Abstract Introduction The immune reconstitution (IR) after the allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a progressive process intrinsically correlated to the therapeutic success. It is essential to understand the interfering factors in IR to prevent the HSCT-related mortality. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes, absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) and lymphocyte subtypes at different time-points of 111 pediatric patients with allogeneic HSCT for malignant and non-malignant diseases from 2013 to 2018. Results The ALCs gradually increased on D+30, D+100, and D+180 (medians 634/μL, 1022/μL and 1541/μL, respectively). On D+100, the CD3+CD8+ achieved the highest recovery rate (68%), followed by the CD16+CD56+ (47%), CD3+CD4+ (39%) and CD19+ (8%). The adequate ALC recovery was associated with age < 8 years, bone marrow grafts, myeloablative conditioning, non-use of serotherapy and non-haploidentical donors. The ALC and CD3+CD8+ on D+100 counts were higher in patients with the cytomegalovirus infection. The CD3+CD4+ recovery was associated with an age < 8 years, a non-malignant disease and a lower incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease ≥ grade 2. Furthermore, the ALC recovery on D+100 resulted in a higher overall survival, regardless of the disease type (HR 3.65, 1.05 - 12.71, p= 0.04). Conclusion Several factors influenced the IR after the allo-HSCT. The ALC ≥ 500/μL on D+100 was a simple IR predictor of survival, easily available to resource-limited centers.

In the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax metacaspase 1 (PvMCA1) catalytic domain in two municipalities of the main malaria hotspot in Brazil, i.e., the Juruá Valley, and observed complete sequence identity among all P. vivax field isolates and the Sal-1 reference strain. Analysis of PvMCA1 catalytic domain in different P. vivax genomic sequences publicly available also revealed a high degree of conservation worldwide, with very few amino acid substitutions that were not related to putative histidine and cysteine catalytic residues, whose involvement with the active site of protease was herein predicted by molecular modeling. The genetic conservation presented by PvMCA1 may contribute to its eligibility as a druggable target candidate in vivax malaria.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the correlation between the values of nasal aeration and geometry of the nasal cavities, before and after nasal cleansing in children with mouth breathing. Methods: 20 children aged 4 to 12 years old were chosen. The questionnaire Identification Index of Signs and Symptoms of Oral breathing was applied and nasal patency was assessed by nasal aeration, through the Altmann graded mirror, and the nasal geometry measured by acoustic rhinometry. After nasal cleansing and massage, the same aeration measurements and nasal geometry procedures were performed. Group normality was analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test considering the hypothesis of normal distribution whenever p>0.05. The Spearman’s test was applied to analyze the correlation between variables (p<0.05). Results: there was a strong and significant correlation between nasal aeration and the corresponding cross-sectional area of the front of the inferior turbinate (CSA2) in the left cavity before cleansing. There were no correlations between the nasal aeration and other rhinometric variables. Conclusion: there was a correlation between nasal aeration values and the anterior portion of the turbinates, before the massage and nasal cleansing technique, in mouth breathing children. There were no significant differences when the nasal aeration was correlated with other rhinometric variables.

RESUMO A avaliação e quantificação das possíveis alterações da cavidade nasal são necessárias para o auxílio diagnóstico e tratamento de crianças que respiram predominantemente pela boca. O modo respiratório oral pode desencadear distúrbios da fala, deformidades da face, mau posicionamento dos dentes, postura corporal inadequada e alterações no sistema respiratório. Objetivo analisar as mudanças ocorridas na geometria das cavidades nasais, antes e depois da limpeza nasal por meio da aeração nasal e da rinometria acústica em crianças com respiração oral. Método Foram selecionadas 20 crianças com idade entre quatro e 12 anos. A coleta foi realizada no Laboratório Multifuncional do Departamento de Fonoaudiologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Foi aplicado o Índice de Identificação dos Sinais e Sintomas da Respiração Oral; marcação da aeração nasal por meio do espelho milimetrado de Altmann e o exame da geometria nasal por Rinometria Acústica. Depois da limpeza e massagem nasal com o soro fisiológico, foram realizados os mesmos procedimentos. Resultados Observaram-se mudanças significantes nas áreas relativas ao fluxo aéreo nasal em ambos os lados, após limpeza e massagem nasais. Quanto à geometria nasal, aferida por meio da rinometria acústica, o efeito da limpeza e massagem nasal mostrou-se discreto, quando feita a comparação entre as narinas. Conclusão As medidas de aeração nasal mostraram sensibilidade à técnica de limpeza e massagem e as medidas da geometria nasal confirmaram seu efeito sobre a fisiologia respiratória.

