 4IR contexts.

Resumen La deficiencia de fósforo (P) en la dieta puede reducir severamente la productividad de las vacas reproductoras. En una zona de clima tropical estacional seco en el norte de Australia, durante cinco ciclos anuales se estudió el rendimiento de este tipo de vacas deficientes en P (Pdefic) o suplementadas con P (Psupl), en pasturas de Stylosanthes y gramíneas C4. El suelo tenía una concentración aproximada de 4 ppm de P soluble (bicarbonato). Las concentraciones de P inorgánico en el plasma (PIP) determinadas en época lluviosa indicaron que las vacas Pdefic presentaron deficiencia de P durante 4 años y suficiencia marginal de P en un año. El cambio anual de peso vivo varió ampliamente entre 4 y 44 kg/animal en las vacas Psupl y entre −71 y +13 kg en las vacas Pdefic. En los años con pocas lluvias la respuesta a la dieta con Psupl varió entre −9 y +115 kg, y fue mayor en las vacas Pdefic. El crecimiento de los terneros amamantados por las vacas Psupl (0.86 kg/dia) tendió a ser mayor (rango 0.01‒0.17, promedio 0.09 kg/dia) que en aquellos de las vacas Pdefic, pero esta diferencia fue significativa (P = 0.03) solo en uno de los cinco años experimentales. La reconcepción fue más alta en las vacas Psupl que en las Pdefic durante los dos años de menor precipitación. La amplia variación entre años en las concentraciones de PIP y los efectos de la deficiencia de P estuvieron ligadas a una alta variación en la lluvia anual y estacional. Los resultados mostraron que la respuesta de las vacas en pasturas deficientes en P a suplemento de P puede variar ampliamente entre años. Por lo tanto, la respuesta en un período determinado no garantiza la misma tendencia en el largo plazo.

Abstract Breeder herd productivity can be severely reduced by dietary phosphorus (P) deficiency. The performance of small groups of P-deficient (Pdefic) or P-supplemented (Psupp) breeder cows was studied over 5 annual cycles while grazing C4 grass-Stylosanthes pastures at a site in the seasonally dry tropics of northern Australia. Soils contained c. 4 ppm of bicarbonate extractable P. Plasma inorganic P concentrations (PIP) during the wet season indicated that the Pdefic cows were deficient in P in 4 years and marginal in one year. Annual liveweight (LW) changes ranged widely between annual cycles from −71 to +13 kg in Pdefic cows and from +4 to +44 kg/head in Psupp cows. The LW responses to increased dietary P ranged from −9 to +115 kg, were greatest in years when LW losses by the Pdefic cows were greatest, and were associated with low-rainfall years. LW gains of calves suckling Psupp cows (mean 0.86 kg/d) tended to be higher (range 0.01-0.17 kg/d; mean 0.09 kg/d) than those of calves suckling Pdefic cows, but were significantly (P = 0.03) higher in only one year. Reconception appeared to be higher in Psupp than Pdefic cows during the 2 years of lower rainfall. Overall, the results indicated that responses to P supplementation by breeders grazing P-deficient pastures can vary widely between years. Therefore, the response in any one year may not reliably indicate responses in the longer term.

ORIENTATION: In accordance with global trends, South Africa is striving for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Discourses of employees' employment equity (EE) perceptions within the 4IR context are studied 25 years after apartheidRESEARCH PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to understand the systems psychodynamics underneath the surface of employees' perceptions of EE in South Africa within the context of the 4IRMOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: South African workplaces are debated nationally and urged to compete with 4IR changes on a global level. This research focuses on employees' perceptions of EE underneath the surface and aims at understanding employees' perceptions through the conflict, identity, boundaries, authority, roles, task (CIBART) model.RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: Altogether 83 employees in 11 organisations in South Africa participated in qualitative interviews regarding their perceptions and experiences within their changing work contexts.MAIN FINDINGS: The findings indicate employees' perceptions of EE in terms of conflict, identity, boundary, authority, roles and tasks of the CIBART model. The discourses highlight EE, race and gender within contemporary South Africa, and show a lack of drive to engage with the discourses of the 4IR on a global levelPRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The findings show that employees and organisations in South Africa need to open up their internal discourses anchored in the country's past to become key players in the 4IR; apartheid categories need to be overcome to develop context-specific visions and original ideas on how to create 4IR workspaces in the future.CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This article emphasises the gap between national discourses and global trends in employees' perceptions of EE and discusses transformational ideas from after apartheid to 4IR visions.

