Abstract UENF Rioparaíba common bean cultivar from the black commercial group has a high grain yield (2351 kg ha-1), stability, and wide adaptation to the Northern and Northwestern regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The new cultivar contains 20.7% crude protein and has a mass of 1000 seeds equals to 256.8 g.

Abstract UENF 2014 is a new common bean cultivar from the black commercial group, developed by UENF. The cultivar is adapted to the Northern and Northwestern regions of the Rio de Janeiro state and presents a good performance, mainly for high grain yield, high stability and wide adaptation to these regions.

Para caracterizar el comercio de plantas medicinales en Caracas, Venezuela, se visitaron cinco mercados populares y 10 herbolarios, entrevistando los vendedores para determinar las especies comercializadas, usos tradicionales, su versatilidad e importancia relativa. Se registraron 198 especímenes, identificándose 164 especies, de 72 familias. La mayoría son cultivadas, pero también se comercializan especies silvestres provenientes de los Andes y Guayana. Se registraron 120 usos, distribuidos en 18 categorías de enfermedades, principalmente del sistema digestivo, infecciosas y parasitarias, piel y tejido subcutáneo. Predominaron las especies multipropósito (164, IVF > 0,5), mientras que 125 presentaron uso significativo (NUS > 20%). El análisis de agrupamiento evidenció la existencia de dos grupos de herbolarios. Se recomienda complementar este estudio con evaluaciones farmacológicas y ecológicas.

To characterize the commercial trade of medicinal plants in Caracas, Venezuela, five popular markets and 10 herb stalls were visited. Stall keepers were interviewed to determine which species were being sold and which were their traditional uses. One hundred ninety eight samples were recorded and 164 species from 72 families were identified. Most of these species are cultivated although wild species from theAndes and Guayana have also been commercialized. One hundred twenty different uses of these plants were recorded and categorized according to 18 disease types, especially those associated with digestive system, infectious and parasitic diseases, as well as those related to skin and subcutaneous tissue. Multi-purpose species were dominant (164, IVF > 0,5), while 125 species show significant use (NUS > 20%). The cluster analysis evidences two groups of stalls. A complementary study considering pharmacological and ecological assessments is recommended.

