ABSTRACT Soil quality can be understood as its capacity to provide several essential services within the ecosystem and has been used to understand the impact of different managements, providing information that proves the benefits and your maintenance of the agroecosystem. To understand the impact of different managements, this study aimed to compare the chemical, physical, and biological soil properties in pasture areas managed with different recovery times in an integrated crop-livestock system about perennial pastures and secondary forest. The following management systems were evaluated: Secondary Forest (SF), Perennial Pasture (PP), pasture recovered to five years through the intercropping corn + Brachiaria brizantha (Palisade grass) (ICL5), and pasture recovered to eight years through the intercropping corn + Brachiaria brizantha (Palisade grass) (ICL8). Different soil properties were evaluated, namely: Chemical: pH, H+Al, Al 3+ , P, K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , TOC, SB, CEC, V, and m; Physical: soil bulk density (Bd), total porosity (Tp), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), soil resistance to penetration (Pr), and gravimetric soil water content (GWc); and biological: soil microbial biomass carbon (SMB-C), basal soil respiration (BSR), metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ), and microbial quotient (qMic). Perennial pasture and ICL8 areas were the ones that most contributed to the increase in nutrients (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and K + ), TOC and sorption complex. The ICL8 area showed the best results in soil physical variables Ma, Tp, Pr, and GWc were the best results for the ICL8 area. Secondary forest and ICL8 areas presented the best results from SMB-C and qMic. Between periods of pasture recovery through the integration of crops and livestock, the longer the recovery time, the greater its beneficial effects on the different chemical, physical and biological soil properties, overcoming secondary forest and perennial pasture.

ABSTRACT In some rural properties of Brazil, soil and water conservation practices are partially or inappropriately implemented, intensifying soil erosion, even in no-tillage (NT) areas. This study aimed to check the farmer’s understanding of conservation agriculture (CA) and assess whether they are using practices appropriate to soil conservation. A basin in the state of Paraná, in Southern Brazil, was selected. Surveys were conducted based on a structured questionnaire and in-person interviews of 234 farmers. Among these farmers, 67 % do not understand CA pillars adequately, and 68 % stated they have been using NT for over 12 years. However, 58 % stated that they carried out some kind of soil preparation. Furthermore, some of the farmers only partially implemented CA, adopting a low level of crop diversification. The main problems pointed out by the farmers to justify simplifying the CA approach were soil compaction, low production of plant biomass and resistance of weeds to herbicides. Most farmers in the study do not have enough knowledge of the pillars of CA. As a result, there is little diversification in crop rotation, and the soil is continually disturbed with chiseling. Furthermore, although most farmers use terracing, they drive sprayers crossing terraces and following the slope, a practice that can impair the capacity of terraces to control surface water runoff. These practices do not contribute to soil and water conservation and endanger the sustainability of agricultural production systems.

Resumo: Introdução: O Teste de Progresso (TP) é um instrumento de avaliação aplicado anualmente e coordenado pela Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica (Abem). A Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) participa do Teste de Progresso da Região Centro-Oeste (TP-CO) desde o ano de 2013 e utiliza os dados oriundos da avaliação para diagnóstico interno e discussões sobre a formação médica. Objetivo: Este estudo descreve os resultados obtidos pelos discentes no TP e analisa possíveis relações entre mudança do PPC e desempenho dos estudantes. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico, realizado a partir dos resultados obtidos pelos discentes do curso em comparação ao universo das instituições do consórcio TP-CO entre 2013 e 2021. Nesse período, participaram do teste estudantes inseridos em duas matrizes curriculares: currículo antigo (CA) e currículo novo (CN). A fim de verificar a evolução da nota média da UnB em cada período em comparação à nota média do consórcio, foi aplicado o teste de proporção para as diferenças em cada par de notas da UnB e do consórcio, em cada ano da série histórica e período dos estudantes avaliados. Resultado: Entre 2013 e 2015, vigência do CA, não se observaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas médias entre os estudantes da UnB de todos os anos do curso comparados ao consórcio TP-CO. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado entre 2016 e 2018, período de transição composto por estudantes das matrizes CA e CN. Contudo, entre 2019 e 2021, vigência da nova matriz curricular, observaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os estudantes da UnB e do consórcio. Conclusão: O TP possibilita um olhar sobre o desempenho da escola e a identificação de lacunas que geram reflexões na busca por uma educação médica de excelência. Com a experiência apresentada, foi possível identificar as trilhas percorridas pelo curso da UnB ao longo de sua participação no consórcio, considerando as mudanças curriculares.