ABSTRACT The evaluation and quantification of possible changes in the nasal cavity can assist in the diagnostics and treatment in children who breathe predominantly through the mouth. The oral breathing mode can initiate speech disorders, facial deformities, poor positioning of the teeth, improper body posture, and changes in the respiratory system. Purpose To analyze the changes occurred in the nasal cavity geometry, before and after nasal cleansing, through nasal aeration and acoustic rhinometry in children with oral breathing. Methods Twenty children aged four to 12 years were included in the study. The gathering of participants was conducted at the Multifunctional Laboratory of the Speech Pathology Department of the Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. The following procedures were conducted: Identification Index of Signs and Symptoms of Oral Breathing; marking of nasal expiratory airflow using the graded mirror of Altmann, and examination of the Nasal Geometry by Acoustic Rhinometry. The same procedures were performed after nasal massage and cleansing with saline solution. Results Significant change was observed in the areas with respect to the nasal airflow on both sides after nasal cleansing and massage. As for nasal geometry, measured by acoustic rhinometry, comparison between the nostrils showed that the effect of cleansing and massage was discrete. Conclusion Nasal aeration measures showed sensitivity to the cleansing and massage technique and measures of nasal geometry confirmed its effect on respiratory physiology.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a tendência da completitude dos dados de violência perpetrada contra adolescentes registrados em Pernambuco, em 2009-2012. Estudo transversal, com 5.259 adolescentes vítimas de violência notificadas no SINAN-VIVA da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco. Utilizou regressão linear simples para investigar a tendência de completitude das variáveis. Os percentuais de completitude foram considerados como variáveis dependentes (Y) e os anos da série, como independentes (X). Os resultados mostram um incremento significativo de 204% no número de notificações. Porém, das 34 variáveis analisadas, 27 (79,4%) apresentaram tendência Estacionária, 6 (17,6%) Decrescente e apenas uma (2,9%) Crescente. A completitude foi considerada ‘Muito Ruim’ para as variáveis: Escolaridade (47,3%), Complemento (21,3%), Hora da Ocorrência (38,0%) e Uso de Álcool Pelo Agressor (47,0%). Portanto, apesar do grande incremento no numero de notificações, a qualidade dos dados permaneceu comprometida, dificultando uma análise mais realista neste grupo.

Abstract The scope of this study was to analyze the trend of completeness of the data on violence perpetrated against adolescents registered in the State of Pernambuco between 2009 and 2012. This involved a cross-sectional survey of 5,259 adolescents, who were the victims of violence reported in SINAN-VIVA of the Pernambuco State Health Department. Simple linear regression was used to investigate the trend of completeness of the variables. The percentages of completeness were considered to be dependent variables (Y) and the number of years as independent variables (X). The results show a significant increase of 204% in the number of notifications. However, of the 34 variables analyzed, 27 (79.4%) showed a stationary trend, 6 (17.6%) a downward trend, and only one variable (2.9%) an upward trend. Completeness was considered ‘Very Poor’ for the variables: Education (47.3%), Full Address (21.3%), Occurrence Time (38%) and Use of Alcohol by the Attacker (47%). Therefore, despite the large increase in the number of notifications, data quality continued to be compromised, hampering a more realistic analysis of this group.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a tendência da completitude dos dados de violência perpetrada contra adolescentes registrados em Pernambuco, em 2009-2012. Estudo transversal, com 5.259 adolescentes vítimas de violência notificadas no SINAN-VIVA da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco. Utilizou regressão linear simples para investigar a tendência de completitude das variáveis. Os percentuais de completitude foram considerados como variáveis dependentes (Y) e os anos da série, como independentes (X). Os resultados mostram um incremento significativo de 204% no número de notificações. Porém, das 34 variáveis analisadas, 27 (79,4%) apresentaram tendência Estacionária, 6 (17,6%) Decrescente e apenas uma (2,9%) Crescente. A completitude foi considerada ‘Muito Ruim’ para as variáveis: Escolaridade (47,3%), Complemento (21,3%), Hora da Ocorrência (38,0%) e Uso de Álcool Pelo Agressor (47,0%). Portanto, apesar do grande incremento no numero de notificações, a qualidade dos dados permaneceu comprometida, dificultando uma análise mais realista neste grupo.