Nowadays, suicide is a public health problem and a social phenomenon that affects human development. From 1995 to 2002, the state of Sonora showed a 3.8% annual average increase in the occurrence of suicide in productive age population, occupying the national third place with regard to this problem's growth. During the 1970's suicide in groups of infants and school children between 5 and 14 years old started to be noticed in the country. At present time, self-inflicted injuries are eighth cause of death for this age group. Suicidal behavior is a process comprised by several stages: passive suicidal ideation, active contemplation of suicide itself, planning and preparation, suicide attempt execution, and completed suicide. Since these stages may or not be sequential, it is important to study the steps preceding suicides, such as the ideation and the attempt, in order to know and treat this problem. The suicidal ideation is a very important stage as predictive factor to approach the completed suicide and refers to the thoughts regarding one's own death, which may or not be verbalized. There is little research about this subject matter particularly in regards to population under 14; hence, in this study, psychological factors of a sample comprised by boys and girls between 10 and 12 from public and private schools from the State of Sonora will be analyzed and compared to identify those children associated with suicidal ideation and advance in the understanding of this complex phenomenon. Material and methods The study was descriptive-comparative, observational, and transversal in nature. Sample: 631 elementary school fifth and sixth grader students, both genders, aged between 10 to 13 years, from 16 public schools and four private schools in Hermosillo, Sonora. A 631 student sample was considered through clusters connecting the entire schools within the city and the number of students enrolled in the school term. Instruments: A self applied form questionnaire, which evaluates socio-demographic data, was used with the following scales: Children's Depression Inventory CDI; Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale CMAS-R (revised); Self Esteem Inventory. Procedure: In order to carry out this research, authorization was requested to the Ministry of Education of Sonora. In a first phase during an academic hour, a self-applied form questionnaire with socio-demographic information and the depression scale was given. Subsequently, the second part of the questionnaire was given to a sub-sample of two equal groups, one of them identified with suicidal ideation and the other one without ideation. Data analysis: The statistical analyses were performed using the program SPSS version 15.0. Non-parametric test χ² (Chi Square) and prevalence ratio (odds ratio) were used. Results A total of 631 boys and girls were evaluated with the depression questionnaire during the first phase. The mean age was 1 0.9 years (range: 10-13 years), the gender variable was distributed 50.8% girls and 49.2% boys, as a result of the registration rate for fifth and sixth grades of elementary education; 72.1% of the children were in public schools and 27.9% in private schools. In accordance to answers of CDI item 9, children who marked these two possible answers: <<You think in killing yourself but you believe you won't do it>> (18.1%) and <<You have sometimes seriously thought about killing yourself>> (11.1%) were considered with suicidal ideation. This scale evaluated how the children felt during the two weeks previous to taking the questionnaire and 29.2% of the children somehow showed suicidal ideas. The sub-sample defined from the total population was distributed into two groups: one control group with 184 children without suicidal ideation and another group with 184 children with suicidal ideation. Depression: In regard to depression, results showed that group with suicidal ideation presented greater depressive states compared to the group without suicidal ideation (p<0.03, χ²= 65.66, gl = 2), the highest percentage is located in moderate depression (40.7% and 22.8% respectively). Gender differences were shown only in the group of children without ideation becoming more frequent in boys (p<0.03, χ² = 6.92, gl = 2). While analyzing with the prevalence rate, it was found that children who show severe depression have an 8.8 higher risk of having suicidal ideation when compared with the group of children presenting this level of depression, but not expressing suicidal ideation (CI: 3.85-20.15). Self-esteem: The group with suicidal ideation showed 52.9% low self-esteem cases a statistically significant difference (p<0.00, χ² = 32.31, gl=2) compared to the group of children with no ideation that presented a 3.1% of it. Gender differences were not found in these groups. Boys and girls who show low self-esteem level have 3.7 more risk to present suicidal ideation compared with the group of children who have better self-esteem (CI: 2.3-5.9). Anxiety: Of the children with suicidal ideation, 37.7% showed a high anxiety level compared to the 18.4% presented by the children without ideation. There were no differences between boys and girls. Showing anxiety indicates a 2.6 times higher risk to present suicide ideas (CI: 1.60-4.32). Discussion Although suicidal ideation was present in school children population in a very significant way, it is considered low risk for this type of behavior. Depression appeared like the risk factor mostly associated with suicidal ideation. Boys showed more depression compared to girls; on the other hand, most studies conducted with adolescents reported that before 12 years old it is likely not to find significant differences between genders perhaps by the gender issues, the biological, hormonal and society characteristics. It is important to point out that some cases of children without depression presenting suicidal ideation were found, this information was supported by other studies. Although depression is an important risk factor, its presence is not essential for the suicidal ideation to be evident. Low self-esteem is more evident as a higher risk factor than anxiety for the presence of suicidal ideation. No significant differences by gender were found. Entering into the subject matter with population under fourteen is difficult not only because the parents' limitations to talk about it, but because of the care it must be taken while working with minors. The access to carry out this kind of research within the private school population is difficult; hence the existing little information about it. As a result of the lack of information, it becomes necessary to put it into execution under a strict methodology and according to the professional ethics in such a way that differences between children with and without suicidal ideation could be identified. Suicide is a multi-factorial character dynamic process and not only a single and changeless event; therefore, it is necessary to study how suicidal ideas are conceived and what context surrounds them from the earliest age. It is recommended to detect at a younger age the process leading to suicidal behavior and factors related to it.