Abstract: Introduction: The Progress Test (TP) is an assessment instrument applied annually and coordinated by the Brazilian Association of Medical Education (ABEM). The UnB School of Medicine has participated in the TP-CO since 2013 and uses the data from the assessment for internal diagnosis and discussions about medical education. Objective: describe the results obtained by students in the TP and analyze possible relationships between changes in the PPC and student performance. Method: This is an analytical cross-sectional study, based on the results obtained by the students of the course compared to the universe of institutions in the TP-CO consortium between 2013 and 2021. In this period, students enrolled in two curricular matrices sat the test: old curriculum (AC) and new curriculum (CN). In order to verify the evolution of the average score of UnB in each period compared to the average score of the consortium, the ratio test was applied to the differences in each pair of scores of UnB and consortium, in each year of the historical series and period of the students evaluated. Results: Between the years 2013 and 2015, when the CA was in effect, no statistically significant differences were observed in the averages between the UnB students of all course years compared to the TP-CO Consortium. The same behavior was verified between 2016 and 2018, a transition period composed of CA and CN matrix students. However, between 2019 and 2021, when the new curricular matrix was in effect, statistically significant differences were observed between the UnB and consortium students. Conclusion: The TP gives insight into the performance of the school and identifies gaps that generate reflections in the search for excellence in medical education. With the experience presented it was possible to identify the paths taken by the UnB course throughout its participation in the consortium, considering the curricular changes.

Resumo Introdução: Os distúrbios minerais e ósseos da doença renal crônica (DMO-DRC) são comuns em pacientes em diálise. A definição de metas para cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), paratormônio (PTHi) e fosfatase alcalina (FA) e suas recomendações de tratamento são fornecidas por diretrizes internacionais. Há poucos estudos analisando o DMO-DRC em pacientes em diálise peritoneal (DP) e o impacto das diretrizes no controle do metabolismo mineral. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi descrever a prevalência de alterações nos marcadores para DMO-DRC em uma grande coorte de pacientes em DP no Brasil. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da coorte observacional prospectiva nacional BRAZPD II. Pacientes incidentes foram acompanhados entre Dezembro de 2004 e Janeiro de 2011. De acordo com as recomendações do KDOQI, os intervalos de referência para Ca total foram de 8,4 a 9,5 mg/dL, para P, 3,5 a 5,5 mg/dL, para PTHi, 150-300 pg/mL, e para FA, 120 U/L. Resultados: A idade média foi de 59,8 ± 16 anos, 48% eram homens e 43% tinham diabetes. No início, o Ca era de 8,9 ± 0,9 mg/dL, e 48,3% estavam na meta do KODQI. Após 1 ano, o Ca aumentou para 9,1 ± 0,9 mg/dL e 50,4% estavam na faixa preferida do KDOQI. P basal era 5,2 ± 1,6 mg/dL, com 52,8% na meta, diminuindo para 4,9 ± 1,5 mg/dL após um ano, quando 54,7% estavam na meta. O PTHi basal mediano foi de 238 (P25% 110 - P75% 426 pg/mL) e permaneceu estável durante o primeiro ano; os pacientes dentro da meta variaram de 26 a 28,5%. No final do estudo, 80% estavam na concentração de 3,5 meq/L de Ca dialisato, 66,9% dos pacientes estavam tomando qualquer quelante de fosfato, e 25% estavam tomando vitamina D ativada. Conclusões: Observamos uma prevalência significativa de distúrbios bioquímicos relacionados ao DMO-DRC nesta população em diálise.

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) are common in dialysis patients. Definition of targets for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), parathormone (iPTH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and their treatment recommendations, are provided by international guidelines. There are few studies analyzing CKD-MBD in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and the impact of guidelines on mineral metabolism control. The aim of our study was to describe the prevalence of biomarkers for CKD-MBD in a large cohort of PD patients in Brazil. Methods: Data from the nation-wide prospective observational cohort BRAZPD II was used. Incident patients were followed between December 2004 and January 2011. According to KDOQI recommendations, reference ranges for total Ca were 8.4 to 9.5 mg/dL, for P, 3.5 to 5.5 mg/dL, for iPTH, 150-300 pg/mL, and for ALP, 120 U/L. Results: Mean age was 59.8 ± 16 years, 48% were male, and 43% had diabetes. In the beginning, Ca was 8.9 ± 0.9 mg/dL, and 48.3% were on the KODQI target. After 1 year, Ca increased to 9.1 ± 0.9 mg/dL and 50.4% were in the KDOQI preferred range. P at baseline was 5.2 ± 1.6 mg/dL, with 52.8% on target, declining to 4.9 ± 1.5 mg/dL after one year, when 54.7% were on target. Median iPTH at baseline was 238 (P25% 110 - P75% 426 pg/mL) and it remained stable throughout the first year; patients within target ranged from 26 to 28.5%. At the end of the study, 80% was in 3.5 meq/L Ca dialysate concentration, 66.9% of patients was taking any phosphate binder, and 25% was taking activated vitamin D. Conclusions: We observed a significant prevalence of biochemical disorders related to CKD-MBD in this dialysis population.

