Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of additives and storage time on the quality and aerobic deterioration of silages of pineapple crop waste. A completely randomized design was used, in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, with three treatments: pineapple waste silage without additives or with the addition of cornmeal or wheat bran (20% fresh matter) at three storage times (60, 90, and 120 days). After each storage time, losses and aerobic deterioration were quantified, chemical composition was analyzed, and digestibility assays were performed. The storage time of 120 days resulted in higher dry matter losses in all treatments. The additives incremented the dry matter contents of the pineapple-based silages, which went from 182.1 g kg−1 (control silage) to 298.7 and 297.6 g kg−1 (cornmeal and wheat bran, respectively). The control silage with the addition of cornmeal showed the highest dry matter digestibility (739.7 g kg−1) and lowest neutral detergent fiber content (251.9 g kg−1). The production of CO2 started to increase on the first day of air exposure in silages without additives, but only after six days in those with additives. Including cornmeal as an additive in the silage of pineapple crop waste improves its digestibility and reduces its deterioration speed.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de aditivos e tempos de armazenamento sobre a qualidade e a deterioração aeróbia de silagens de resíduos de cultura do abacaxi. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3×3, com três tratamentos: silagem de resíduos culturais de abacaxi sem aditivo ou aditivada com fubá de milho ou farelo de trigo (20% da matéria fresca), em três tempos de armazenamento (60, 90 e 120 dias). Após cada tempo de armazenamento, realizaram-se quantificações de perdas e deterioração aeróbia, análises da composição química e ensaios de digestibilidade. O tempo de armazenamento por 120 dias resultou em maiores perdas de matéria seca em todos os tratamentos. Os aditivos incrementaram os teores de matéria seca das silagens à base de abacaxi, que passaram de 182,1 g kg−1 (silagem controle) para 298,7 e 297,6 g kg−1 (fubá de milho e farelo de trigo, respectivamente). A silagem controle adicionada de fubá de milho apresentou maior digestibilidade da matéria seca (739,7 g kg−1) e menor teor de fibra em detergente neutro (251,9 g kg−1). A produção de CO2 aumentou a partir do primeiro dia de exposição ao ar nas silagens não aditivadas, mas apenas a partir do sexto dia nas aditivadas. A inclusão do fubá de milho como aditivo na silagem de resíduos de abacaxi melhora sua digestibilidade e reduz sua velocidade de deterioração.

BACKGROUND During routine Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, an unusually high viral load was detected by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in a nasopharyngeal swab sample collected from a patient with respiratory and neurological symptoms who rapidly succumbed to the disease. Therefore we sought to characterise the infection. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine and characterise the etiological agent responsible for the poor outcome. METHODS Classical virological methods, such as plaque assay and plaque reduction neutralisation test combined with amplicon-based sequencing, as well as a viral metagenomic approach, were performed to characterise the etiological agents of the infection. FINDINGS Plaque assay revealed two distinct plaque phenotypes, suggesting either the presence of two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains or a productive coinfection of two different species of virus. Amplicon-based sequencing did not support the presence of any SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants that would explain the high viral load and suggested the presence of a single SARS-CoV-2 strain. Nonetheless, the viral metagenomic analysis revealed that Coronaviridae and Herpesviridae were the predominant virus families within the sample. This finding was confirmed by a plaque reduction neutralisation test and PCR. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We characterised a productive coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in a patient with severe symptoms that succumbed to the disease. Although we cannot establish the causal relationship between the coinfection and the severity of the clinical case, this work serves as a warning for future studies focused on the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1 coinfection and COVID-19 severity.

