Abstract: Particleboard can be produced from a mixture of different lignocellulosic materials, which can be chosen depending on the density required for the panel and its applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of particleboard with bamboo, pine and mate for a new product of high density for the special applications currently served by HDF. Particles of bamboo (Phyllostachys aurea) finely chopped sticks of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and commercial particles of southern pine (Pinus taeda) wood were used. These particles used 100 % by weight in the panel or in mixtures of 50 % each (three mixtures) or in a triple mixture of one third each, were glued in a drum-type rotary mixer with melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin, and pressed in hydraulic press at 120 °C and 5,88 MPa for 10 minutes, up to 6 mm thickness. The panels were produced with 900 kg/m3 nominal density and, after pressing, were conditioned at 20 ºC and 65 % relative humidity. Statistical was performed by means the variance analysis and simplex centroid experimental design, with three replicates. It was found the use of pine particles contributed mainly to increase the panel's strength and stiffness, while the use of mate particles facilitated internal bond strength. The mixtures modeling showed that the water absorption, the strength and stiffness in bending and the internal bond strength are explained by the cubic model, while the thickness swelling and hardness are explained by the quadratic model. The best physical and mechanical properties results were found for the pine, bamboo and mate same ratio mixture.

ABSTRACT In 2006, efforts were launched towards the economic valuation of ecosystemic services provided by forests in Paraguay, this information is very useful for the implementation of public policies. This research sought to estimate the economic value of direct and indirect use of a semi-deciduous mesoxerophytic Schinopsis balansae Engl. Forest, Ecoregion Humid Chaco, Paraguay; detailing its composition, structure and floristic diversity by analyzing two Permanent Biodiversity Monitoring Plots of 1 ha each. In both, 1388 individuals were recorded with BHD ≥ 10 cm, belonging to 54 species, 1 morphospecies, 48 genera and 25 botanic families. Phyllostylon rhamnoides (J. Poiss.) Taub. was the species with higher Importance Value Index (39,20%). According to the Diversity Indexes, site 02 was the most diverse. To valuate the direct use of these sites, according to a census to 303 forestry industries, 13 species were selected as species with a market value for industrial use. The economic value of direct use goods for site 01 was 256,81 US$ ha-1 and for site 02 it was 1.562 US$ ha-1. Considering the forest management option, the value for site 02 was 124,52 US$/ha, while no commercial species in site 01 reached the established minimum felling diameter. The economic value of ecosystemic services of carbon reservoir for site 01 amounted to 129,47 US$ and for site 02 150,81 US$. These tangible values could help improve the regional forest valuation strategies.

RESUMEN En el año 2006 iniciaron esfuerzos de valoración económica de los servicios ecosistémicos que brindan los bosques en Paraguay, esta información es de mucha utilidad para la implementación de políticas públicas. Esta investigación buscó estimar valores económicos de bienes de uso directo e indirecto de un bosque mesoxerofítico semicaducifolio de Schinopsis balansae Engl., Ecorregión Chaco Húmedo, Paraguay, detallando su composición, estructura y diversidad florística, analizando dos Parcelas Permanentes de Monitoreo de la Biodiversidad de 1 ha cada una. En ambas se registraron 1.388 individuos con DAP ≥ 10 cm, pertenecientes a 54 especies, 1 morfoespecie, 48 géneros y 25 familias botánicas. Phyllostylon rhamnoides (J. Poiss.) Taub. fue la especie con mayor Índice de Valor de Importancia (39,20 %). El sitio 02 es el de mayor diversidad. Para valorar su uso directo, luego de un censo a 303 industrias forestales, fueron clasificadas 13 especies con valor de mercado para el uso industrial. El valor económico de bienes de uso directo, con un plan de uso de la tierra, para el sitio 01 fue 256,81 US$ ha-1 y para el sitio 02, 1.562 US$ ha-1. Considerando la opción de manejo forestal el valor para sitio 02 fue 124,52 US$ ha-1, mientras que en sitio 01 ninguna especie comercializable alcanzó los diámetros mínimos establecidos. El valor económico del servicio ecosistémico por reserva de carbono para el sitio 01 ascendió a 129,47 US$ ha-1 y para el sitio 02, 150,81 US$ ha-1. Estos valores ayudarían a mejorar las estrategias de valoración de bosques en la región.

Abstract Introduction and objectives Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been associated with a decrease in postoperative cognitive and behavioral dysfunction in patients submitted to general anesthesia, whether inhalation or total intravenous anesthesia. Consequently, the DEX effects on postoperative agitation and delirium in patients submitted to general anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery have been investigated. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and double-blind clinical trials (RCTs) was undertaken assessing adults submitted to elective procedures under general anesthesia receiving DEX or placebo. The search included articles published in English in the Pubmed and Web of Science databases using keywords such as dexmedetomidine, delirium, and agitation. Duplicate publications, studies involving cardiac surgery or using active control (other than saline solution) were included. A random effects model was adopted using the DerSimonian-Laird method and estimate of Odds Ratio (OR) for dichotomous variables, and weighted mean difference for continuous variables, with their respective 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Results Of the 484 articles identified, 15 were selected comprising 2,183 patients (1,079 and 1,104 patients in the DEX and control group, respectively). The administration of DEX was considered a protective factor for postoperative cognitive and behavioral dysfunction (OR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.23-0.57 and p < 0.001), regardless of the anesthesia technique used. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine administration reduced by at least 43% the likelihood of postoperative cognitive and behavioral dysfunction in adult patients submitted to general anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery.