Abstract Introduction . Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5% of the world population, with symptoms that may persist into adulthood. Despite the findings on the clinical course of this disorder, information regarding comorbidity patterns, psychosocial and executive functioning in adult life in those with and without ADHD in Latin American samples is scarce. Objective . The aim of this study is to compare the comorbidity pattern, psychosocial, and executive functioning of adults with and without ADHD from a clinical sample. Method . One hundred and fifty-one patients between 20 and 45 years, with screened positively on ASRS-V1.1, were invited to continue an evaluation process as part of clinical research program (PROMETEO): 1) K-SADS-PL Mx interview, 2) MINI-Plus interview, ASRS-V1-1 18 item version, BRIEF self-reported questionnaire, SCQA-ADHD, and 3) Individual case review by clinical expert in ADHD. Results . Individuals in the ADHD group had a higher average of comorbid disorders (2.5 SD 1.1 vs. 1.3 SD 1.0 respectively, F = .439; t = -6.621; df = 149; p < .001), more likelihood of procrastinating (OR = 6.5; 95% CI[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0) and were more likely to present difficulties in both the behavior regulation index (OR = 104.9; 95% CI[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) and the metacognitive index (OR = 94.79; 95% CI[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) compared to the non-ADHD group, regardless of gender. Discussion and conclusions . Our results indicate that the ADHD adult group presented with more comorbidity, and worse psychosocial and executive functioning than non-ADHD adults.

Resumen Introducción . El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta aproximadamente al 5% de la población mundial, persistiendo hasta la adultez. A pesar de los hallazgos acerca del curso clínico de este trastorno, la información es escasa con respecto a los patrones de comorbilidad, funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo en la vida adulta entre aquellos con y sin TDAH en muestras latinoamericanas. Objetivo . Comparar el patrón de comorbilidad, el funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo de adultos con y sin TDAH de una muestra clínica. Método . Ciento cincuenta y un pacientes entre 20 y 45 años, quienes inicialmente presentaron un tamizaje positivo del ASRS-V1.1, fueron evaluados dentro de un programa de investigación clínica (PROMETEO) con los siguientes instrumentos: 1) la entrevista K-SADS-PL-Mx, 2) la entrevista MINI-Plus, la version de 18 items del ASRS-V1-1, y los cuestionarios autoaplicados BRIEF y SCQA-ADHD y 3) Revisión de cada caso por un clínico experto en el diagnóstico de TDAH. Resultados . El grupo de TDAH comparado con aquel sin TDAH presentó un mayor promedio de trastornos comórbidos (2.5 DE 1.1 vs 1.3 DE 1.0 respectivamente, F = .439; t = -6.621; gl = 149; p < .001), mayor probabilidad de procrastinar (OR = 6.5; 95% IC[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0), y mayor probabilidad de presentar dificultades tanto en el índice de regulación de la conducta (OR = 104.9; 95% IC[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) como en el índice metacognitivo (OR = 94.79; 95% IC[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) independientemente del sexo. Discusión y conclusión . Nuestros resultados señalan que los adultos con TDAH presentan mayor comorbilidad y peor funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo que los adultos sin TDAH.

RESUMO O rio Paranapanema é um dos principais afluentes da bacia do alto rio Paraná. Onze hidrelétricas regulam o seu canal principal, contudo, não existe estudo, em escala de bacia, que tenha investigado a diversidade de peixes nos represamentos. O presente estudo investigou padrões espaciais de riqueza, composição e abundância de peixes nativos (não-migradores e migradores) e não-nativos na cascata de reservatórios do rio Paranapanema. O estudo se baseou em dados coletados por 34 estudos independentes conduzidos em nove reservatórios (47 amostras). Registramos 161 espécies, sendo 111 nativas (14 migradoras) e 50 não-nativas. A riqueza total variou entre 56 e 112 espécies/reservatório, com média de 72 (49,9 nativas, 8,1 migradoras e 14 não-nativas). O número de espécies não-migradoras não apresentou padrão de variação ao longo do sistema em cascata, mas a riqueza de migradores e peixes não-nativos aumentou em direção aos trechos de jusante. A composição de espécies variou ao longo do gradiente longitudinal, porém algumas espécies não-nativas apresentaram ampla distribuição. Espécies migradoras apresentaram baixa abundância relativa (usualmente < 10%), enquanto que as não-nativas foram comuns e abundantes, especialmente em reservatórios de jusante. Os resultados revelaram alta diversidade de peixes na cascata de reservatórios, mas indicaram que peixes migradores são raros, enquanto que espécies não-nativas são comuns ou dominantes.

