Pesquisa | SciELO

Abstract The Paspalum genus has potential for further genetic improvement because of its adaptability to different ecosystems and production of high yields for grazing livestock. We estimate the genetic parameters of 195 intraspecific P. notatum hybrids using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML), followed by selection based on Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) through multivariate analysis. The intraspecific hybrids studied showed considerable genetic variability in the evaluated forage traits, displaying their potential for progression in subsequent stages of the genetic improvement program. Notably, plant height emerged as an important trait for indirect selection to enhance forage production. The use of the REML/BLUP procedure proves to be a robust tool for data analysis, particularly for perennial species. Furthermore, multivariate analysis based on BLUPs should be used in the selection process within breeding programs. Based on the BLUP values, hybrids D3, D16, C17, C2 and B17 were identified as superior for forage production, and they hold promise for future breeding programs for future breeding initiatives aimed at direct selection to improve yield.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320230137

Neurocircuit models of obsessive-compulsive disorder: limitations and future directions for research
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Shephard, Elizabeth

; Batistuzzo, Marcelo C.

; Hoexter, Marcelo Q.

; Stern, Emily R.

; Zuccolo, Pedro F.

; Ogawa, Carolina Y.

; Silva, Renata M.

; Brunoni, Andre R.

; Costa, Daniel L.

; Doretto, Victoria

; Saraiva, Leonardo

; Cappi, Carolina

; Shavitt, Roseli G.

; Simpson, H. Blair

; van den Heuvel, Odile A.

; Miguel, Euripedes C.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Abr 2022, Volume 44 Nº 2 Páginas 187 - 200

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric condition classically characterized by obsessions (recurrent, intrusive and unwanted thoughts) and compulsions (excessive, repetitive and ritualistic behaviors or mental acts). OCD is heterogeneous in its clinical presentation and not all patients respond to first-line treatments. Several neurocircuit models of OCD have been proposed with the aim of providing a better understanding of the neural and cognitive mechanisms involved in the disorder. These models use advances in neuroscience and findings from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies to suggest links between clinical profiles that reflect the symptoms and experiences of patients and dysfunctions in specific neurocircuits. Several models propose that treatments for OCD could be improved if directed to specific neurocircuit dysfunctions, thereby restoring efficient neurocognitive function and ameliorating the symptomatology of each associated clinical profile. Yet, there are several important limitations to neurocircuit models of OCD. The purpose of the current review is to highlight some of these limitations, including issues related to the complexity of brain and cognitive function, the clinical presentation and course of OCD, etiological factors, and treatment methods proposed by the models. We also provide suggestions for future research to advance neurocircuit models of OCD and facilitate translation to clinical application.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1709

Sociodemographic and clinical profile of crack cocaine treatment-seeking individuals living in “Crackland”, Brazil
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Miguel, André Q. C.

; Simões, Viviane

; Yamauchi, Rodolfo

; Madruga, Clarice S.

; da Silva, Claudio J.

; Laranjeira, Ronaldo R.

; Roll, John M.

; Smith, Crystal L.

; McPherson, Sterling M.

; Mari, Jair J.

Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria

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Mar 2022, Volume 71 Nº 1 Páginas 50 - 55

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Localizada em São Paulo, a Cracolândia é o maior e mais antigo cenário aberto de uso de drogas do Brasil. Ainda assim, pouco se sabe sobre o perfil dos indivíduos que vivem nessa região e buscam tratamento para crack . O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi descrever características demográficas e clínicas de usuários de crack vivendo na região da Cracolândia que estão em busca de tratamento. Métodos: Noventa e oito indivíduos foram avaliados para transtornos por uso de substâncias do DSM-V, padrão de uso de substâncias, impulsividade e sintomatologia psiquiátrica. O uso recente de crack também foi determinado por meio de coleta de amostras toxicológicas. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram grave vulnerabilidade social, com significativas prevalências de falta de moradia (46,9%), moradia instável (50%), desemprego (60,4%) e abandono escolar precoce (27,5%). A idade média de início do uso de crack foi de 20 anos (DP = 6,9) e a duração média do uso contínuo do crack foi de 15 anos (DP = 9,7). A maioria dos participantes apresentou alguma comorbidade psiquiátrica, particularmente transtorno por uso de álcool (87,8%), bem como altas taxas de sintomatologia psiquiátrica e impulsividade. Mais da metade da amostra relatou pelo menos uma tentativa anterior de tratamento por internação (73,5%) e ambulatorial (65,3%). Conclusão: Os achados desse estudo permitem um maior entendimento do perfil e das necessidades de usuários de crack vivendo na região da Cracolândia e podem ajudar serviços de saúde especializados em dependência química a promoverem uma assistência mais direcionada às demandas específicas dessa população.