Resumo Fundamento Ainda não temos informações acerca do impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre a atividade médica assistencial no Brasil. Objetivo Descrever as repercussões da pandemia da COVID-19 na rotina de atendimentos em um hospital terciário, referência regional em cardiologia e oncologia. Métodos Estudo de corte transversal. Foi realizado levantamento dos atendimentos no período de 23/03/2020 (fechamento do comércio local) até 23/04/2020 (P20) e comparado com o mesmo período em 2019 (P19).Resultados: Detectamos redução no número de consultas cardiológicas, teste ergométrico, Holter, monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial, eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma (90%, 84%, 94%, 92%, 94% e 81%, respectivamente). Em relação à cirurgia cardíaca e cateterismo cardíaco, houve redução de 48% e 60%, respectivamente. Aumento no número de angioplastia transluminal coronária (33%) e de implante de marca-passo definitivo (29%). Houve 97 internamentos na UTI em P19, contra 78 em P20, redução de 20%. Diminuição dos atendimentos no pronto-socorro cardiológico (45%) e nos internamentos na enfermaria de cardiologia (36%). Houve diminuição nas consultas oncológicas de 30%. Sessões de quimioterapia reduziram de 1.944 para 1.066 (45%). Sessões de radioterapia diminuíram 19%. Conclusão A COVID-19 provocou redução considerável no número de consultas nos ambulatórios de cardiologia, oncologia e demais especialidades. Houve uma preocupante diminuição no número de cirurgias cardíacas e nas sessões de quimioterapia e radioterapia nas semanas iniciais da pandemia. A procura por atendimento no pronto-socorro cardiológico, assim como as internações na UTI e enfermaria cardiológicas, também reduziram, gerando preocupação acerca da evolução e prognóstico destes pacientes portadores de outras patologias, que não a COVID-19, nestes tempos de pandemia. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background We still do not have information regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical care activity in Brazil. Objective To describe the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care routine of a tertiary hospital, which is a regional reference in cardiology and oncology. Methods Cross-sectional cohort study. We conducted a survey of medical visits from March 23, 2020 (when local commerce was closed) to April 23, 2020 (P20), in comparison with the same period in 2019 (P19). Results We found decreases in the number of cardiology consultations, exercise tests, Holter, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram (90%, 84%, 94%, 92%, 94%, and 81%, respectively). In relation to cardiac surgery and cardiac catheterization, there were 48% and 60% decreases, respectively. There was an increase in the number of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (33%) and definitive pacemaker implantations (29%). There were 97 admissions to the ICU during P19, in contrast with 78 during P20, a 20% decrease. Visits to the cardiac emergency room (45%) and admissions to the cardiology ward (36%) also decreased. The decrease in oncology consultations was 30%. Chemotherapy sessions decreased from 1,944 to 1,066 (45%), and radiotherapy sessions decreased by 19%. Conclusion COVID-19 has led to a considerable decrease in the number of consultations in outpatient clinics for cardiology, oncology, and other specialties. There was a concerning decrease in the number of cardiac surgeries, chemotherapy sessions, and radiotherapy sessions during the initial weeks of the pandemic. The number of people seeking care in the cardiac emergency room and the number of admissions to the cardiology ward and ICU also decreased, generating concern regarding the evolution and prognosis of these patients with pathologies other than COVID-19 during this pandemic time. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the acute effects of a session of water-based aerobic exercise on the blood lipid levels of women with dyslipidemia and to compare these results according to their training status. METHOD: Fourteen premenopausal women with dyslipidemia, aged 40–50 years, participated in two water-based aerobic exercise sessions, the first when they were generally sedentary and the second after they were trained with a water-based aerobic training program for 12 weeks. Both experimental sessions were performed using the same protocol, lasted 45 min, and incorporated an interval method, alternating 3 min at a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 13 and 2 min at an RPE of 9. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lipoprotein lipase enzyme (LPL) were obtained through venous blood collection before and immediately after each session. A generalized estimating equation method and Bonferroni tests were conducted (with time and training status as factors) for statistical analyses. RESULTS: At enrollment, the mean age of the participants was 46.57 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 44.81−48.34). The statistical analyses showed a significant time effect for all variables (TC: p=0.008; TG: p=0.012; HDL: p<0.001; LPL: p<0.001) except for LDL (p=0.307). However, the training status effect was not significant for any variable (TC: p=0.527; TG: p=0.899; HDL: p=0.938; LDL: p=0.522; LPL: p=0.737). These results indicate that the TC and TG levels reduced and the HDL and LPL concentrations increased from pre- to post-session in similar magnitudes in both sedentary and trained women. CONCLUSIONS: A single water-based aerobic exercise session is sufficient and effective to beneficially modify the lipid profile of women with dyslipidemia, regardless of their training status.