ABSTRACT The Paranapanema River is a major tributary of the upper Paraná river basin. Eleven hydropower dams regulate its main course, but no study has investigated fish diversity in these impoundments at the basin-scale. The present study investigated spatial patterns of richness, composition, and abundance of native (non-migratory and migratory) and non-native fishes in the cascade of reservoirs along the Paranapanema River. The study is based on data collected from 34 independent studies conducted in nine reservoirs (47 samples). The compilation recorded 161 species, being 111 native (14 migratory) and 50 non-native. Total richness ranged between 56 and 112 species/reservoir, with a mean of 72 (49.9 non-migratory, 8.1 migratory and 14 non-native). The number of non-migratory species showed no spatial trend along the cascade system, but migratory and non-native richness increased toward downstream reaches. We also observed spatial variation in species composition along the cascade system, but some non-native fishes were widely distributed. Migratory fishes showed low relative abundance (usually < 10%), while non-native species were common and more abundant, especially in reservoirs downstream. Our results revealed a high diversity of fishes in the cascade of impoundments, but indicated that migratory fishes are rare, while non-native species are common or dominant.

BACKGROUND: Women leaders within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in South Africa have increased in numbers over the past years and they have changed the dynamics in these institutions. Yet, it is a subject that has hardly been explored from the perspective of women leaders. AIM: The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of women leaders in HEIs from a systems psychodynamic perspective using the conflict, identity, boundaries, authority, roles, task (CIBART) model, a well-researched model to analyse systems psychodynamics and to gain a deeper understanding of (un)conscious dynamics within organisations. METHODS: This qualitative study is based on Dilthey's modern hermeneutics. Interviews were conducted with 23 women leaders from the Higher Education Resource Services South Africa, network across 8 HEIs. Observations were conducted in one organisation to support the data analysis and interpretation. Data were analysed through content analysis. FINDINGS: Findings show that women leaders re-evaluate and reconstruct themselves constantly within organisations. This continuous re-evaluation and reconstruction become visible through the constructs of the CIBART model. The findings reveal deeper insights into systems psychodynamics, which considers anxiety within the system where women leaders seem to contain such anxiety by mobilising specific defence mechanisms. Certain diversity markers, such as race, gender, mother tongue, position within the organisation and generational belonging play a role in creating the dynamics. Women leaders' experience of de-authorisation and role confusion impacts significantly on women leadership and their action towards ownership. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study provides new, valuable and context-specific insights into women leadership seen through the lens of the CIBART model, highlighting unconscious dynamics that need practical attention in the HEIs to empower women leaders for gender-specific leadership training. ORIGINALITY OR VALUE: Findings provide a foundation for future research on women leaders and applied solutions to empower women leaders, whilst reducing anxiety within the system. The study provides complex insights, which should create increasing awareness in women leaders towards being containers of anxiety and creating new ways of empowered women leadership.

RESUMO: A tuberculose bovina (bTB) é uma zoonose que causa perdas econômicas e riscos à saúde pública em muitos países. O diagnóstico da doença em animais vivos é realizado pelo teste intradérmico da tuberculina, que é baseado em reações de hipersensibilidade tardia. Como a tuberculose tem resposta imunológica complexa, este teste tem limitações em termos de sensibilidade e especificidade. Este estudo procurou desenvolver uma abordagem alternativa para o diagnóstico in vivo da tuberculose bovina, com base na reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em tempo real. As amostras de DNA, extraídas de suabes nasais de vacas vivas, foram usadas para PCR em tempo real com SYBR® Green, capaz de diferenciar os complexos Mycobacterium tuberculosis e Mycobacterium avium. A análise estatística foi realizada para comparar os resultados de teste de tuberculina, padrão ouro para o diagnóstico in vivo da bTB, com PCR em tempo real, determinando-se assim a especificidade e sensibilidade do método molecular. O teste cervical comparativo (TCC) foi realizado em 238 animais, dos quais 193 tiveram DNA dos suabes nasais adequados para análise molecular, como indicado pela amplificação do gene gliceraldeído-3-fosfato-desidrogenase (GAPDH), e foram incluídos no estudo. No total, 25 (10,5%) animais foram reativos no TCC, dos quais nenhum foi positivo no teste molecular. Dos 168 animais negativos no TCC, quatro foram positivos para o complexo M. tuberculosis na PCR em tempo real a partir dos suabes nasais. A comparação destes resultados gerou valores de sensibilidade e especificidade de 0% e 97,6%, respectivamente; além disso, baixos coeficientes de concordância e correlação (-0,029 e -0,049, respectivamente) entre os resultados obtidos com ambos os testes também foram observados. Este estudo mostrou que a PCR em tempo real a partir de suabes nasais não é adequada para o diagnóstico in vivo da tuberculose bovina; portanto, o teste da tuberculina ainda é a melhor opção para este fim.

