<sec><title>OBJETIVO:</title><p> Investigar a associação dos alelos HLA-A, -B e -DRB1 com a ocorrência de Aborto Espontâneo Recorrente.</p></sec><sec><title>MÉTODOS:</title><p> Estudo caso-controle com 200 mulheres com idade entre 18 e 35 anos, sendo a amostra de conveniência com 100 mulheres que tiveram aborto espontâneo recorrente idiopático e 100 mulheres sem aborto e com dois ou mais filhos. A obtenção do DNA Genômico foi de sangue periférico, sendo a extração realizada a partir de 500l do Buffy-Coat conservado a -20°C. A Tipificação HLA foi feita pelo método PCR-SSOP (<italic>Polymerase Chain Reaction - Specific Sequence of Oligonucleotides Probes</italic>, One Lambda^(r), CA, EUA). As regiões do DNA amplificado foram o exon 2 e 3 para os <italic>loci</italic>A e B e apenas o exon 3 para o <italic>locus</italic> DRB1. Para determinação da genotipagem HLA-A, HLA-B e HLA-DRB1, utilizou-se o programa HLA FUSION^TM(One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA, United States, 3.0 version). Na análise estatística, utilizaram-se frequências absolutas e porcentagens, e cálculo de média e desvio padrão. As variáveis qualitativas foram comparadas utilizando-se o teste χ², com correção de Yates, ou Teste Exato de Fisher. Para as comparações e significância (p<0,05), foi calculado <italic>Odds Ratio</italic> com IC95%.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTADOS:</title><p> O alelo A*34 apresentou frequência significativamente maior no grupo caso em relação ao controle (4,0<italic> versus</italic>0,5%; p<0,05). Os alelos A*24 (6,0<italic> versus</italic>12,5%; p<0,05) e B*35 (8,0<italic> versus</italic>20,5%; p<0,05) foram significativamente menos frequentes no grupo caso. Entre os alelos de classe II, o DRB1*03 apresentou frequência ligeiramente maior no grupo caso (11,0<italic> versus</italic>5,5%; p=0,056).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSÕES:</title><p> Foi demonstrado que o alelo HLA-A*34 é fator de risco para o abortamento espontâneo recorrente, enquanto os alelos HLA-A*24 e HLA-B*35 estão associados à proteção, e nenhum alelo do <italic>locus</italic> DRB1 apresentou associação com AER.</p></sec>

<sec><title>PURPOSE:</title><p> To investigate the association of the HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 alleles with the occurrence of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS:</title><p> A case-control study of 200 women aged 18 to 35 years, consisting of a convenience sample of 100 women who had idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion and 100 women without abortion and with two or more children. Peripheral blood genomic DNA was extracted from 500l of Buffy Coat stored at -20°C. HLA typing was performed by the PCR-SSOP method (Polymerase Chain Reaction - Specific Sequence of Oligonucleotides Probes, One Lambda^(r), CA, USA). The regions of the amplified DNA were exon 2 and 3 for the A and B <italic>loci</italic> and only exon 3 for the DRB1 <italic>locus</italic>. The HLA FUSION^TM program (One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA, USA, version 3.0) was used for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 genotyping. Absolute frequencies and percentages and calculation of mean and standard deviation were used for standard statistical analysis. The qualitative variables were compared by the χ² test with Yates correction or by Fisher's exact test. The odds ratio with the 95%CI was used for the comparisons, with the level of significance set at p<0.05.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS:</title><p> The frequency of the A*34 allele was significantly higher in the case group compared to control (4.0<italic> versus</italic>0.5%; p<0.05). Alleles A*24 (6.0<italic> versus</italic>12.5%; p<0.05) and B*35 (8.0<italic> versus</italic>20.5%; p<0.05) were significantly less frequent in the case group. Among the class II alleles, DRB1*03 showed a slightly higher frequency in the case group (11.0<italic> versus</italic>5.5%, p = 0.056).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS:</title><p> It was shown that the HLA-A*34 allele is a risk factor for recurrent spontaneous abortion, while the HLA-A*24 and HLA-B*35 alleles are associated with protection, and no allele of the DRB1 <italic>locus</italic> was associated with RSA.</p></sec>