Copalic (CA) and kaurenoic (KA) acids are the main diterpenes found in the oleoresin extracted from the copaiba tree (Copaifera sp). This study aimed to characterize the metabolism of CA and KA in rat and human liver microsomes using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The in vitro assays showed deviations from the Michaelian kinetics in the metabolism of CA and KA. Putative metabolites of CA and KA were characterized by LC-MS/MS using electrospray ionization (ESI) with time of flight (LC-ESI-TOF) and ion-trap (LC-ESI-IT) systems and identified as a CA isomer and 16,17-dihydroxy-kaurenoic acid, respectively. CA and KA are subject to extensive metabolism with each passage through the liver with extraction ratios (E) estimated as 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. In conclusion, the kinetic parameters and metabolites described here might support drug development and the traditional use.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a frequência de anomalias congênitas (ACs) estruturais no centro-oeste brasileiro e a associação com fatores de risco maternos. Métodos Estudo prospectivo, observacional, caso-controle, baseado em uma população hospitalar. Foram analisadas gestantes atendidas em um serviço de medicina fetal no Brasil, no período de outubro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2016. Foram analisadas 357 gestantes, dentre as quais 223 tiveram fetos com ACs estruturais (grupo controle) e 134 tiveram fetos estruturalmente normais (grupo controle). A história clínica foi feita antes da consulta de pré-natal, e o diagnóstico da AC estrutural foi realizado por ultrassonografia. Resultados Observou-se uma frequência de 64,27% (n = 223) de gestantes com fetos com ACs estruturais. As ACs estruturais mais frequentes foram as do sistema nervoso central (30,94%), seguidas das anomalias do sistema gênito-urinário (23,80%), e, por fim, das ACs múltiplas (16,60%). Antecedentes de crianças com AC (razão de probabiliade [RP]: 3,85; p = 0,022), antecedentes familiares (RP: 6,03; p = < 0,001), e consanguinidade entre os grupos progenitores (RP: 4,43; p = 0,034) influenciaram a ocorrência de AC estrutural. Conclusão As ACs mais frequentes foram as do sistema nervoso central, as do sistema gênito-urinário, e as ACs múltiplas. Os fatores de risco maternos que podem ter influenciado a ocorrência de AC estrutural foram antecedentes de crianças com AC, história familiar, e a consanguinidade entre os pais.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the frequency of structural congenital anomalies (CAs) in the midwest of Brazil and its association with maternal risk factors. Methods This was a prospective, observational, case-control study based on a hospital population. Pregnant women attended at a fetal medicine service in Brazil were analyzed in the period from October 2014 to February 2016.A total of 357 pregnant women were included, 223 of whom had fetuses with structural anomalies (group case), and 134 of whom had structurally normal fetuses (control group). The clinical history was made previous to prenatal consultation, and the diagnosis of the structural CA was performed through ultrasound. Results A frequency of 64.27% (n = 223) of pregnant women with fetuses with structural anomalies was observed. The most frequent structural CAs were those of the central nervous system (30.94%), followed by anomalies of the genitourinary system (23.80%), and, finally, by multiple CAs (16.60%). The background of previous children with CAs (odds ratio [OR]: 3.85; p = 0.022), family history (OR: 6.03; p = < 0.001), and consanguinity between the progenitors (OR: 4.43; p = 0.034) influenced the occurrence of structural CA. Conclusion The most frequent CAs are those of the central nervous system, followed by those of the genitourinary system, and then multiple anomalies. The maternal risk factors that may have influenced the occurrence of structural CA were previous children with CA, family history, and consanguinity among the parents.

Resumo Das espécies do gênero Phaseolus, a fava é a mais tolerante à seca se comparada com os feijões comuns. Apesar da sua importância, ela tem sido pouco estudada, necessitando de pesquisas aplicadas à cultura para maior compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos na resposta ao déficit hídrico. Este estudo avalia a tolerância de quatro genótipos de fava cultivados no Ceará quanto a sua resistência ao estresse hídrico. O experimento foi realizado em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 4 x 3 em que o primeiro fator foi constituído pelos genótipos: ‘Branca’, ‘Mulatinha’, ‘Preta’ e ‘Coquinho Laranja’; o segundo por três regimes hídricos: irrigado, déficit moderado e déficit severo; com cinco repetições. As plantas foram conduzidas em vasos até o estádio fenológico V3 onde foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros fisiológicos: taxa fotossintética (A), condutância estomática (gs), relação Ci/Ca, Transpiração (E), eficiência no uso da água (EUA), eficiência no uso da água intrínseca (EUA int), eficiência instantânea de carboxilação (EiC) e taxa de transferência de elétrons (ETR). Sem comprometer seu metabolismo, o genótipo Coquinho Laranja foi mais tolerante ao déficit hídrico, evidenciando maior produtividade fotossintética, associadas à alta eficiência no uso da água pelo fechamento dos seus estômatos com redução da transpiração.