El suicidio es un problema de salud pública y un fenómeno social que incide sobre el desarrollo humano. A partir de la década de 1970 se observan en nuestro país suicidios en el grupo de infantes y escolares en el rango de edad de cinco a 14 años. Las lesiones autoinfligidas se ubican en el octavo lugar de las causas de defunciones para este grupo etáreo. El comportamiento suicida es un proceso de varias etapas. La primera es la ideación suicida que se refiere a los pensamientos en torno a la propia muerte y es de vital importancia como factor predictor para llegar al suicidio consumado. Aunque existe alguna investigación sobre el tema, ésta es escasa en población menor de 14 años. De ahí que en el presente estudio el objetivo es analizar los factores psicológicos en niños y niñas de 10 a 13 años, a fin de identificar aquellos asociados con la ideación suicida. Material y métodos El estudio fue descriptivo de tipo comparativo, observacional, transversal. Participantes: 631 estudiantes de quinto y sexto de primaria, varones y mujeres con edades de 10 a 13 años, de la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora. Instrumentos: Cuestionario en formato autoaplicado con las siguientes escalas: Children's Depresion Inventory CDI, escala de ansiedad manifiesta en niños CMAS-R y el inventario de autoestima de Coopersmith. Procedimiento: Se aplicó la primera parte del cuestionario a 631 niños, posteriormente se trabajó con una submuestra de dos grupos iguales: Uno identificado con ideación suicida (174) y el otro sin ideación (174), a los que se les aplicó la segunda parte del cuestionario. Análisis de datos: Se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica χ² y razón de prevalencias del paquete estadístico SPSS. Resultados La media de edad fue de 10.9 años, la variable sexo quedó a su vez distribuida en 50.8% niñas y 49.2% niños, el 72.1% de ellos en escuelas públicas y 27.9% en escuelas privadas, semejante a la proporción de la matrícula de educación primaria para los grupos de quinto y sexto grados. El 29.2% de los niños y niñas manifestó ideas suicidas. Depresión: El grupo de niños con ideación suicida presentó mayores estados depresivos en comparación con el grupo sin ideación (p<0.00, χ² = 65.66, gl=2). El porcentaje más alto fue localizado en la depresión moderada. Se muestran diferencias por sexo sólo en el grupo sin ideación, siendo más frecuente en los niños (p<0.03, χ² = 6.92, gl = 2). Los niños que presentan depresión grave tienen un riesgo 8.8 veces mayor de tener ideación suicida (IC: 3.85-20.15). Autoestima: El grupo con ideación presenta más casos de autoestima baja en comparación con el grupo sin ideación (52.9% y 23.1 % respectivamente), diferencia que es estadísticamente significativa (p<0.00, χ² = 32.31, gl=2). No se encontraron diferencias por sexo. Los niños y niñas que presentan un nivel de autoestima bajo tienen 3.7 veces mayor riesgo de presentar ideación suicida (IC: 2.3-5.9). Ansiedad: Treinta y siete punto siete por ciento de niños con ideación presentan un nivel de ansiedad alto en contraste con 18.4% de niños sin ideación. Tampoco aquí se presentaron diferencias por sexo. Manifestar ansiedad indica un riesgo 2.6 veces mayor para presentar ideas suicidas (IC: 1.60-4.32). Discusión La ideación suicida está presente en la población infantil escolarizada de Hermosillo, Sonora. La depresión aparece como un factor de riesgo asociado con las ideas suicidas aunque se encontraron casos de niños sin depresión pero con ideación suicida, lo que se observa también en otros estudios. La autoestima baja tiene más probabilidades de ser un factor de riesgo para la ideación suicida que la ansiedad, sin diferencias significativas por sexo. El abordaje del tema en la población menor de catorce años se dificulta no sólo por las limitaciones de los padres/madres para hablar del mismo, sino también por los cuidados que deben tenerse cuando se trabaja con menores. El suicidio es un proceso dinámico de carácter multifactorial y no sólo un hecho estático e individual. Por lo mismo es necesario estudiar cómo se gestan las ideas suicidas desde la más temprana edad. Se recomienda detectar en la edad escolar el proceso que lleva a las conductas suicidas y los factores que se le relacionan. De esta manera se pueden crear programas de prevención orientadas a los niños y prevenir que en la adolescencia se conviertan en parte de la cifra de suicidios.

In the present work, a method was developed and validated for the quantification of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) in the fruits of Carica papaya. The quantification of this compound was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) with selective detectors - nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) and flame photometric detector (FPD). The performance of these detectors showed a higher sensitivity of the NPD with a broader linear range of detection. The LOD/LOQ were 0.038/0.100 µg/mL for NPD and 5.78/19.29 µg/mL for FPD. The recovery of the method for BITC was 90,64%. An average value of BITC concentration in all the analyzed samples was 16,23 µg BITC/g.