Abstract The scope of this study was to analyze the trend of completeness of the data on violence perpetrated against adolescents registered in the State of Pernambuco between 2009 and 2012. This involved a cross-sectional survey of 5,259 adolescents, who were the victims of violence reported in SINAN-VIVA of the Pernambuco State Health Department. Simple linear regression was used to investigate the trend of completeness of the variables. The percentages of completeness were considered to be dependent variables (Y) and the number of years as independent variables (X). The results show a significant increase of 204% in the number of notifications. However, of the 34 variables analyzed, 27 (79.4%) showed a stationary trend, 6 (17.6%) a downward trend, and only one variable (2.9%) an upward trend. Completeness was considered ‘Very Poor’ for the variables: Education (47.3%), Full Address (21.3%), Occurrence Time (38%) and Use of Alcohol by the Attacker (47%). Therefore, despite the large increase in the number of notifications, data quality continued to be compromised, hampering a more realistic analysis of this group.

Resumo: OBJETIVO: observar se existe relação entre força muscular respiratória e área da aeração nasal em crianças respiradoras orais. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo do tipo observacional, transversal comparativo entre dois grupos. Participaram 32 crianças com Respiração Oral secundária à rinite alérgica (21 meninos e 11 meninas) e 30 respiradoras nasais sem rinite alérgica (09 meninos e 21 meninas), 7 a 12 anos, submetidas à avaliação da aeração nasal com o espelho de Altmann e à avaliação da força muscular respiratória com o manovacuômetro digital (MVD(r)30). RESULTADOS: não houve correlação entre aeração nasal e força muscular respiratória em cada subgrupo. Houve diferença comparando-se valores das pressões expiratórias máximas entre meninos e meninas respiradores orais (p=0,0064) e entre meninos e meninas respiradores nasais (p=0,0030). Também houve diferença das pressões inspiratórias máximas entre meninos e meninas respiradores orais (p=0,0324) e entre meninos e meninas respiradores nasais (p=0,0210). CONCLUSÃO: não foi possível confirmar a relação entre a área de aeração nasal e a força muscular respiratória nos respiradores orais.

Abstract: PURPOSE: to observe whether there is a relationship between respiratory muscle strength and degree of nasal aeration in Mouth Breathing children. METHODS: this is an observational and a comparative cross-sectional study. The subjects were 32 Mouth Breathing children with allergic rhinitis (21 boys and 11 girls) and 30 nasal breathing without allergic rhinitis (09 boys and 21 girls), 7-12 years, subjected to evaluation for nasal aeration with Altmann mirror and to evaluation of respiratory muscle strength with digital manovacuometer (MVD(r)30). RESULTS: there was no correlation between nasal aeration and respiratory muscle strength in each subgroup. There was difference comparing values of maximal expiratory pressure between mouth breathers boys and girls (p=0,0064), and between nasal breathers boys and girls (p=0,0030). There was also difference maximal inspiratory pressure between mouth breathers boys and girls (p=0,0324), and between nasal breathers boys and girls (p=0,0210). CONCLUSION: it was not possible to confirm that there is a relationship between the degree of nasal aeration and respiratory muscle strength in Mouth Breathing.

INTRODUÇÃO: Quando há alteração no padrão respiratório nasal fisiológico, a respiração oral de suplência já pode estar presente. O diagnóstico da respiração oral vincula-se à permeabilidade nasal. Uma das possibilidades para avaliação da permeabilidade nasal é a rinometria acústica.OBJETIVO: Revisar, de forma sistemática, a eficácia da rinometria acústica no auxílio diagnóstico de pacientes com respiração oral.MÉTODO: Foram consultadas as bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS, MEDLINE via Bireme e via PUBMED, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL e Science Direct, de agosto a dezembro de 2013. Foram encontrados 11.439 artigos, sendo 30 da LILACS, 54 da MEDLINE via Bireme, 5.558 da MEDLINE via Pubmed, 11 da Scielo, 2.056 da Web of Science, 1.734 da Scopus, 13 da PyscInfo, 1.108 da CINAHL e 875 Science Direct. Desses, foram selecionados dois artigos.RESULTADOS: A heterogeneidade no uso dos equipamentos e materiais utilizados para a avaliação do modo respiratório nesses estudos mostra que ainda não há um consenso na avaliação e diagnóstico de indivíduos com respiração oral.CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com os artigos, a rinometria acústica é utilizada há quase vinte anos, porém são necessários estudos controlados que atestem a eficácia da mensuração da geometria das cavidades nasais como auxílio diagnóstico do modo respiratório.