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a experiência e os resultados preliminares do Comitê de Investigação de Óbitos por Arboviroses no Ceará, Brasil, em 2017. Métodos: o Comitê investiga e discute todos os casos suspeitos de óbitos por arboviroses notificados pela vigilância epidemiológica. Resultados: foram notificados 443 óbitos suspeitos de arboviroses e 220 (49,7%) foram confirmados; destes, 88,2% por chikungunya e 11,8% por dengue; a mediana de idade dos óbitos por chikungunya foi mais elevada, quando comparada à da dengue (77 versus 56 anos), e o tempo de evolução até o óbito também foi mais prolongado, quando comparado ao da dengue (38 versus 12 dias); para o encerramento dos casos, a mediana foi de 54,5 dias; em 2017, o Ceará confirmou 80,4% dos óbitos por chikungunya no Brasil. Conclusão: a análise dos óbitos mostrou que o CHIKV foi o responsável pela maior parte dos óbitos por arboviroses no estado do Ceará, em 2017.

Abstract Objective: to describe the experience and preliminary results of the Arbovirus Death Investigation Committee in Ceará, Brazil, in 2017. Methods: the Committee investigates and discusses all suspected cases of arbovirus deaths reported by the epidemiological surveillance service. Results: a total of 443 suspected arbovirus deaths were reported, 220 (49.7%) of which were confirmed; of these, 88.2% were from chikungunya and 11.8% from dengue; the median age of chikungunya deaths was higher when compared to dengue (77 versus 56 years) and the time until death was also longer when compared to dengue (38 versus 12 days); median time for case closure was 54.5 days; in 2017, Ceará confirmed 80.4% of Brazilian chikungunya deaths. Conclusion: the investigation of deaths showed that CHIK viruses were responsible for the majority of arboviral deaths in the state of Ceará, in 2017.

Resumen Objetivo: describir la experiencia y los resultados preliminares del Comité de Investigación de Óbitos por Arbovirus desarrollada en Ceará, Brasil, en 2017. Métodos: el comité discute los casos sospechosos de muertes por arbovirus notificados por la vigilancia epidemiológica. Resultados: se notificaron 443 óbitos sospechosos y 220 (49,7%) fueron confirmados; de estos, 88,2% por chikungunya y 11,8% por dengue; el promedio de edad de los fallecimientos por chikungunya fue más elevado (77 versus 56 años) y el tiempo de evolución hasta el óbito más prolongado, en comparación con el dengue (38 versus 12 días); para el cierre de los casos el promedio fue de 54,5 días; en 2017, Ceará confirmó 80,4% de las muertes por chikungunya en Brasil. Conclusión: El análisis de muertes mostró que CHIKV fue responsable de la mayoría de las muertes por arbovirus en el estado de Ceará, en 2017.

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a experiência e os resultados preliminares do Comitê de Investigação de Óbitos por Arboviroses no Ceará, Brasil, em 2017. Métodos: o Comitê investiga e discute todos os casos suspeitos de óbitos por arboviroses notificados pela vigilância epidemiológica. Resultados: foram notificados 443 óbitos suspeitos de arboviroses e 220 (49,7%) foram confirmados; destes, 88,2% por chikungunya e 11,8% por dengue; a mediana de idade dos óbitos por chikungunya foi mais elevada, quando comparada à da dengue (77 versus 56 anos), e o tempo de evolução até o óbito também foi mais prolongado, quando comparado ao da dengue (38 versus 12 dias); para o encerramento dos casos, a mediana foi de 54,5 dias; em 2017, o Ceará confirmou 80,4% dos óbitos por chikungunya no Brasil. Conclusão: a análise dos óbitos mostrou que o CHIKV foi o responsável pela maior parte dos óbitos por arboviroses no estado do Ceará, em 2017.