ABSTRACT: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonosis causing economic losses and public health risks in many countries. The disease diagnosis in live animals is performed by intradermal tuberculin test, which is based on delayed hypersensitivity reactions. As tuberculosis has complex immune response, this test has limitations in sensitivity and specificity. This study sought to test an alternative approach for in vivo diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA samples, extracted from nasal swabs of live cows, were used for SYBR® Green real-time PCR, which is able to differentiate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complexes. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the results of tuberculin test, the in vivo gold standard bTB diagnosis method, with real-time PCR, thereby determining the specificity and sensitivity of molecular method. Cervical comparative test (CCT) was performed in 238 animals, of which 193 had suitable DNA from nasal swabs for molecular analysis, as indicated by amplification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, and were included in the study. In total, 25 (10.5%) of the animals were CCT reactive, of which none was positive in the molecular test. Of the 168 CCT negative animals, four were positive for M. tuberculosis complex at real time PCR from nasal swabs. The comparison of these results generated values of sensitivity and specificity of 0% and 97.6%, respectively; moreover, low coefficients of agreement and correlation (-0.029 and -0.049, respectively) between the results obtained with both tests were also observed. This study showed that real-time PCR from nasal swabs is not suitable for in vivo diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis; thus tuberculin skin test is still the best option for this purpose.

ORIENTATION: This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of emotional intelligence (EI) in women leaders in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in South Africa from an inside perspective. RESEARCH PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore EI in South African women leaders working in HEIs to identify women leader's strengths, foci and their possible areas of development. The aim is to get deeper insights in EI in women leaders because EI is associated with effective leadership qualities, creativity and innovation, as well as empathetic communication which is needed in the challenging HEI workplaces. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Emotional intelligence is an important source for women leaders to increase leadership qualities. This study is motivated by a deep interest to explore aspects of EI in women leaders in this specific professional context. RESEARCH DESIGN, APPROACH AND METHOD: The study uses a qualitative research design and an approach based on Dilthey's modern hermeneutics of 'Verstehen' (understanding). Twenty-three women leaders of the Higher Education Research Service (HERS-SA) network were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. One researcher observed behaviour in one HEI to support the interpretation of the data. Data were analysed through content analysis. MAIN FINDINGS: Findings show that women leaders mainly refer to intrapersonal emotional quotient (EQ), followed by interpersonal EQ, adaptability, stress management and, finally, general mood. The most highly rated components of EQ are self-regard, followed by interpersonal relationships, problem solving, empathy, emotional self-awareness, assertiveness, impulse control and social responsibility. Findings also provide ideas on what EQ components can be further developed. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: New insights are provided on what components of EI should be developed in women leaders to increase overall EI, on cognitive and behavioural levels. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This research provides new and original context-specific insights on EI in HEIs in South Africa, which can be used as a basis for future research on women leaders while providing a knowledge base for contemporary training of EI in HEIs.

Resumen:Uno de los conceptos centrales en la Panbiogeografía es el trazo generalizado, el cual representa una biota ancestral que se ha fragmentado por eventos geológicos y puede recuperarse a través de distintos métodos, que incluyen el análisis de simplicidad de endemismos (PAE) y el análisis de endemicidad (AE). El PAE es un método frecuentemente utilizado para la identificación de trazos generalizados, mientras que el AE fue diseñado para encontrar áreas de endemismo, pero recientemente se ha usado también para identificar trazos generalizados. En este trabajo se evaluaron ambos métodos para la identificación de los trazos generalizados a partir de los datos de 84 serpientes distribuidas en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Con el PAE se obtuvo un trazo generalizado formado por tres trazos individuales (Agkistrodon taylori, Crotalus totonacus y Pliocercus elapoides), que corresponden a sinapomorfías que apoyan al clado principal. La prueba de robustez estadística mostró un soporte del 89 %, mientras que con el AE se identificaron dos áreas de endemismo con valores del índice de endemicidad de 2.71-2.96 y 2.84- 3.09 respectivamente, las cuales fueron transformadas a trazos generalizados; el primero formado por tres trazos individuales (Micrurus bernadi, Rhadinaea marcellae y R. quinquelineata) y el segundo formado por dos trazos individuales (Geophis mutitorques y Thamnophis sumichrasti). Estos trazos generalizados pueden considerarse un solo patrón de distribución, dada la cercanía geográfica y su topología. Al compararse los métodos se observó que ambos son útiles para la identificación de trazos generalizados, y aunque son independientes, se sugiere su uso de manera complementaria. Sin embargo, para una correcta aplicación e interpretación de los resultados, es necesario considerar las bases teóricas de cada método, así como la correcta elección del tamaño de las unidades de estudio. En el caso particular del AE si se utilizan tamaños de celda pequeños éstos pueden resultar ideales para la búsqueda de patrones biogeográficos a través de límites geopolíticos y esta información puede favorecer la realización de pro- puestas de conservación a nivel estatal que consideren a las especies con distribuciones restringidas, pues la pérdida de éstas representaría la extinción de linajes únicos.