Abstract This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis between models of mechanical maintenance in forestry machines, subsidizing operational planning in order to reduce production costs. The work was conducted in a forestry company with feller bunchers, skidders and harvester machines. The comparative analysis included the Traditional Maintenance and the World Class Maintenance (WCM) models in the judgment of mechanical availability, hydraulic oil consumption and maintenance costs. Using the WCM maintenance model, the results showed a 5% increase in mechanical availability and a 60% reduction in hydraulic oil consumption. The maintenance cost increased by 3% in the WCM model due to an investment in infrastructure and the training of mechanics, but with the potential for better maintenance of forest machines, along with improvements in operational safety, production capacity and longer machine life.

Abstract Economic analysis assists the administration of forest projects (mainly long-term ones) in providing solidity to the investment. This study aimed to analyze the economic viability of an eucalyptus plantation used for pulp production in the mesoregion of Southern Pará, Brazil. Financial analysis was performed using the following methods: net present value (NPV), equivalent annual value (EAV), soil expectation value (SEV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Additionally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the cost and revenue values that would represent the interface regarding the viability of the project. To this end, a cash flow was created for different scenarios of cost and revenue. The economic indicators demonstrated that the investment, as proposed in the marketing of standing timber, proved to be economically viable. Sensitivity based on the updated net revenue, despite fluctuations, made the project profitable.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivo Existe escassez de estudos sobre a associação entre a síndrome de burnout e ansiedade entre anestesiologistas. A identificação da relação entre as duas condições é de fundamental importância para a prevenção, o acompanhamento e tratamento dos profissionais. Assim, foi avaliada a associação entre síndrome de burnout e ansiedade nos anestesiologistas e residentes em anestesiologia do Distrito Federal. Método Estudo de corte transversal que usou amostra por conveniência composta por residentes e anestesiologistas do Distrito Federal. Correlação entre ansiedade (State Trait Anxiety Inventory) e síndrome de burnout (Maslach burnout Inventory) foi testada a partir da análise de regressão linear múltipla, considerou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Dos 78 formulários respondidos, houve predominância de indivíduos do sexo masculino (57,69%), com média de 42 ± 9,7 anos para os anestesiologistas e de 30 ± 2,9 anos para os residentes. A síndrome de burnout apresentou prevalência de 2,43% entre os anestesiologistas e 2,70% entre médicos residentes, enquanto alto risco para sua manifestação nos anestesiologistas foi de 21,95% e para médicos residentes, de 29,72%. Observou-se correlação entre ansiedade-estado e as variáveis exaustão emocional de burnout, despersonalização de burnout e ansiedade-traço. Em relação à ansiedade-traço não houve correlação estatisticamente significante com as demais variáveis. Conclusão Existe associação entre ansiedade-estado e as dimensões exaustão emocional de burnout, despersonalização de burnout e ansiedade-traço. A ocorrência de ansiedade pode influenciar negativamente a maneira como o indivíduo enfrenta os fatores estressores cotidianos, o que pode estar relacionado ao uso de ineficazes estratégias de enfrentamento diante do estresse.

Abstract Background and objective There is a shortage of studies addressing the association between burnout syndrome and anxiety among anesthesiologists. Identifying the relationship between these two conditions is of fundamental importance for the prevention, follow-up, and treatment of the professionals. Thus, we evaluated the association between burnout syndrome and anxiety in anesthesiologists and residents of anesthesiology in the Federal District. Method A cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of residents and anesthesiologists from the Federal District. The correlation between State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Burnout Syndrome (Maslach Burnout Inventory) was tested using multiple linear regression analysis, considering a significance level of 5%. Results Of the 78 completed forms, there were predominance of males (57.69%), mean age of 42 ± 9.7 years for anesthesiologists and 30 ± 2.9 years for residents. Burnout syndrome had a prevalence of 2.43% among anesthesiologists and 2.70% among resident physicians, while a high risk for its manifestation was 21.95% in anesthesiologists and 29.72% in resident physicians. There was a correlation between state-anxiety and the variables burnout emotional exhaustion, burnout depersonalization, and trait-anxiety. Regarding trait-anxiety, there was no statistically significant correlation with other variables. Conclusions There is association between state-anxiety and the emotional exhaustion dimensions of burnout, burnout depersonalization, and trait-anxiety. The occurrence of anxiety can negatively influence the way the individual faces daily stressors, which may be related to the use of ineffective strategies to cope with stress.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, testar diferentes modelos matemáticos para o ajuste de curvas de índice de sítio e avaliar o modelo de Clutter para predição do crescimento e da produção em povoamentos de Pinus taeda na região norte do Estado de Santa Catarina. Os dados de altura dominante foram obtidos por meio da medição de 216 parcelas, com área de 400 m², em 2009. Para o modelo de Clutter, utilizaram-se dados de inventário contínuo, realizado entre os anos de 2004 e 2008, em talhões com idades entre 5 e 34 anos. As estatísticas coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R²aj), erro padrão da estimativa (Syx), erro padrão da estimativa em porcentagem (Syx%) e distribuição de resíduos em porcentagem foram utilizadas para selecionar o melhor modelo. Verificou-se que o modelo de sítio mais adequado foi o de Silva-Bailey e o modelo de Clutter foi considerado eficiente para estimar o crescimento e a produção em m³.ha-1, do ponto de vista estatístico e biológico.

The objective of this study was to test different models for fitting site index curves and evaluat the Clutter model for predicting Pinus taedagrowth and yield in the northern State of Santa Catarina. The dominant height data were obtained from 216 plots measured in 2009, with an area of 400 m². To fit the Clutter model we used data from permanent plots, conducted between 2004 and 2008 in areas aged between 5 and 34 years. The coefficient of determination (R²adj), standard error of estimate (Syx), standard error of estimate in percentage (Syx%) and residual percentage distribution were the statistics used to select the best model. The Silva-Bailey model was the most appropriated to represent site index curves, while the Clutter model performed well for estimating the growth and yield (m³.ha-1), from a statistical and biological point of view.