A sample of 206 children (between 1 and 16 years-old) in Huertas (n=110) and Julcán (n=96) districts of the Mantaro Valley, Perú, were studied with a clinico-epidemiological interview, serology and fecal parasitologic tests to describe the prevalence and analyze risk factors of infection by Fasciola hepatica (Fh). Fh prevalence by fecal examinations in Huertas (H) was 28.3% and Julcán (J), 12.6%. Using serological tests, the prevalences were: for H, 36.3% and for J, 22.7%. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between Fh infection and 3 variables in H: living near small streams (OR=4.8; P<0.05) or farms (OR=2.88; P<0.05) and the habit of drinking hot herbal drinks "emolientes" (OR=2.92; P<0.05); and in other 3 variables in J: having a single room per house (OR=21.0; P<0.05), defecating in the fields (OR=4.77; P<0.05), history of taking antiparasitic medication in the last six months (OR=4.61; P<0.05). Multivariate analysis, applied to the whole set of data revealed as possible risk factors for infection with Fh: the habit of drinking "emolientes" (OR=5.16; P<0.05) and living near small streams (OR=17.22; P<0.05) or in farms (OR=8.13; P<0.05). According to these results one of the most important and less recognized risk factors is the habit of drinking "emolientes". Due to the clinical importance of human fascioliasis, we conclude that its presence in the Mantaro Valley is an important public health problem, effective early diagnosis would allow rapid treatment and avoidance of the serious impairment brought by chronic infection.

Una muestra de 206 niños (entre 1 y 16 años de edad) en los distritos de Huertas (n=110) y Julcan (n=96) pertenecientes al Valle del Mantaro, Perú, fueron estudiados mediante una entrevista clínico-epidemiológica, pruebas serológicas y exámenes parasitológicos de heces para describir la prevalencia y analizar los factores de riesgo para la infección por Fasciola hepática (Fh). La prevalencia de Fh por exámenes de heces en Huertas (H) fue 28.3% y Julcan (J), 12.6%; empleando pruebas serológicas, las prevalencias fueron: para H, 36.3% y para J, 22.7%. El análisis univariado demostró una asociación significativa entre la infección por Fh y 3 variables en H: vivir cerca de acequias (OR=4.8; P<0.05) o cultivos (OR=2.88; P<0.05) y el hábito de beber emolientes (OR=2.92; P<0.05); y otras 3 variables en J: tener una habitación por casa (OR=21.0; P<0.05), eliminar las heces a campo abierto (OR=4.77; P<0.05), historia de ingesta de medicamentos antiparasitarios en los últimos 6 meses (OR=4.61; P<0.05). El análisis multivariado, aplicado a todos los datos reveló como posibles factores de riesgo para la infección por Fh: el hábito de beber emolientes (OR=5.16; P<0.05) y vivir cerca de acequias (OR=17.22; P<0.05) o cultivos (OR=8.13; P<0.05). De acuerdo a estos resultados uno de los más importantes y poco reconocido factor de riesgo es el hábito de beber emolientes. Debido a la importancia clínica de la fasciolosis humana, concluimos que su presencia en el Valle del Mantaro es un importante problema de salud pública, un diagnóstico precoz efectivo permitiría un tratamiento oportuno y evitaría el serio daño clínico de la infección crónica.