ABSTRACT Objective: São Paulo‘s Crackland is the biggest and oldest open drug use scene in Brazil, yet little is known about the profile of crack cocaine treatment-seeking individuals living in this region. The aim of this crossectional study was to describe the demographics and clinical characteristics of treatment-seeking crack users living in the Crackland region. Methods: A sample of nighty eight individuals were screened for DSM-V substance use disorders, including substance use, impulsiveness, and psychiatric symptoms. Recent crack cocaine use was also tested using biologic specimens. Results: Results indicated severe social vulnerability, as participants experienced high rates of homelessness (46.9%), unstable housing (50%), unemployment (60.4%) and early school drop-out (27.5%). The average age of crack use onset was 20 years (SD = 6.9) and the mean duration of continuous crack use was 15 years (SD = 9.7). Most participants presented with concomitant mental health disorders, particularly alcohol use disorder (87.8%), as well high rates of psychiatric symptomatology and impulsiveness. More than half of the sample reported at least one previous inpatient (73.5%) and outpatient (65.3%) addiction treatment attempt. Conclusion: This population profile should inform mental healthcare services, promoting the provision of tailored assistance by targeting specific demands at all levels of treatment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000362

COMVC-19: A Program to protect healthcare workers’ mental health during the COVID-19 Pandemic. What we have learned
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Fukuti, Pedro

; Uchôa, Caroline Louise Mesquita

; Mazzoco, Marina Flaborea

; Cruz, Isabella D'Andrea Garcia da

; Echegaray, Mariana V.F.

; Humes, Eduardo de Castro

; Silveira, Júlia Belizário

; Santi, Talita Di

; Miguel, Euripedes Constantino

; Corchs, Felipe

; Fatori, Daniel

; Campello, Guilherme

; Oliveira, Gabriel M. de

; Argolo, Felipe C.

; Ferreira, Felipe de M.

; Machado, Gustavo

; Argeu, Adriana

; Oliveira, Graça Maria Ramos de

; Serafim, Antônio de Pádua

; Siqueira, Luciana de Lima

; Rossi, Luciane de

; Rios, Izabel Cristina

; Oliveira, Talita Rodrigues de

; Antoniazzi, Leilane C. K.

; Gagliotti, Daniel Augusto Mori

; Abelama Neto, Emílio

; Oliveira Junior, Paulo Novais de

; Correia, Aline Villalobo

; Gonçalves, Luca Schilling

; Tortato, Liana Silva

; Busato, Wagner Machado Moraes

; Guimarães-Fernandes, Flávio

; Alves, Marcos

; Leite Netto, Oswaldo Ferreira

; Schoueri, Patrícia de Campos Lindenberg

; Roque, Márcio de Assis

; Merlin, Silvia Stahl

; Boer, Giovana Cardoso Machado

; Sallet, Paulo Clemente

; Malbergier, André

; Spedo, Mariana Abrahão

; Kamitsuji, Carla Satie

; Faria, Elizabeth de

; Moreira, Moacyr Vergara de Godoy

; Kaufman, Arthur

; Abdo, Carmita

; Scanavino, Marco de Tubino

; Lancman, Selma

; Tavares, Hermano

; Polanczyk, Guilherme

; Brunoni, André R.

; Forlenza, Orestes V.

; Barros-Filho, Tarcísio Eloy Pessoa de

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e2631

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic brought a work and stress overload to healthcare workers, increasing their vulnerability to mental health impairments. In response, the authors created the COMVC-19 program. The program offered preventive actions and mental health treatment for the 22,000 workers of The Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP). This paper aims to describe its implementation and share what we have learned from this experience. METHODS: Workers were able to easily access the program through a 24/7 hotline. Additionally, a mobile phone app that screened for signs and symptoms of emotional distress and offered psychoeducation and/or referral to treatment was made available. Data from both these sources as well as any subsequent psychiatric evaluations were collected. RESULTS: The first 20 weeks of our project revealed that most participants were female, and part of the nursing staff working directly with COVID-19 patients. The most frequently reported symptoms were: anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances. The most common diagnoses were Adjustment, Anxiety, and Mood disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a mental health program in a multimodal intervention was feasible in a major quaternary public hospital. Our data also suggests that preventive actions should primarily be aimed at anxiety and depression symptoms, with a particular focus on the nursing staff.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e2631

HIV and syphilis infections and associated factors among patients in treatment at a Specialist Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drugs Center in São Paulo’s “Cracolândia”
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Ribeiro, Ariadne

; Trevizol, Alisson

; Oluwoye, Oladunni

; McPherson, Sterling

; McDonell, Michael G.