INTRODUCTION: When there is a change in the physiological pattern of nasal breathing, mouth breathing may already be present. The diagnosis of mouth breathing is related to nasal patency. One way to access nasal patency is by acoustic rhinometry.OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the effectiveness of acoustic rhinometry for the diagnosis of patients with mouth breathing.METHODS: Electronic databases LILACS, MEDLINE via PubMed and Bireme, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Science Direct, from August to December 2013, were consulted. 11,439 articles were found: 30 from LILACS, 54 from MEDLINE via Bireme, 5558 from MEDLINE via PubMed, 11 from SciELO, 2056 from Web of Science, 1734 from Scopus, 13 from PsycInfo, 1108 from CINAHL, and 875 from Science Direct. Of these, two articles were selected.RESULTS: The heterogeneity in the use of equipment and materials for the assessment of respiratory mode in these studies reveals that there is not yet consensus in the assessment and diagnosis of patients with mouth breathing.CONCLUSION: According to the articles, acoustic rhinometry has been used for almost twenty years, but controlled studies attesting to the efficacy of measuring the geometry of nasal cavities for complementary diagnosis of respiratory mode are warranted.

O mogno-brasileiro possui alto valor madeireiro, mas seu cultivo comercial é inviabilizado pelo ataque da broca Hypsipyla grandella. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses de cálcio e boro nas variáveis de crescimento do mogno e na resistência ao ataque da broca H. grandella . O delineamento utilizado foi o fatorial 4² em blocos ao acaso com quatro doses de cálcio (0, 100, 200 e 400 mg L-1) e quatro de boro (0; 0,5; 2; e 4 mg L-1) e três repetições com três plantas por repetição. Avaliaram-se: altura, diâmetro, massa seca aérea e de raiz, relação parte aérea:raiz, taxa de infestação e comprimento da galeria construída pela broca. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey a 5% e à análise de correlação e regressão. Não houve interação estatística entre os nutrientes, nem significância de altura e diâmetro do coleto. A massa de raízes e da parte aérea apresentou os maiores resultados na omissão dos elementos, verificando as menores relações parte aérea:raiz nas doses de 100 mg L-1 em função do cálcio e 0,5 mg L-1 em função do boro. A dose de 100 mg Ca L-1 proporcionou a menor taxa de infestação de H. grandella. Para a resistência do mogno ao desenvolvimento da galeria, tanto o cálcio quanto o boro apresentaram significância, sendo os menores comprimentos verificados nas doses de 100 mg L-1 Ca e 0,5 mg L-1 B, respectivamente. Esses nutrientes influenciam a resistência do mogno ao ataque da broca e evidenciam a necessidade de estudos em condições de campo.

The Brazilian mahogany has high timber value but its commercial cultivation is rendered impossible by the attack of Hypsipyla grandella shoot-borer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of doses of calcium and boron on mahogany growth variables and on the resistance to the attack of its shoot-borer, H. grandella. The design was a 4² factorial randomized blocks with four doses of calcium (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1), four doses of boron (0, 0.5, 2 and 4 mg L-1) and three replications with three plants per replication. It was evaluated: height; diameter; air dry mass and root dry mass; relation air:root; infestation rate and length of the gallery promoted by the shoot-borer. The results were analyzed by Tukey test at 5% and subjected to correlation analysis and regression. There was no statistical interaction between the nutrients and no significance for height and stem diameter. The mass of roots and aerial parts showed the highest results in the deletion of elements and showing the lower ratios of air: root parts in the doses of 100 mg L-1 due to calcium and 0.5 mg L-1due to boron. The 100 mg Ca L-1 dose yielded the lowest rate of infestation of H. grandella. As for the resistance to the development of the mahogany gallery, both calcium and boron were significant, and the smaller lengths observed at doses of 100 mg L-1 Ca and 0.5 mg L-1B, respectively. These nutrients influence the resistance of mahogany to the shoot-borer and show the need for studies in field conditions.