Abstract:One of the most important concepts in Panbiogeography is the generalized track, which represents an ancestral biota fragmented by geological events that can be recovered through several methods, including Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) and endemicity analysis (EA). PAE has been frequently used to identify generalized tracks, while EA is primarily designed to find areas of endemicity, but has been recently proposed for identifying generalized tracks as well. In this study we evaluated these methods to find generalized tracks using the distribution of the 84 snake species of Hidalgo. PAE found one generalized track from three individual tracks (Agkistrodon taylori, Crotalus totonacus and Pliocercus elapoides), supported by 89 % of Bootstrap, and EA identified two generalized tracks, with endemicity index values of 2.71-2.96 and 2.84-3.09, respectively. Those areas were transformed to generalized tracks. The first generalized track was retrieved from three individual tracks (Micrurus bernadi, Rhadinaea marcellae and R. quinquelineata), and the second was recovered from two individual tracks (Geophis mutitorques and Thamnophis sumichrasti). These generalized tracks can be considered a unique distribution pattern, because they resembled each other and agreed in shape. When comparing both methods, we noted that both are useful for identifying generalized tracks, and although they can be used independently, we suggest their complementary use. Nevertheless, to obtain accurate results, it is useful to consider theoretical bases of both methods, along with an appropriate choice of the size of the area. Results using small-grid size in EA are ideal for searching biogeographical patterns within geopolitical limits. Furthermore, they can be used for conservation proposals at state level where endemic species become irreplaceable, and where losing them would imply the extinction of unique lineages. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (4): 1611-1624. Epub 2016 December 01.

ABSTRACT Background The Glittre-ADL test (TGlittre) is a valid and reliable test for the evaluation of functional capacity and involves multiple physical activities of daily living (PADL), which are known to be troublesome to patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, it is still unknown if this test is also able to reflect the functional performance of patients with COPD. Objective To investigate whether the TGlittre reflects the functional performance of COPD patients and whether the necessary time to complete the TGlittre and the PADL varies according to disease severity. Method Thirty-eight patients with COPD (age 65, SD=7 years; forced expiratory volume in the first second 41.3, SD=15.2% predicted) underwent anthropometric and lung function assessments and were submitted to the TGlittre and PADL measurement. Results TGlittre performance correlated significantly (p<0.05) with PADL variables, such as time sitting (r=0.50), walking (r=-0.46), number of steps taken (r=–0.53), walking movement intensity (r=–0.66), walking energy expenditure (r=-0.50), and total energy expenditure (r=–0.33). TGlittre performance was not significantly different in patients among the Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD) spirometric stages, but walking and sitting time were significantly lower and greater, respectively, in severe and very severe patients compared to those with moderate disease (p<0.05). Conclusion The performance on the TGlittre correlates with walking and sitting time and other real life PADL measurements. The severity of the disease is associated with the differences in the level of physical activity in daily life more than in functional capacity.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a composição bacteriana de canais radiculares associados com abscesso apical agudo através de identificação molecular (16S rRNA) de bactérias cultiváveis. Duzentas e vinte cepas, de 20 casos, isoladas por cultura foram submetidas a extração de DNA e amplificação do gene 16S rRNA (PCR), seguido de sequenciamento. As sequências de nucleotídeos obtidas foram comparadas com o banco de dados (GenBank) do National Center of Biotechnology Information através do BLAST. Cepas não identificadas pelo sequenciamento foram submetidas à clonagem. Associação de achados microbiológicos e características clínicas e associação entre espécies bacterianas também foram investigadas. Cinquenta e nove bactérias cultiváveis diferentes foram identificadas pelo sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, pertencentes a 6 filos, numa média de 6 espécies por canal. Método molecular permitiu identificação de 99% das cepas isoladas. As bactérias mais frequentes foram Prevotella spp., Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Parvimonas micra, Dialister invisus, Filifactor alocis, Peptostreptococcus stomatis. Associação positiva foi encontrada entre Prevotella buccae e Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, e entre Parvimonas micra e Prevotella nigrescens (p<0,05). Foi concluído que a microbiota de canais radiculares infectados associados com abscesso apical agudo é diversa e heterogênea, composta principalmente por anaeróbios Gram-negativos, pertencentes aos filos Firmicutes e Bacteroidetes.