; Briese, Viviane

; Miguel, André C.

; Fratzinger, Rosana C.

; Laranjeira, Ronaldo R.

; Alonso, Ana L.

; Karasin, Ana L.

; Ribeiro, Marcelo

; Madruga, Clarice S.

Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

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Mar 2020, Volume 42 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 6

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction This study describes the epidemiological scenario of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis at the biggest specialist drug addiction center in Brazil. The great challenge is to find strategies to reduce the impact of inequality and discrimination and develop policies to protect individuals living with – or at risk of – infections. Methods During the period from January 1 to May 31, 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted on which all patients (N = 806) seeking inpatient treatment were enrolled. A structured diagnostic interview and rapid tests were conducted initially, and diagnoses were confirmed by tests conducted at a venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL). Results HIV and syphilis rates were 5.86% and 21.9%, respectively. Women were nearly 2.5 times more likely to have syphilis. HIV infection was associated with unprotected sex (odds ratio [OR]: 3.27, p = 0.003, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.51-7.11), and suicidal ideation (OR: 6.63, p = 0.001, 95%CI: 3.37-14.0). Although only 1.86% reported injecting drugs at any point during their lifetimes, this variable was associated with both HIV and syphilis. Elevated rates of HIV and syphilis were observed in the context of this severe social vulnerability scenario. Conclusion The risk factors identified as associated with HIV and syphilis should be taken into consideration for implementation of specific prevention strategies including early diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STI) to tackle the rapid spread of STIs in this population.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0081 757 downloads

Impact of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation on Kidney Function
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Calça, Rita

; Teles, Rui C.

; Branco, Patrícia

; Gaspar, Augusta

; Brito, João

; Nolasco, Tiago

; Almeida, Manuel D.

; Neves, José P.

; Mendes, Miguel

; Machado, Domingos S.

; Weigert, André

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Dez 2019, Volume 113 Nº 6 Páginas 1104 - 1111

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento: Pacientes com doença valvar aórtica frequentemente apresentam doença renal crônica (DRC). Diminuição da perfusão renal como consequência da redução do débito cardíaco pode contribuir para a disfunção renal neste cenário. Objetivo: Dado o potencial de reversibilidade da hipoperfusão renal após o reparo valvar, este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar o impacto do implante percutâneo de válvula aórtica (TAVI - transcatheter aortic valve implantation) na função renal. Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva de 233 pacientes consecutivos submetidos ao TAVI em um único centro, entre novembro de 2008 e maio de 2016. Três grupos foram avaliados de acordo com a taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (TFGe) basal (mL/min/1,73 m2): Grupo 1 com TFGe ≥ 60; Grupo 2 com 30 ≤ TFGe < 60; e Grupo 3 com TFGe < 30. O TFGe foi analisado nestes três grupos um mês e um ano após o TAVI e calculado usando a fórmula do Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI). Resultados: Os pacientes do Grupo 1 tiveram um declínio progressivo da TFGe um ano após o procedimento TAVI (p < 0,001 vs. pré-TAVI). Nos pacientes do Grupo 2, a média da TFGe aumentou um mês depois do TAVI e continuou crescendo depois de um ano (p = 0,001 vs. pré-TAVI). O mesmo ocorreu no Grupo 3, com a média da TFGe subindo de 24,4 ± 5,1 mL/min/1,73 m2 antes do TAVI para 38,4 ± 18,8 mL/min/1,73 m2 um ano após o TAVI (p = 0,012). Conclusões: Em pacientes com DRC moderada a grave, a função renal melhorou um ano após o procedimento TAVI. Este resultado é provavelmente devido à melhora da perfusão renal pós-procedimento. Acredita-se que, ao avaliar pacientes que possam precisar de TAVI, este ‘efeito de reversibilidade da DRC’ deva ser considerado.

Abstract Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently present in patients with aortic valve disease. Decreased kidney perfusion as a consequence of reduced cardiac output may contribute to renal dysfunction in this setting. Objective: Given the potential reversibility of kidney hypoperfusion after valve repair, this study aimed to analyze the impact of percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) on kidney function. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 233 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI in a single center between November 2008 and May 2016. We assessed three groups according to their baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73 m2): Group 1 with eGFR ≥ 60; Group 2 with 30 ≤ eGFR < 60; and Group 3 with eGFR < 30. We analyzed the eGFR one month and one year after TAVI in these three groups, using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula to calculate it. Results: Patients from Group 1 had a progressive decline in eGFR one year after the TAVI procedure (p < 0.001 vs. pre-TAVI). In Group 2 patients, the mean eGFR increased one month after TAVI and continued to grow after one year (p = 0.001 vs. pre-TAVI). The same occurred in Group 3, with the mean eGFR increasing from 24.4 ± 5.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 before TAVI to 38.4 ± 18.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 one year after TAVI (p = 0.012). Conclusions: For patients with moderate-to-severe CKD, kidney function improved one year after the TAVI procedure. This outcome is probably due to better kidney perfusion post-procedure. We believe that when evaluating patients that might need TAVI, this ‘reversibility of CKD effect’ should be considered.