Abstract Objective: to describe the experience and preliminary results of the Arbovirus Death Investigation Committee in Ceará, Brazil, in 2017. Methods: the Committee investigates and discusses all suspected cases of arbovirus deaths reported by the epidemiological surveillance service. Results: a total of 443 suspected arbovirus deaths were reported, 220 (49.7%) of which were confirmed; of these, 88.2% were from chikungunya and 11.8% from dengue; the median age of chikungunya deaths was higher when compared to dengue (77 versus 56 years) and the time until death was also longer when compared to dengue (38 versus 12 days); median time for case closure was 54.5 days; in 2017, Ceará confirmed 80.4% of Brazilian chikungunya deaths. Conclusion: the investigation of deaths showed that CHIK viruses were responsible for the majority of arboviral deaths in the state of Ceará, in 2017.

Resumen Objetivo: describir la experiencia y los resultados preliminares del Comité de Investigación de Óbitos por Arbovirus desarrollada en Ceará, Brasil, en 2017. Métodos: el comité discute los casos sospechosos de muertes por arbovirus notificados por la vigilancia epidemiológica. Resultados: se notificaron 443 óbitos sospechosos y 220 (49,7%) fueron confirmados; de estos, 88,2% por chikungunya y 11,8% por dengue; el promedio de edad de los fallecimientos por chikungunya fue más elevado (77 versus 56 años) y el tiempo de evolución hasta el óbito más prolongado, en comparación con el dengue (38 versus 12 días); para el cierre de los casos el promedio fue de 54,5 días; en 2017, Ceará confirmó 80,4% de las muertes por chikungunya en Brasil. Conclusión: El análisis de muertes mostró que CHIKV fue responsable de la mayoría de las muertes por arbovirus en el estado de Ceará, en 2017.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the elution-concentration methodology based on skimmed milk flocculation from three varieties of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. [globe], Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme [cherry] and hybrid cocktail [grape tomato]) for further monitoring of field samples. Spiking experiments were performed to determine the success rate and efficiency recovery of human norovirus (NoV) genogroup II, norovirus murine-1 (MNV-1) used as sample process control virus and human adenovirus (HAdV). Mean values of 18.8%, 2.8% and 44.0% were observed for NoV GII, MNV-1 and HAdV, respectively with differences according to the types of tomatoes, with lower efficiency for cherry tomatoes. Analysis of 90 samples, obtained at commercial establishments in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro State, revealed 4.5% positivity for HAdV. Bacterial analysis was also performed with no detection of Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes and fecal coliforms. Data demonstrated that the skimmed milk flocculation method is suitable for recovering HAdV from tomatoes and highlights the need for considering investigation in order to improve food safety.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate live weight and carcass traits, from birth to slaughter, and meat quality of Nellore (NEL), Curraleiro Pé-Duro (CPD), and crossbred (F1) products in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Progenies from CPD, NEL, and their F1 crossbred (½ NEL + ½ CPD), a total of 252, males and females, from birth to 24 months of age, were evaluated in a comparative study in growth performance. The steers were sent to slaughter at 28 months of age and carcasses and meat quality were analyzed. After slaughter, carcass weight, dressing percentage and Longissimus dorsi area (rib eye area) were evaluated; an index was created by the relationship between these measures per hundred kg of chilled carcass produced. To assess meat quality, the shear force, water-holding capacity, color, brightness, pH, and cooking loss were investigated. Results obtained showed that month and year of birth were significant on growth, indicating influence of climatic variables. Nellore offspring was heavier than F1 and this was heavier than CPD throughout the study period, including the hot and cold carcass. No differences were found in dressing percentage among NEL and F1, but CPD and F1 showed a rib eye area and index significantly higher than NEL. The meat from CPD group presented a stronger red coloration than the others, but there was no significant difference in the remaining meat qualitative variables among the three groups. Curraleiro Pé-Duro and F1 crossbred produce more meat per 100 kg of carcass than Nellore in natural pasture of Piauí State.