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma is a rare benign neoplasia derived from acrosyryngium cells of the eccrine sudoriferous glands. It affects the extremities of elderly individuals as solitary tumors, or may also present as multiple lesions. There are controversies about the pathogenesis and differentiation of the tumor. Eccrine syringofibroadenoma has been associated with subjacent conditions, such as for example, hypohidrotic ectodermic dysplasias. The authors describe a case report of a patient with Clouston Syndrome, who presented papules and nodules in extremities, clinically and histologically compatible with eccrine syringofibroadenoma. There are only three cases described in the literature, associated with Clouston Syndrome, and this is the fourth case.

Introduction The III Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis (2012) defines allergic rhinitis as a nasal mucosa inflammation, mediated by immunoglobulin E, after exposure to allergens. The classic signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis are nasal obstruction, watery rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching, often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment, and mouth breathing (breathing predominantly through the mouth, regardless of the cause, due to a nasal breathing impairment) in some cases. Objective To evaluate the literature on masticatory changes in children with mouth breathing due to allergic rhinitis. Methods We conducted a search of the past 10 years, at Bireme and MEDLINE databases, for articles that covered masticatory changes in children with mouth breathing secondary to allergic rhinitis. Results We found 1,986 articles, including 15 repeated in databases, but only two articles met the inclusion criteria fully. Discussion We found few studies to answer the question raised in this review, and those studies have some methodological limitations. Most articles claimed no have statistically significant differences in masticatory changes in this population. Conclusion A better controlled study (isolating diseases, exposure time), with a larger sample (sample calculation appropriate), would be necessary to examine such changes.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre a presença de eosinofilia e a soropositividade para anticorpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. em crianças atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde no Noroeste do Paraná, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com crianças de sete meses a 12 anos, atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde do Noroeste do Paraná, com teste ELISA para a pesquisa de anticorpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. e contagem de eosinófilos (eosinofilia >600 células/mm³). RESULTADOS: Entre as 1.199 crianças, 386 (32,2%) apresentaram anticorpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. A soroprevalência e a eosinofilia foram mais frequentes em crianças de sete meses a cinco anos. A eosinofilia foi observada em 7,8% dos pacientes soro-reagentes ao Toxocara spp.. CONCLUSÕES: Foi observada elevada prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxocara spp., principalmente nos menores de cinco anos. Com exceção de algumas crianças que apresentaram sintomas respiratórios e presença de eosinofilia, a maioria foi assintomática e não mostrava eosinofilia. A pesquisa de eosinófilos é ferramenta secundária para o diagnóstico de toxocaríase.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between the presence of eosinophilia and IgG antibodies to Toxocara spp. in children assisted by the public health service, in the northwestern region of Parana State, in southern Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective study of children aged seven months to 12 years old assisted by the Public Health Service in northwest state of Paraná, Brazil. ELISA test was performed in all children in order to detect IgG antibodies to Toxocara spp. and eosinophil amounts (eosinophilia > 600 cells/mm3). RESULTS: Among 1,199 screened children, 386 (32.2%) had IgG antibodies to Toxocara spp. The seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. and the eosinophilia were more common among children of seven months to five years old. Eosinophilia was observed in 7.8% of seropositive patients to Toxocara spp. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of anti-Toxocara spp., mainly in children under five years old. With the exception of some children who had respiratory symptoms and eosinophilia, most of them were asymptomatic and did not present eosinophilia. Eosinophilic count is a secondary laboratory finding in the diagnosis of toxocariasis.

OBJETIVO: Verificar la asociación entre la presencia de eosinofilia y una suero-positividad para anticuerpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. en niños atendidos por el Sistema Único de Salud en el noroeste de Paraná, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo en niños de siete meses a 12 años de edad, atendidos por el Sistema Único de Salud en el noroeste de Paraná, con prueba de ELISA para la investigación de anticuerpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. y recuento de eosinófilos (eosinofilia > 600 células/mm³). RESULTADOS: Entre los 1.199 niños, 386 (32,2%) presentaron anticuerpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. La suero-prevalencia y la eosinofilia fueron más frecuentes en niños de siete meses a cinco años. La eosinofilia fue observada en 7,8% de los pacientes suero-reactivos al Toxocara spp. CONCLUSIÓN: Se observó elevada prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-Toxocara spp., principalmente en niños menores de cinco años. Excepto por algunos niños que presentaron síntomas respiratorios y presencia de eosinofilia, la mayoría de ellas fue asintomática y mostraban eosinofilia. La investigación de eosinófilos es herramienta adicional a los casos con indicios clínicos de toxocariase.