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20180356 915 downloads

Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019
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Précoma, Dalton Bertolim

; Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes de

; Simão, Antonio Felipe

; Dutra, Oscar Pereira

; Coelho, Otávio Rizzi

; Izar, Maria Cristina de Oliveira

; Póvoa, Rui Manuel dos Santos

; Giuliano, Isabela de Carlos Back

; Alencar Filho, Aristóteles Comte de

; Machado, Carlos Alberto

; Scherr, Carlos

; Fonseca, Francisco Antonio Helfenstein

; Santos Filho, Raul Dias dos

; Carvalho, Tales de

; Avezum Jr., Álvaro

; Esporcatte, Roberto

; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos

; Brasil, David de Pádua

; Soares, Gabriel Porto

; Villela, Paolo Blanco

; Ferreira, Roberto Muniz

; Martins, Wolney de Andrade

; Sposito, Andrei C.

; Halpern, Bruno

; Saraiva, José Francisco Kerr

; Carvalho, Luiz Sergio Fernandes

; Tambascia, Marcos Antônio

; Coelho-Filho, Otávio Rizzi

; Bertolami, Adriana

; Correa Filho, Harry

; Xavier, Hermes Toros

; Faria-Neto, José Rocha

; Bertolami, Marcelo Chiara

; Giraldez, Viviane Zorzanelli Rocha

; Brandão, Andrea Araújo

; Feitosa, Audes Diógenes de Magalhães

; Amodeo, Celso

; Souza, Dilma do Socorro Moraes de

; Barbosa, Eduardo Costa Duarte

; Malachias, Marcus Vinícius Bolívar

; Souza, Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso de

; Costa, Fernando Augusto Alves da

; Rivera, Ivan Romero

; Pellanda, Lucia Campos

; Silva, Maria Alayde Mendonça da

; Achutti, Aloyzio Cechella

; Langowiski, André Ribeiro

; Lantieri, Carla Janice Baister

; Scholz, Jaqueline Ribeiro

; Ismael, Silvia Maria Cury

; Ayoub, José Carlos Aidar

; Scala, Luiz César Nazário

; Neves, Mario Fritsch

; Jardim, Paulo Cesar Brandão Veiga

; Fuchs, Sandra Cristina Pereira Costa

; Jardim, Thiago de Souza Veiga

; Moriguchi, Emilio Hideyuki

; Schneider, Jamil Cherem

; Assad, Marcelo Heitor Vieira

; Kaiser, Sergio Emanuel

; Lottenberg, Ana Maria

; Magnoni, Carlos Daniel

; Miname, Marcio Hiroshi

; Lara, Roberta Soares

; Herdy, Artur Haddad

; Araújo, Cláudio Gil Soares de

; Milani, Mauricio

; Silva, Miguel Morita Fernandes da

; Stein, Ricardo

; Lucchese, Fernando Antonio

; Nobre, Fernando

; Griz, Hermilo Borba

; Magalhães, Lucélia Batista Neves Cunha

; Borba, Mario Henrique Elesbão de

; Pontes, Mauro Ricardo Nunes

; Mourilhe-Rocha, Ricardo

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Out 2019, Volume 113 Nº 4 Páginas 787 - 891

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20190204 40841 downloads

Suicidal behavior among substance users: data from the Second Brazilian National Alcohol and Drug Survey (II BNADS)
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Abdalla, Renata R.

; Miguel, André C.