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the bacterial composition present in root canals of teeth associated with acute apical abscess by molecular identification (16S rRNA) of cultivable bacteria. Two hundred and twenty strains isolated by culture from 20 root canals were subjected to DNA extraction and amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (PCR), followed by sequencing. The resulting nucleotide sequences were compared to the GenBank database from the National Center of Biotechnology Information through BLAST. Strains not identified by sequencing were submitted to clonal analysis. The association of microbiological findings with clinical features and the association between microbial species were also investigated. Fifty-nine different cultivable bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, belonging to 6 phyla, with an average number of 6 species per root canal. Molecular approaches allowed identification of 99% of isolates. The most frequently identified bacteria were Prevotella spp., Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Parvimonas micra, Dialister invisus, Filifactor alocis, and Peptostreptococcus stomatis. Positive association was found between Prevotella buccae and Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus and between Parvimonas micra and Prevotella nigrescens (both p<0.05). It was concluded that the microbiota of infected root canals associated with acute apical abscess is diverse and heterogeneous, composed mainly of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, with the great majority belonging to the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.

Objetivo : Traduzir para a língua portuguesa e fazer a adaptação cultural do questionário The Manchester Respiratory Activities of Daily Living (MRADL) para uso no Brasil. Métodos : A versão em língua inglesa do MRADL foi traduzida por duas pesquisadoras da área da saúde com fluência na língua inglesa. Uma versão de consenso foi obtida por outras duas pesquisadoras e uma médica pneumologista. Essa versão foi retrotraduzida para o inglês por um tradutor nascido em um país de língua inglesa e fluente em português. O processo de desdobramento cognitivo consistiu em testar a compreensão, a clareza e a aceitabilidade do questionário traduzido na população alvo, aplicando-o em dez indivíduos com DPOC. Com base nos resultados, foi realizada a formulação da versão brasileira do MRADL após sua aprovação pelo comitê e um dos autores do questionário original. Resultados : Poucos itens foram questionados pelo autor da escala original, e algumas modificações relacionadas aos domínios mobilidade e higiene pessoal foram realizadas. Foram observadas diferenças culturais quanto ao domínio atividades domésticas, em especial o item "Consegue lavar a roupa e estendê-la para secar?" devido a condições socioeconômicas e climáticas. O item "cuida do seu jardim?" foi questionado pelos participantes que moravam em apartamentos, sendo modificado para "cuida do seu jardim ou plantas em seu apartamento?". Conclusões : A versão final do MRADL, traduzido e adaptado para uso no Brasil, mostrou ser de fácil compreensão e aplicação.

Objective : To translate The Manchester Respiratory Activities of Daily Living (MRADL) questionnaire into Portuguese and to create a version of the MRADL that is cross-culturally adapted for use in Brazil. Methods : The English-language version of the MRADL was translated into Portuguese by two health care researchers who were fluent in English. A consensus version was obtained by other two researchers and a pulmonologist. That version was back-translated into English by another translator who was a native speaker of English and fluent in Portuguese. The cognitive debriefing process consisted in having 10 COPD patients complete the translated questionnaire in order to test its understandability, clarity, and acceptability in the target population. On the basis of the results, the final Portuguese-language version of the MRADL was produced and approved by the committee and one of the authors of the original questionnaire. Results : The author of the MRADL questioned only a few items in the translated version, and some changes were made to the mobility and personal hygiene domains. Cultural differences regarding the domestic activities domain were found, in particular regarding the item "Do you have the ability to do a full clothes wash and hang them out to dry?", due to socioeconomic and climatic issues. The item "Do you take care of your garden?" was questioned by the participants who lived in apartments, being modified to "Do you take care of your garden or plants in your apartment?" Conclusions : The final Portuguese-language version of the MRADL adapted for use in Brazil was found to be easy to understand and easily applied.