Objective: To assess the nutritional status of elderly living in nursing homes in the city of Salvador, Brazil and associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed with 359 individuals of both sexes, ages equal or over 60 years old, located in Nursing Homes in the urban area of the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Results: Regarding nutritional status according to Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), 66.3% of the evaluated elderly were malnourished and at risk of malnutrition. When comparing sexes, it has been observed that among men the prevalence of this condition (76.6%) was higher than in women (62.4%). It has been observed, as a result of the multivariate analysis, that only the variable functional capacity for Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was statistically significant. There was moderate correlation between MNA and Mini-Mental State Examination (r=0.454; p<0.0001), as well as between MNA and the ADL scale (r=0.569; p<0.0001). There was weak negative correlation between MNA total score and age (r=0.159; p=0.002). Conclusion: Malnutrition and malnutrition risk were conditions of remarkable importance, with almost twothirds of the elderly in this situation. ADL functional capacity must be monitored given their close relationship with the nutritional status of the elderly. An interdisciplinary approach in the context of institutionalization is needed due to the association between nutritional status and variables of different dimensions.

Objective: Evaluar el estado nutricional de los ancianos residentes en Hogares para Ancianos, en la ciudad de Salvador, Brasil y factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 359 individuos mayores de 60 años, de ambos sexos y residentes en hogares de ancianos en la zona urbana de la ciudad de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Resultados: En cuanto al estado nutricional de acuerdo con Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), el 66,3% de los ancianos evaluados estaban desnutridos y en riesgo de desnutrición. La prevalencia de esta afección fue mayor entre los hombres (76,6%) en comparación con las mujeres (62,4%). Se ha observado, como resultado del análisis multivariado, que sólo la capacidad funcional variable para Actividades de la Vida Diaria (AVD) fue estadísticamente significativa. Hubo correlación moderada entre MNA y Mini Examen del Estado Mental (r = 0,454; p <0,0001), así como entre MNA y la escala AVD (r = 0,569; p <0,0001). Hubo correlación débil negativa entre la puntuación total del MNA y la edad (r = 0,159; p = 0,002). Conclusión: La desnutrición y el riesgo de desnutrición fueron de importancia excepcional de las condiciones, porque casi dos tercios de los ancianos estaban en esta situación. La capacidad funcional para AVD debe ser supervisada por su estrecha relación con el estado nutricional de las personas mayores. Un enfoque interdisciplinario en el contexto de la institucionalización es necesario debido a la asociación entre el estado nutricional y variables de diferentes dimensiones.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre bioimpedância elétrica (BIA) e gordura visceral (GV) em adultos e idosos. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, 191 indivíduos (52% mulheres, 49% idosos), estratificados por sexo, grupo etário e massa corporal. Obtiveram-se dados sobre tomografia computadorizada (área de GV) e BIA (percentual de gordura corporal total (%GCT-BIA), ângulo de fase, reactância e resistência). Análise estatística: Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson, Anova, Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Curva ROC. RESULTADOS: Áreas de GV > 130 cm² foram mais observadas em idosos e em homens. Entre as mulheres adultas, mostrou-se correlação mais forte entre GV e %GCT-BIA. Os demais grupos apresentaram resultados semelhantes e correlações estatisticamente significantes. As correlações entre GV e ângulo de fase foram fracas e sem significância estatística. As análises da Curva ROC indicaram os seguintes %GCT-BIA que identificaram excesso de GV: homens: 21,5% (adultos), 24,25% (idosos); mulheres: 35,05% (adultas), 38,45% (idosas), com sensibilidade de 78,6%, 82,1%, 83,3%, 66,7% e especificidade de 70,6%, 62,5%, 79,1%, 69%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: BIA apresentou satisfatória sensibilidade e especificidade para predizer GV, entretanto, outros aparelhos e técnicas devem ser investigados para melhorar essa predição.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and visceral fat (VF) in adult and elderly patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 191 subjects (52% women, 49% elderly) stratified by sex, age and body mass. Computerized tomography (VF area) and BIA (percentage of total body fat (%TBF-BIA), phase angle, reactance and resistance) data were generated. Statistical analysis was based on Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Anova, Pearson's Chi-square, and ROC curves. RESULTS: VF areas > 130 cm² were more prevalent among the elderly and among men. Adult females showed a stronger correlation between GV and %TBF-BIA. The other groups showed similar results and statistically significant correlations. Correlations between GV and phase angle were weak and not statistically significant. ROC Curves analyzes showed the following %TBF-BIA, which identified excess VF: for male subjects: 21.5% (adults) and 24.25% (elderly); for female subjects: 35.05% (adults) and 38.45% (elderly) with sensitivity of 78.6%, 82.1%, 83.3%, and 66.7%, and specificity of 70.6%, 62.5%, 79.1%, and 69%, respectively. CONCLUSION: BIA was found to have satisfactory sensitivity and specificity to predict VF; however, other devices and other techniques should be investigated to improve VF prediction.