; Brietzke, Elisa

; Caetano, Raul

; Laranjeira, Ronaldo

; Madruga, Clarice S.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Out 2019, Volume 41 Nº 5 Páginas 437 - 440

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objective: To investigate the prevalence rates of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) and their association with substance use in a nationally representative sample of Brazilians. Methods: The Second Brazilian National Alcohol and Drug Survey (II BNADS) is a household cross-sectional survey that investigated the consumption of psychotropic drugs and associated risk factors. This national probability sample survey used a multistage cluster design to select 4,607 participants aged 14 or older and had a total response rate of 77%. Illegal drug use, SI and SA were obtained by confidential self-report assessment. Results: SI and SA were reported by 9.9 and 5.4% of the sample, respectively. This prevalence was 20.8 and 12.4% among individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD), 31.5 and 16.5% among cannabis users and 40.0 and 20.8% among cocaine users. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, tobacco use, family history of suicide and depression, both SI and SA were positively associated with AUD, cannabis and cocaine use. Conclusion: AUD, cannabis and cocaine use were significantly associated with SI and SA, even after the adjustments. Public health initiatives targeting suicide prevention should consider including assessment and management of substance misuse, and therapeutic approaches to substance misuse should include assessment of suicidality.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0054 985 downloads

Prevalence of and pathways to benzodiazepine use in Brazil: the role of depression, sleep, and sedentary lifestyle
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Madruga, Clarice S.

; Paim, Thales L.

; Palhares, Hamer N.

; Miguel, Andre C.

; Massaro, Luciana T.S.

; Caetano, Raul

; Laranjeira, Ronaldo R.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Fev 2019, Volume 41 Nº 1 Páginas 44 - 50

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of benzodiazepine (BZD) use in Brazil and to investigate the direct and indirect effects of alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle (SL), depressive symptoms (DS), and sleep dissatisfaction (SD) on BZD use. Methods: The Second Brazilian Alcohol and Drugs Survey (II BNADS) used stratified cluster probabilistic sampling to select 4,607 individuals aged 14 years and older from the Brazilian household population. Results: The lifetime and 12-month prevalence of BZD use was 9.8 and 6.1%, respectively. Older participants (age 40 and older) and women had higher rates. Alcohol use disorder, DS, and SD were significantly more prevalent in BZD users. The parallel multiple mediator model showed a positive direct effect of alcohol consumption on BZD use, with significant positive indirect effects of SL, SD, and DS as simultaneous mediators leading to higher BZD intake. Other statistically significant indirect pathways were DS alone, SD alone, and all of the above except SL. Conclusion: The prevalence of BZD use in Brazil is high compared to that of other countries. Knowledge of the main risk factors and pathways to consumption can guide prevention initiatives and underlie the development of better tailored and effective treatment strategies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0088 1860 downloads

10.

Genetic Diversity and Structure of Calophyllum brasiliense Along the Santa Catarina Coast
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Silva, Fernando André Loch Santos da

; Montagna, Tiago

; Lauterjung, Miguel Busarello

; Bittencourt, Ricardo

; Reis, Maurício Sedrez dos

Floresta e Ambiente

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2019, Volume 26 Nº 2 elocation e20170807

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Population genetics studies can provide knowledge in support of conservation efforts for plant populations. We studied the genetic diversity and structure in nine populations of Calophyllum brasiliense from Santa Catarina state, Brazil, aiming to establish conservation strategies. Allozymic markers were used to genotype about 50 individuals from each population. Moderate genetic diversity (mean = 0.135) and high fixation indexes (mean = 0.259) were estimated. Genetic divergence was significant, equal to 0.140, and a Bayesian analysis found two different genetic groupings. The results show clear signs of risk of diversity loss, basically related to restrictions of effective size. As conservation efforts, we suggested the use of C. brasiliense in restoration programs and for wood production. We also suggested the protection of its associated fauna and the development of more protected areas. Finally, populations 430, 640, 642 and 913 were indicated as priorities for conservation, based on their genetic indexes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.080717 1276 downloads

11.

Prevalence, clinical correlates and maternal psychopathology of deliberate self-harm in children and early adolescents: results from a large community study
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Simioni, André R.

; Pan, Pedro M.

; Gadelha, Ary

; Manfro, Gisele G.

; Mari, Jair J.

; Miguel, Eurípedes C.

; Rohde, Luis A.

; Salum, Giovanni A.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Jan 2018, Volume 40 Nº 1 Páginas 48 - 55

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objectives: Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in children from low- and middle-income countries. We investigated the prevalence of DSH and its clinical and maternal psychopathological associations in Brazilian children (n=2,508, ages 6-14y) in a community-based study. Methods: Participants of the High Risk Cohort Study for the Development of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders (HRC) and their mothers were assessed in structured interviews. Current (last month) and lifetime DSH were estimated, including analysis stratified by age groups. Logistic regressions were performed to investigate the role of the children’s clinical diagnoses and maternal psychopathology on DSH prevalence estimates, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: The prevalence of current DSH was 0.8% (children 0.6%, adolescents 1%) and lifetime DSH was 1.6% (1.8% and 1.5%, respectively). Current and lifetime DSH were more frequent in children with depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), even in multiple models accounting for demographic variables and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Maternal anxiety disorder was strongly associated with current and lifetime DSH in offspring; whereas current DSH, specifically in young children, was associated with maternal mood disorder. Conclusion: Diagnoses of depression, ADHD and ODD were consistently associated with DSH, as was having a mother with anxiety disorder.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2124 1621 downloads

12.