The objective of the present,study, is to determine the rate of intestinal parasitoses in rural and urban populations of Sandia district, located at 2178 msnm., department of Puno, Perú. Fecal samples, 35 from rural (Group A) and 37 from urban (Group B) populations were collected (total 72). Four parasitological tests were used: Direct Microscopy, Kato Technique, Spontaneous Tube Sedimentation Technique and Modified Cup Baermann Technique. Global prevalences of intestinal parasitoses in both groups were high (A: 88.58%; B: 67.57%). Prevalence of intestinal parasitoses was: Ascaris lumbricoides (A: 51.42%; B: 29.72%, p = 0.06), Entamoeba coli (A: 48.57%; B: 18.91%, p = 0.007), Trichuris trichiura (A: 42.85%; B: 13.51%, p = 0.005), Blastocystis hominis (A: 40%; B: 32.42%, p = 0.5), Endolimax nana (A: 37.14%; B: 16.66%, p = 0.04), Giardia lamblia (A: 25.71%; B: 13.51%, p = 0.19), Hymenolepis nana (A: 0%; B: 5.4%), Iodamoeba butschli (A: 2.85%; B: 0%), Entamoeba histolytica / E dispar (A: 2.85%; B: 0%), Strngyloides stercoralis (A: 2.85%; B: 0%) and Ancylostoma duodenale / Necator americanus (A: 0%; B: 2.7%). We conclude that intestinal parasitism is more frequent in rural than urban populations, is associated to poverty, poorer environmental sanitation and lack of hygienic services. Due to the high rates of parasitic infection we found, it is important to perform adequate parasitological tests to allow optimal diagnosis and opportune and effective treatment

El objetivo del presente estudio de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal, es determinar la tasa de enteroparasitismo en las poblaciones rural y urbana del distrito de Sandia, localizado a 2.178 msnm, departamento de Puno, Perú. Fueron recolectadas un total de 72 muestras de heces, 35 de la población rural (Grupo A) y 37, urbana (Grupo B). Se realizaron cuatro exámenes parasitológicos: Examen Directo, Técnica de Kato, Técnica de Sedimentación Espontánea en Tubo y Técnica de Baermann modificado en copa. La prevalencia global de parasitismo intestinal fue alta en ambos grupos (A: 88,58%; B: 67,57%). La prevalencia de parásitos intestinales fue: A. lumbricoides (A: 51,42%; B: 29,72%, p = 0,06), E. coli (A: 48,57%; B: 18,91%, p = 0,007), T. trichiura (A: 42,85%; B: 13,51%, p = 0,005), B. hominis (A: 40%; B: 32,42%, p = 0,5), E. nana (A: 37,14%; B: 16,66%, p = 0,04), G. lamblia (A: 25,71%; B: 13,51%, p = 0,19), H. nana (A: 0%; B: 5,4%), I. butschli (A: 2,85%; B: 0%), E. histolytica / E. dispar (A: 2,85%; B: 0%), S. stercoralis (A: 2,85%; B: 0%) y A. duodenale/N. americanus (A: 0%; B: 2,7%). Este estudio concluye que la parasitosis es más frecuente en la población rural que en la urbana, asociado a la pobreza, escaso sanea-miento ambiental y falta de servicios higiénicos. Debido a estas altas cifras de infección parasitaria, es importante realizar exámenes copropara-sitológicos adecuados con el fin de hacer un diagnóstico óptimo que permita brindar un tratamiento oportuno y eficaz

Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD) is a benign, self-limited illness that occurs after scratch or bite of a cat carrier of Bartonella henselae. It presents as lymphadenopathy near to the inoculation site, and affects in 80% of cases individual younger that 21 years old. Fewer than 25% of patients will have the atypical form of the disease, with involvement of organs as liver, spleen, central nervous system and retina. Osteomyelitis has been claimed in old series as rare, although more recent publications suggest a higher incidence. Axial skeleton is the most frequently involved, especially pelvis and dorsal and lumbar spine. Skeletal lesions can be only one or multiple. Lesions not always cause pain and they can appear weeks or months after the beginning of symptoms. We describe two girls with skeletal involvement, positive serology for B. henselae and complete recovery. One of them (12 yr) had fever and abdominal pain, with a hypodense lesion in liver and multifocal osteomyelitis in spine and pelvis. The other one (10 yr) had sub-maxillary adenopathy and one painless lesion in iliac crest, which was evident in bone scan (BS), without fever or worsening of general condition. We recommend the regular use of BS in patients with CSD due to poor sensitivity of radiography in detection of bone envolvement and because these lesions can be multifocal and painless in some cases.