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the variability of the clinical response to infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae is associated with host genetic factors. The present study investigated the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II (DRB1) alleles in patients with leprosy from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. A case-control study was performed in 85 individuals with leprosy and 85 healthy subjects. All samples were analysed via polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes. The HLA-DRB1*16 allele showed a higher frequency in the group with leprosy [(9.41% vs. 4.12%) odds ratio (OR) = 2.41 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.96-6.08) p = 0.05], whereas the HLA-DRB1*11 allele was less frequent in the group with leprosy [(6.47% vs. 11.76%) OR = 0.51 95% CI (0.23-1.12) p = 0.09]. The frequency of HLA-DRB1* alleles between the control group and leprosy patient subgroups presenting different forms of the disease showed that the HLA-DRB1*16 (16.13% vs. 8.24%, OR = 4.10, CI = 1.27-13.27, p = 0.010) and HLA-DRB1*14 (5% vs. 3.53%, OR = 4.63, CI = 1.00-21.08, p = 0.032) alleles were significantly more frequent in patients with different clinical subtypes of leprosy. The sample size was a limitation in this study. Nevertheless, the results demonstrated the existence of a genetic susceptibility associated with the clinical forms of leprosy. The low frequency of the HLA-DRB1*11 allele should be further studied to investigate the possible protective effect of this allele.

CONTEXTO: Este estudo procurou estabelecer, sob o ponto de vista descritivo, o nível de cognição e variáveis sociodemográficas associadas em mulheres da sétima à nona década, em dois serviços públicos, na cidade de São Luís (MA). OBJETIVOS: Estudar o nível de cognição pelo Miniexame do Estado Mental (MMSE) e variáveis sociodemográficas associadas em mulheres da sétima à nona década, em dois serviços públicos, na cidade de São Luís (MA). MÉTODOS: Durante quatro meses um questionário com as variáveis sociodemográficas e o Miniexame do Estado Mental (MMSE) foram aplicados em pacientes ambulatoriais. As voluntárias foram avaliadas nos ambulatórios de Neurologia do Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra e do Hospital Estadual Carlos Macieira. RESULTADOS: Oitenta pacientes foram avaliadas - 31,2% foram classificadas com transtorno cognitivo ao MEEM; 71,4% destas tinham entre 81 e 85 anos. Transtorno cognitivo estava presente em 65% das pacientes com nível educacional inferior a sete anos. Em relação ao nível de renda e cognição, foi observado que 30,4% das pacientes que apresentavam nível de renda menor que um a dois salários mínimos eram classificadas com transtorno cognitivo. Das 33 voluntárias que tinham cuidador direto, 57,6% apresentavam transtorno cognitivo. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo torna-se de relevância, pois permite se atentar para o problema na região e serve de estímulo para estudos metodológicos mais complexos, visando promover a saúde pública mental do idoso.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to establish a descriptive study about the cognition level and correlated socio-demographic variables, of the female sex, from the seventh to the nineth decade in two public services in the city of São Luís (MA). OBJECTIVES: Study about the cognition level with Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and correlated socio-demographic variables, of the female sex, from the seventh to the nineth decade in two public services in the city of São Luís (MA). METHODS: During four months, a questionnaire with socio-demographic variables and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were applied in the patients attending. The voluntaries were evaluated in the Neurology clinics of the University Hospitals President Dutra and Statue Carlos Macieira. RESULTS: Eighty patients were evaluated - 31,2% were classified by MEEM with the cognitive troubles; 71,4% of these were between 81 and 85 years old. Cognitive disorder was present in 65% of the patients who had less education up to seven years. As for income and cognition level, it was observed that 30,4% of the volunteers who presented an income level lower than one to two minimum wage were classified with cognitive disturbances. From the 33 volunteers that had direct care, 57,6% presented cognitive disturbances. DISCUSSION: The study becomes relevant, because it allows to attempt to the problem in that region and it serves as a stimulus for the more complex methodological studies seeking to promote the elderly public mental health.