Rodents of the eastern and western slopes of the Tropical Andes: phylogenetic and taxonomic insights using DNA barcodes
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Pinto, C. Miguel

; Ojala-Barbour, Reed

; Brito, Jorge

; Menchaca, Angélica

; Carvalho, André L. G.

; Weksler, Marcelo

; Amato, George

; Lee Jr., Thomas E.

Therya

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2018, Volume 9 Nº 1 Páginas 15 - 27

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: The Andes Mountains particularly the forests along the mid-elevations of their eastern and western slopes, are a hotspot of biodiversity (high numbers of species and endemics). Among mammals, rodents are a priority group for study in the Tropical Andes given their high diversity and often relatively small geographic ranges. Here, we use DNA barcoding as a tool to help in the identification, and preliminary analysis of the phylogenetic relationships, of rodents from two natural reserves: Otonga, a private forest reserve, located on the western slopes, and Sangay National Park, located on the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes. We sequenced 657 bp of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene for 201 tissue samples of sigmodontine and echimyid rodents collected primarily in Otonga and Sangay. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using maximum-likelihood and Poisson tree processes (PTP) species delimitation analyses. Three sets of data were analyzed: 1) our newly generated sequences, 2) our Mesomys sequence plus DNA sequences of Echimyidae available in GenBank, and 3) all of our sequences (all Sigmodontinae and one Echimyidae) together with relevant DNA sequences of Sigmodontinae available in GenBank. Our samples consisted of 24 species; the molecular data indicated that only one species—Microryzomys minutus—was shared between both eastern and western localities. Contrary to the currently recognized distributions of Akodon mollis and Chilomys instans, our species delimitation analysis suggests that these species are not shared between Otonga and Sangay, and may actually represent two species each. The sample of Mesomys from the eastern slopes of the Andes differs minimally from that from the lowlands of the Ecuadorian Amazon, suggesting that both populations would correspond to the same species, Mesomys hispidus. Both Mindomys hammondi and an undescribed Mindomys from Otonga do not form a reciprocally monophyletic group with relation to Nephelomys. The Nephelomys of Sangay might correspond to two different species. The eastern and western slopes of the Tropical Andes harbor different species of rodents, with only one of our study species shared between both localities, implying that other cases of shared species between the eastern and the western slopes of the Andes need further assessment. Several lineages represented in our sample may require formal taxonomic description, highlighting the need for further systematic research. The new genetic data generated in our study could speed taxonomic discovery in the Andes and help to illuminate interesting evolutionary patterns, such as the radiation of Thomasomys.

Resumen: Los Andes particularmente los bosques de las elevaciones medias de las estribaciones occidentales y orientales, son un punto caliente de biodiversidad (alto número de especies y de endemismo). Entre los mamíferos andinos, los roedores son un grupo prioritario a ser estudiado dada su alta biodiversidad y sus rangos de distribución que por lo general son pequeños. En esta contribución, usamos códigos de barras de ADN como una herramienta para la identificación y generación de hipótesis filogenéticas preliminares de los roedores colectados principalmente en dos reservas naturales: Otonga, ubicada en las estribaciones occidentales, y Sangay, localizada en las estribaciones orientales de los Andes ecuatorianos. Secuenciamos 657 pares de base del gen mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidasa I (COI) en 201 muestras de tejido de roedores sigmodontinos y echimyidos colectados principalmente en Otonga y Sangay. Hicimos análisis filogenéticos usando máxima verosimilitud, y análisis de delimitación de especies mediante el proceso de árboles de Poisson (PTP). Tres grupos de datos fueron analizados: 1) todas nuestras nuevas secuencias generadas, 2) nuestra secuencia de Mesomys más las secuencias de ADN de Echimiydae disponibles en GenBank, y 3) todas nuestras secuencias (mayoritariamente Sigmodontinae) junto con secuencias de ADN de Sigmodontinae disponibles en GenBank. Nuestra muestra contiene 24 especies; los datos moleculares demuestran que solo una especie—Microryzomys minutus—es compartida entre ambas localidades del este y oeste. Mientras que nuestro análisis de delimitación de especies sugiere que Akodon mollis y Chilomys instans no son compartidas entre Otonga y Sangay, y representan dos especies cada una. La muestra de Mesomys de la vertiente oriental de los Andes es mínimamente diferente de secuencias de las tierras bajas de la Amazonia ecuatoriana; recomendando que ambas poblaciones podrían corresponder a la misma especie, Mesomys hispidus. Mindomys hammondi y una especie no descrita de Mindomys de Otonga no forman un grupo monofilético en relación a Nephelomys. Los Nephelomys de Sangay corresponderían a dos especies diferentes. Las vertientes occidental y oriental de los Andes tropicales albergan especies diferentes de roedores, con una sola especie compartida entre ambas indicando que otros casos de especies compartidas entre el este y occidente necesitan ser investigadas con mayor detalle. Múltiples especies de nuestra muestra necesitarían descripción formal, lo que revela que se requiere más investigación sistemática en la región. Los nuevos datos genéticos aquí presentados podrían acelerar los descubrimientos taxonómicos en los Andes y ayudar a explorar patrones volutivos interesantes, como la radiación de los Thomasomys.