La enfermedad por arañazo de gato (EAG) es una patología benigna y autolimitada transmitida por el rasguño o mordedura de un gato portador de Bartonella henselae, que se manifiesta como linfoadenopatía cercana al sitio de inoculación y que afecta, en 80% de los casos, a sujetos bajo 21 años de edad. Menos de 25% de los pacientes desarrollará la forma atípica de la enfermedad, con compromiso de órganos como hígado, bazo, sistema nervioso central y retina. La osteomielitis ha sido descrita en series antiguas como de escasa ocurrencia, aunque publicaciones recientes sugieren una incidencia mayor. El esqueleto axial es el más frecuentemente comprometido, principalmente pelvis y columna dorsolumbar, pudiendo ser las lesiones esqueléticas únicas o múltiples; éstas no siempre son dolorosas y pueden aparecer hasta semanas o meses después del inicio de los síntomas. Se presenta los casos clínicos de dos niñas con compromiso esquelético, serología positiva para B. henselae y recuperación completa posterior. Una de ellas (edad 12 años) presentó fiebre y dolor abdominal severo, demostrándose lesión hipodensa hepática y osteomielitis multifocal en la columna y pelvis. La otra (edad 10 años) sólo cursó con adenopatía submandibular, sin fiebre ni compromiso general, y una lesión indolora en la cresta ilíaca, visible al cintigrama óseo (CO). Un CO con lesiones axiales uni o multifocales en un paciente febril sin etiología clara, debe hacer sospechar EAG atípica entre las posibles causas. El CO es indispensable si se quiere descartar un compromiso óseo asociada a EAG, especialmente en pacientes sintomáticos con radiografías normales e incluso, aquellos sin dolor óseo.

Human fasciolasis is a growing health problem, with an increasing worldwide incidence of reported cases. Improving its diagnosis through more sensitive and specific techniques is important to clinical practice and to epidemiology, specially to determine new endemic areas. Objective: To evaluate coprological techniques and serological tests for diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica (Fh) infection in humans. Material and methods: The study population involved children aged from 1 to 16 years, in a highly endemic area (Junin, Perú). A total of 194 stool samples and 158 sera were examined. Three coprological techniques were compared: formolether concentration (Ritchie’s), spontaneous sedimentation (SST) and Lumbreras’ rapid sedimentation (RST). Three serological test for Fh were evaluated: Arc 2 (double-diffsion), enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) and Fas2-ELISA. Results: RST showed higher recovery rates (20.61%) of eggs in stools than SST (13.40%) and Ritchie’s (7.72%). The sensitivity of the serological tests was compared with total infected patients diagnosed by all the fecal tests: most sensitive was Fas2-ELISA with 96.77%, EITB was 71.87% and Arc 2, was 34.48%. Conclusion: We conclude that RST is better than the SST and Ritchie’s techniques for the diagnosis of the chronic phase of human infection by Fh using fecal examinations, and that Fas2-ELISA is a very highly sensitive immunodiagnostic test, which may be used for the diagnosis of human Fh infection in both clinical and epidemiological settings, specially for screening human populations living in endemic areas.

La fasciolosis humana es un problema de salud pública debido a la mayor incidencia de casos reportados en los últimos años alrededor del mundo. La necesidad de contar con técnicas o métodos de diagnóstico para Fasciola hepatica de mayor sensibilidad y especificidad es importante tanto para la práctica clínica como para determinar zonas endémicas. Objetivo: Evaluar las técnicas coprológicas y serológicas para el diagnóstico de la infección por Fasciola hepatica en humanos. Material y métodos: La población de estudio comprendió a niños en edad escolar entre 1-16 años de edad, pertenecientes a una zona de alta endemicidad (Junin, Perú). Se obtuvieron un total de 194 muestras de heces y 158 muestras de suero. Se evaluaron tres métodos coproparasitológicos: Método de Concentración éter-formol (MCEF), Técnica de Sedimentación Espontánea (TSE) y la Técnica de Sedimentación Rápida (TSR) modificada por Lumbreras, y tres métodos serológicos: Arco 2, Western blot para F. hepatica y Fas2-ELISA. Resultados: La TSR modificada por Lumbreras fue la de mayor rendimiento (20.61%) en comparación con la TSE (13.40%) y MCEF (7.72%). La sensibilidad de Fas2-ELISA fue de 96.77% superior a la del Western blot y Arco 2, con sensibilidades de 71.87% y 35.48%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La TSR es superior a TSE y MCEF para el diagnóstico de la fasciolosis humana en la fase crónica. Fas2-ELISA, es una prueba de inmunodiagnóstico altamente sensible y que se propone debe ser usada como la prueba de diagnóstico de fasciolosis humana y de tamizaje de la infección en poblaciones humanas que habitan en regiones de alta endemicidad para esta parasitosis.