OBJETIVO: Determinar os níveis plasmáticos de homocisteína de jejum e após sobrecarga de metionina e correlacionar a homocisteinemia com o polimorfismo C677T e A1298C da metilenotetra-hidrofolato redutase (MTHFR) em diabéticos tipo 2. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: O estudo incluiu 50 adultos diabéticos tipo 2 (Grupo DM) e 52 indivíduos saudáveis (Grupo controle). Obtiveram-se os dados antropométricos, de ingestão alimentar, níveis séricos de vitamina B12, ácido fólico e homocisteína plasmática. Os polimorfismos C677T e A1298C foram identificados no gene da enzima MTHFR. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença na homocisteinemia entre os grupos, embora a hiper-homocisteinemia de jejum tenha ocorrido em 40% dos diabéticos e 23% dos controles. Para o mesmo polimorfismo, não houve diferenças na homocisteinemia entre os grupos de estudo. Nos controles, a homocisteína foi maior entre aqueles com polimorfismos C677T e A1298C. Os diabéticos com polimorfismo A1298C apresentaram menores níveis de homocisteína quando comparados àqueles com polimorfismo C677T. CONCLUSÃO: Os polimorfismos da MTHFR (C677T e A1298C) resultaram em resposta distinta na homocisteinemia entre os indivíduos dentro de cada grupo (diabéticos e controles). Os dados sugerem que fatores metabólicos inerentes ao estado diabético influenciam o metabolismo da homocisteína.

OBJECTIVE: To determine plasma homocysteine levels during fasting and after methionine overload, and to correlate homocysteinemia according to methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism in type 2 diabetic adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 50 type 2 diabetic adults (DM group) and 52 healthy subjects (Control group). Anthropometric data, and information on food intake, serum levels of vitamin B12, folic acid and plasma homocysteine were obtained. The identification of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms was carried out in the MTHFR gene. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in homocysteinemia between the two groups, and hyperhomocysteinemia during fasting occurred in 40% of the diabetic patients and in 23% of the controls. For the same polymorphism, there was not any significant difference in homocysteine between the groups. In the Control group, homocysteinemia was greater in those subjects with C677T and A1298C polymorphisms. Among diabetic subjects, those with the A1298C polymorphism had lower levels of homocysteine compared with individuals with C677T polymorphism. CONCLUSION:The MTHFR polymorphism (C677T and A1298C) resulted in different outcomes regarding homocysteinemia among individuals of each group (diabetic and control). These data suggest that metabolic factors inherent to diabetes influence homocysteine metabolism.

OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil do nutricionista atuante no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, participante das formações realizadas pelo Centro Colaborador em Alimentação e Nutrição do Escolar da Universidade Federal da Bahia nos Estados do Nordeste, no ano de 2007. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo exploratório com amostragem não probabilística de 434 nutricionistas. Analisaram-se variáveis relacionadas à formação acadêmico-profissional, à atuação profissional, às atividades desenvolvidas no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e variáveis sociodemográficas. Utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, através do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, para verificar associações entre o tempo de atuação no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e as atividades desenvolvidas. RESULTADOS: A maior parte era do sexo feminino (97,2%), na faixa de 20 a 30 anos (42,7%) e possuíam mais de dez anos de formado (40,2%), predominando o vínculo empregatício efetivo por tempo parcial no Programa (53,3%). O rendimento mensal auferido pela maior parte dos nutricionistas estava situado entre 2-5 salários-mínimos (64,1%). Dos nutricionistas que realizavam frequentemente as atividades analisadas, a maior parte possuía 2-5 anos de Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O nutricionista no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar assume responsabilidades que fazem interface com outras áreas do conhecimento, destacadamente educação e administração. Paralelamente, apesar da satisfação na atuação profissional, os participantes sentem-se pouco satisfeitos em relação às condições de trabalho.