https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-18-430 823 downloads

13.

Biomass yield in production systems of soybean sown in succession to annual crops and cover crops
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Pacheco, Leandro Pereira

; Miguel, Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt São

; Silva, Rayane Gabriel da

; Souza, Edicarlos Damacena de

; Petter, Fabiano André

; Kappes, Claudinei

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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Ago 2017, Volume 52 Nº 8 Páginas 582 - 591

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de fitomassa (folhas e caules) de culturas anuais e plantas de cobertura semeadas em safrinha e seus efeitos na produtividade da soja em sucessão. O experimento foi conduzido nas safras de 2014/2015 e 2015/2016. A soja foi semeada nas safras e nas safrinhas, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em nove sistemas de produção (tratamentos) constituídos de culturas anuais (milho, girassol e feijão-caupi) e plantas de cobertura (Pennisetum glaucum, Crotalaria breviflora, C. spectabilis, Urochloa ruziziensis, Cajanus cajan, Stylosanthes sp. e U. brizantha), em cultivos solteiros ou consorciados, além de pousio como controle. Os cultivos solteiros de P. glaucum e U. ruziziensis apresentaram estabelecimento e crescimento mais rápido, maior fitomassa total e taxa de cobertura do solo na safra de 2014. Em 2015, o milho consorciado com U. ruziziensis e C. spectabilis, e o girassol com U. ruziziensis se destacaram na produção de fitomassa total, durante o florescimento e após a colheita dos grãos do milho e do girassol. A composição das fitomassas nos sistemas apresentou maiores proporções de caules do que de folhas, com destaque para C.spectabilis após a senescência. Semeada em safrinha, C. spectabilis promove aumento de produtividade de soja em sucessão, no sistema plantio direto.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the biomass (leaves and stems) production of annual and cover crops sown as second crop, and its effects on soybean yield in succession. The experiment was carried out in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 crop seasons. Soybean was sown in the crop season and in the second crop, in a randomized complete block design, in nine production systems (treatments) consisting of annual crops (corn, sunflower, and cowpea) and cover crops (Pennisetum glaucum, Crotalaria breviflora, C. spectabilis, Urochloa ruziziensis, Cajanus cajan, Stylosanthes sp., and U. brizantha), which were grown in monocropping or intercropping systems, besides fallow as a control. Monocropped P. glaucum and U. ruziziensis showed a faster establishment and growth of plants, higher-total biomass and soil cover rate in the 2014 crop season. In 2015, corn intercropped with U.ruziziensis and C.spectabilis, and sunflower with U.ruziziensis stood out for total biomass production during flowering and after harvesting of corn and sunflower grains. Biomass composition in the systems showed greater proportions of stems than of leaves, and C.spectabilis stood out after senescence. Sown as a second crop, C. spectabilis promotes yield increase of soybean grown in succession in the no-tillage system.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000800003 1337 downloads

14.

AgNPs: The New Allies Against S. Mutans Biofilm - A Pilot Clinical Trial and Microbiological Assay
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Freire, Priscila L.L.

; Albuquerque, Allan J.R.

; Sampaio, Fabio C.

; Galembeck, André

; Flores, Miguel A. P.

; Stamford, Thayza C. M.