The protective effect of breast milk from 150 women on infection produced by protozoa Cryptosporidium parvum of children under 2 years old living in a shantytown nearby Lima, Perú was studied. Breast milk had specific secretory Inmunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies to C. parvum antigen determined by Inmunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay. Each mother secreted milk with different composition of specific secretory IgA antibodies against 15 proteins of C. parvum antigen with molecular weight 15-158 k-Da, remained constant during the 24 month lactation period. The risk of C. parvum infection was reduced in children breast milk with specific secretory IgA against proteins of high molecular weight C. parvum antigen (158, 123 y 97 k-Da), protecting the breast fed baby from infection

Se evaluó el efecto protector de la leche materna de 150 madres sobre la infección por Cryptosporidium parvum en niños menores de 2 años. La leche presenta anticuerpos Inmunoglobulinas A Secretoria (IgAs) específicas contra el antígeno de C. parvum por la prueba de Inmunoelectrotransferencia blot (EITB). Cada madre secretó leche con diferente composición de IgAs específicas contra 15 fracciones proteicas del antígeno de C. parvum con pesos moleculares de 15 a 158 k-Da, permaneciendo constantes durante la lactación. Existe menor riesgo a la infección por C. parvum en niños que lactaron leche materna con presencia de IgAs específicas contra las fracciones proteicas de alto peso molecular del antígeno de C. parvum (158, 123 y 97 k-Da)

Soros de pacientes infectados com Taenia solium, Hymenolepis nana e Echinococcus granulosus foram testados contra antígenos parasitários homólogos e heterólogos usando o teste de ELISA e foi verificado alto grau de reatividade cruzada. Para identificar os polipetídeos responsáveis por esta reatividade cruzada foi utilizado o teste "Enzyme Linked Immunoelectro Transfer Blot (EITB)". Soros de pacientes infectados por T.solium, H.nana, e E.granulosus foram colocados em contato com precipitado de sulfato de amônia e antígenos não purificados de T.solium e os de H.nana e E.granulosus. Várias bandas reconhecidas pelos soros de pacientes com infecção por T.solium, H.nana e E.granulosus foram comuns a dois ou três destes cestódeos. Uma única banda foi notada em H.nana a 49 e 66K-Da e no E.granulosus a 17-21 K-Da e 27-32 K-Da. No extrato não purificado de cisticercose uma banda específica não glicoproteica estava presente a 61-67 K-Da além das bandas de glicoproteínas específicas de 50, 42, 24, 21, 18, 14 e 13 K-Da. Nenhum destes soros de pacientes com infecção por H.nana ou E.granulosus reagiu de forma cruzada com estas sete bandas de glicoproteína consideradas específicas à infecção por T.solium

Sera from patients infected with Taenia solium, Hymenolepis nana and Echinococcus granulosus were tested against homologous and heterologous parasite antigens using an ELISA assay, and a high degree of cross-reactivity was verified. To identify polypeptides responsible for this cross reactivity, the Enzyme Linked Immunoelectro Transfer Blot (EITB) was used. Sera from infected patients with T.solium, H.nana, and E.granulosus were assessed against crude, ammonium sulphate precipitated (TSASP), and lentil-lectin purified antigens of T.solium and crude antigens of.H.nana and E.granulosus. Several bands, recognized by sera from patients with T.solium, H.nana, and E.granulosus infections, were common to either two or all three cestodes. Unique reactive bands in H.nana were noted at 49 and 66 K-Da and in E.granulosus at 17-21 K-Da and at 27-32 K-Da. In the crude cysticercosis extract, a specific non glycoprotein band was present at 61-67 K-Da in addiction to specific glycoprotein bands of 50, 42, 24, 21, 18, 14, and 13 K-Da. None of the sera from patients with H.nana or E.granulosus infection cross reacted with these seven glycoprotein bands considered specific for T.solium infection.