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the profile of dieticians who work for the National School Food Program and participated in training courses offered by the Schoolchildren's Food and Nutrition Collaborator Center of the Northeastern states in 2007. METHODS: This descriptive, exploratory study used nonprobability sampling to recruit 434 dieticians. Education, work experience, work, activities performed at National School Food Program and sociodemographic variables were analyzed. Pearson's chi square test was used to investigate possible associations between time working for National School Food Program and performed activities. RESULTS: Most participants were females (97.2%) aged 20 to 30 years (42.7%) and graduated more than ten years ago (40.2%). Most were also working only part time in the program (53.3%). The income of most dieticians ranged from 2-5 minimum salaries (64.1%). Most dieticians who frequently performed the analyzed activities had been in National School Food Program for 2-5 years (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: National School Food Program dieticians take on responsibilities that overlap with other areas of knowledge, especially education and administration. In parallel, despite the professional satisfaction, the participants were not very satisfied with their work conditions.

OBJETIVO: O estudo objetivou analisar os resultados relativos à avaliação de um Programa de Formação para Nutricionistas que atuam no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar da região Nordeste. Este programa foi desenvolvido pelo Centro Colaborador em Alimentação e Nutrição do Escolar da Universidade Federal da Bahia em parceria com o Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação, nos idos de 2007 e 2008. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram produzidos através da técnica de grupos focais com nutricionistas que participaram do Programa de Formação. Foram realizados quatro grupos focais e os dados produzidos foram organizados em duas categorias de análise: sobre a aprendizagem durante a formação e sobre a capacidade de instituição de mudanças. RESULTADOS: Os participantes eram predominantemente do sexo feminino, com idade variando entre 20 e 35 anos e haviam participado do Programa de Formação pelo menos três meses antes do estudo. Em relação à avaliação do programa de formação, pôde-se afirmar que o mesmo não apenas proporcionou um aprimoramento técnico-científico em torno dos temas pertinentes à prática profissional exigida, mas também à dimensão ético-política do trabalho. Enfatizou-se que estimulou a mobilização na perspectiva do fortalecimento da categoria, incentivou as parcerias entre os diferentes agentes e setores e fomentou o planejamento de novas ações valorizando o uso da legislação. CONCLUSÃO: A perspectiva dialógica foi marcante para os participantes, que puderam confrontar as suas realidades com as dos demais, possibilitando reflexão coletiva sobre a atuação do nutricionista no campo da alimentação escolar.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed a training program for dieticians, actors of the Brazilian School Food Program, in Northeast Brazil. This program was developed by a partnership between the Schoolchildren's Food and Nutrition Collaborator Center from the Federal University of Bahia and National Education Development Fund, from 2007 and 2008. METHODS: The focus group method was administered to dieticians who participated in the training program. Four focus groups were done and the data were organized into two categories: one about learning during the training program and one about the ability to make changes. RESULTS: Most participants were females aged 20 to 35 years. Their participation in the training program had been at least three months before the study. Assessment of the training program showed that the program improved their technical and scientific knowledge about themes related to professional practice and about the ethical and political dimension of their work. The program encouraged mobilization for possibly strengthening the category, incentivized partnerships among different agents and sectors and promoted the planning of new law-enforcement actions. CONCLUSION: The dialogical perspective was striking for the participants, enabling them to confront their realities and collectively reflect on the dietician's role in the field of school food.