; Rosenblatt, Aronita

Brazilian Dental Journal

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Ago 2017, Volume 28 Nº 4 Páginas 417 - 422

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as propriedades antimicrobianas de uma nova formulação composta por nanopartículas de prata, denominada nano silver fluoride (NSF), na inibição de biofilme de Streptococcus mutans sobre a superfície do esmalte dentário de crianças. Variações no pH do biofilme dental e nos valores do índice de Higiene Oral Simplificada (IHO-S) também foram avaliadas após o tratamento com NSF. Trata-se de um estudo piloto, randomizado, duplo cego, cruzado e prospectivo. A amostra foi composta por 12 crianças, de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre 7 e 8 anos, as quais utilizaram as duas soluções testes, S1- NSF e S2- controle negativo (solução salina). O biofilme dental tratado com NSF apresentou menores valores de viabilidade de S. mutans (absorbância) e de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) do que o biofilme baseline e o biofilme tratado com S2. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os valores médios de IHO-S dos grupos baseline e S1, com uma redução dos valores. Não houve qualquer variação nos valores de pH do biofilme dental, antes e depois do tratamento com S1 e S2 e entre os diferentes grupos. Estas propriedades sugerem que NSF possui efeito bactericida sobre o biofilme de S. mutans, podendo ser utilizado clinicamente para o controle e prevenção da formação do biofilme dentário.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of a new formulation containing silver nanoparticles, named Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF), to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on children’s dental enamel. The variations in dental biofilm pH and in the Simplified-Oral-Hygiene-Index (OHI-S) also were evaluated after the treatment with NSF. This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover and prospective pilot clinical trial study in which 12 schoolchildren, aged between 7-8 years, had their dental enamel treated with two solutions: S1 - Nano Silver Fluoride and S2 - negative control (saline solution), in different experimental moments. The dental biofilm adhered to enamel treated with NSF had lower values of S. mutans viability (absorbance) and colony forming units (CFU) than the S0 (baseline) and S2. There was a statistically significant difference between the OHI-S mean values of S0 and S1. There were no differences between the biofilm pH (both before and after the use of the test substances) and among the different groups. These properties suggest that NSF has bactericidal effect against S. mutans biofilm and it may be used for clinical control and prevention of dental biofilm formation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600994 1963 downloads

15.

Hiperglicemia pós-prandial em pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 2
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Cruzes, André Luiz

; Bosco, Cláudia Elaine T.

; Pandini, Elaine V.

; Hernandez, Miguel A. M.

; Silva, Regina C. Q. da

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia

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Jun 2008, Volume 52 Nº 4 Páginas 642 - 648

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVOS: Por meio da análise de um grupo de pacientes com DM2, temos por objetivos: avaliar por monitoração da glicose subcutânea (MGSG) as excursões pós-prandiais da glicose subcutânea; analisar as correlações da glicose subcutânea e glicemias capilares com a HbA1c e avaliar a eficácia, a segurança e a tolerabilidade da MGSC. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 40 pacientes com DM2, com HbA1c até 7,3%, em uso de agentes orais e com menos de 10 anos de diagnóstico. Foram submetidos à MGSC por 72 horas, cujos dados foram confrontados com a HbA1c e as glicemias capilares. RESULTADOS: A excursão média da glicose subcutânea do desjejum foi estatisticamente maior que a do jantar (95%IC -24,96 a -1,66). A razão excursão da glicose subcutânea/conteúdo de carboidrato da refeição foi estatisticamente maior no desjejum que nas demais refeições (p = 0,001). Não houve correlação entre as taxas de glicose subcutânea e as glicemias capilares com HbA1c. Não houve complicações com o uso da MGSC. CONCLUSÕES: As excursões de glicose subcutânea predominaram no desjejum. Não se encontrou correlação entre HbA1c e parâmetros de controle glicêmico. A MGSC mostrou-se eficaz, segura e bem tolerada nesse grupo de pacientes.

OBJECTIVES: Through the analysis of a group of type 2 diabetes patients, the aims of this study are: to evaluate through CGMS (continuous glucose monitoring system) the post-prandial subcutaneous glucose excursions; to analyze the correlations between subcutaneous glucose and capillary glycemia with HbA1c and to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and broadmindedness of the CGMS. METHODS: Forty type 2 diabetes patients were analyzed, with HbA1c until 7.3%, in use of oral agents and within less than a ten-year diagnosis. They were submitted to CGMS for 72h, whose data were compared with HbA1c and capillary glycemia. RESULTS: The average subcutaneous glucose excursion at breakfast was statistically bigger than at dinner (95%CI -24,96 a -1,66). The subcutaneous glucose excursion/meal carbohydrates content ratio was statistically bigger at breakfast than at other meals (p 0,001). There was no correlation between the levels of subcutaneous glucose and capillary glycemia with HbA1c. There weren’t complications using CGMS. CONCLUSIONS: The subcutaneous glucose excursions were predominant at breakfast. There were no correlations between HbA1c and glycemic control parameters. CGMS showed itself efficient, secure and well tolerated in this group of patients.

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