Isoniazid (INH), one of the most important drugs used in antituberculosis (anti-TB) treatment, is also the major drug involved in hepatotoxicity. Differences in INH-induced toxicity have been attributed to genetic variability at several loci, such as NAT2, CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1, that code for drug-metabolising enzymes. Our goal was to examine the polymorphisms in these enzymes as susceptibility factors to anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis in Brazilian individuals. In a case-control design, 167 unrelated active tuberculosis patients from the University Hospital of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were enrolled in this study. Patients with a history of anti-TB drug-induced acute hepatitis (cases with an increase to 3 times the upper limit of normal serum transaminases and symptoms of hepatitis) and patients with no evidence of anti-TB hepatic side effects (controls) were genotyped for NAT2, CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. Slow acetylators had a higher incidence of hepatitis than intermediate/rapid acetylators [22% (18/82) vs. 9.8% (6/61), odds ratio (OR), 2.86, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-7.68, p = 0.04). Logistic regression showed that slow acetylation status was the only independent risk factor (OR 3.59, 95% CI, 2.53-4.64, p = 0.02) for the occurrence of anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis during anti-TB treatment with INH-containing schemes in Brazilian individuals.

FUNDAMENTO: A obesidade androgênica está associada a um risco maior de distúrbios metabólicos, favorecendo assim a ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares e outras morbidades. OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência da área de tecido adiposo visceral (ATAV), medida pela tomografia computadorizada, sobre alterações metabólicas em adultos e idosos. MÉTODOS: Tomografias computadorizadas e valores de lipoproteínas: o colesterol total e frações, os triglicérides, a glicemia e o ácido úrico foram obtidos de 194 indivíduos estratificados por sexo, grupo etário e massa corporal, e analisados utilizando os testes de correlação e de média. RESULTADOS: Os idosos apresentaram maiores valores da ATAV, glicemia, ácido úrico e colesterol total. As maiores correlações foram encontradas entre a ATAV, os triglicérides e o VLDL-c (r > 0,5; p < 0,01), em ambos os grupos etários. A média da área de tecido adiposo visceral mostrou-se sempre mais elevada quando os valores de triglicérides e de glicemia estavam alterados, em ambos os grupos etários. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos exames apresentou forte correlação com a ATAV considerada de risco para alterações metabólicas. Em idosos, a área de tecido adiposo visceral de risco parece ser superior a de adultos.

BACKGROUND: Androgenic obesity is associated with a higher risk of metabolic disorders, thus favoring the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and other morbidities. OBJECTIVE: To verify the influence of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, measured by computed tomography (CT), on the metabolic alterations in adult and elderly individuals. METHODS: CT results and lipoprotein levels, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, glycemia and uric acid levels, were obtained from 194 individuals stratified by sex, age group and body mass and analyzed using the tests of correlation and means. RESULTS: The elderly individuals presented higher VAT area, glycemia, uric acid and total cholesterol levels. The most important correlations were observed between VAT area, triglycerides (TG) and VLDL-c (r > 0.5; p < 0.01), in both age groups. The mean VAT area was always higher when TG and glycemia levels were altered, in both age groups. CONCLUSION: Most tests showed a strong correlation with VAT area, which was considered as risk for metabolic alterations. In elderly individuals, the risk VAT area seems to be higher than that of adult individuals.

FUNDAMENTO: La obesidad androgénica está asociada a un riesgo mayor de disturbios metabólicos, favoreciendo así la ocurrencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares y otras morbilidades. OBJETIVOS: Verificar la influencia del área de tejido adiposo visceral (ATAV), medida por la tomografía computarizada, sobre alteraciones metabólicas en adultos y adultos mayores. MÉTODOS: Tomografías computarizadas y valores de lipoproteínas: el colesterol total y fracciones, los triglicéridos, la glucemia y el ácido úrico se obtuvieron de 194 individuos estratificados por sexo, grupo de edad y masa corporal, y se analizaron utilizando las pruebas de correlación y de promedio. RESULTADOS: Los adultos mayores presentaron mayores valores de la ATAV, glucemia, ácido úrico y colesterol total. Las mayores correlaciones se encontraron entre la ATAV, los triglicéridos y el VLDL-c (r > 0,5; p < 0,01), en ambos grupos de edad. La media del área de tejido adiposo visceral se evidenció siempre más elevada cuando los valores de triglicéridos y de glucemia estaban alterados, en ambos grupos de edad. CONCLUSIÓN: La mayoría de los exámenes presentó fuerte correlación con la ATAV considerada de riesgo para alteraciones metabólicas. En adultos mayores, el área de tejido adiposo visceral de riesgo parece ser superior a la de adultos.