Abstract Among species of the genus Phaseolus, fava is the most tolerant to drought when compared to common beans. Despite its importance, it has been little studied, requiring applied research to the culture for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the response to the water deficit. This study evaluates the tolerance of four fava genotypes grown in Ceará on their resistance to water stress. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in the 4 x 3 factorial scheme in which the first factor was constituted by the cultivars: ‘Branca’, ‘Mulatinha’, ‘Preta’ and ‘Coquinho Laranja’; the second by three water regimes: irrigated, moderate deficit and severe deficit; with five replicates. (A), stomatal conductance (gs), Ci / Ca ratio, Transpiration (E), water use efficiency, efficiency in the use of intrinsic water (USA int), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (EiC) and electron transfer rate (ETR). Without compromising its metabolism, the genotype Coquinho Laranja was more tolerant to the water deficit, evidencing higher photosynthetic productivity, associated with the high efficiency in the use of water by the closure of its stomata with reduction of transpiration.

Cet article propose un parcours à travers les aspects du Ça (Id) tel que mis en évidence par Georg Groddeck et présente des réflexions sur de possibles liens entre la pensée de Groddeck, de Freud et de Lacan. Nous soulignons les idées originales de Georg Groddeck sur le langage inconscient et les symboles dans l’investigation des maladies psychosomatiques, dans un effort constant pour les appliquer à la psychanalyse. Dans sa clinique, la résistance et le transfert étaient considérés comme décisifs pour le remplacement du langage de la maladie par celui de la santé.

This paper reviews aspects of the Id as highlighted by Georg Groddeck and reflects on possible connections between Groddeckian, Freudian and Lacanian thinking. We emphasize Georg Groddeck’s original ideas about unconscious language and symbols in investigating psychosomatic diseases, in a constant effort to apply them to psychoanalysis. In his clinic, resistance and transference were considered decisive for the replacement of the language of disease with that of health.

Dieser Artikel analysiert die von Georg Groddeck hervorgehobenen Aspekte des Es-Begriffs und stellt Überlegungen an zu möglichen Verbindungen zwischen Groddecks, Freuds und Lacans Denken. Vor allem Georg Groddecks ursprüngliche Ideen über unbewusste Sprache und Symbole werden betont, die dieser Autor bei der Untersuchung psychosomatischer Krankheiten entwickelte, in einem ständigen Bemühen diese in der Psychoanalyse anzuwenden. Widerstand und Übertragung werden in seiner Klinik als entscheidend betrachtet, um die Sprache der Krankheit durch die Sprach der Gesundheit zu ersetzen.

Este artigo propõe um percurso pelos aspectos do Isso (Id) como destacados por Georg Groddeck e apresenta reflexões sobre articulações possíveis entre os pensamentos groddeckiano, freudiano e lacaniano. Ressaltam-se as ideias originais de Georg Groddeck sobre linguagem e símbolos inconscientes na investigação das doenças psicossomáticas num esforço constante de aplicá-las à psicanálise. Em sua clínica, resistência e transferência foram consideradas decisivas para a substituição da linguagem da doença pela da saúde.

Este artículo propone un recorrido por los aspectos del Ello, o Id, destacados por Georg Groddeck, y presenta reflexiones sobre posibles vínculos entre el pensamiento groddeckiano, freudiano y lacaniano. Se resaltan las ideas originales de Georg Groddeck sobre el lenguaje y los símbolos inconscientes en la investigación de las enfermedades psicosomáticas, en un esfuerzo constante por aplicarlas al psicoanálisis. En su práctica clínica, la resistencia y la transferencia fueron consideradas decisivas para la sustitución del lenguaje de la enfermedad por el de la salud.

Abstract In many places of the world, medicinal plants represent the only form of treatment for various diseases. This work aimed to determine and correlate minerals of infusions and leaves of medicinal plants grown in Northeastern Brazil. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis and Pearson correlation were performed. The higher content of Na was for Ocimum basilicum L. (94.3 mg/100g) and Datura stramonium L. (91.6 mg/100g). The plants examined had low levels of K in infusions. All samples contain Mg at significant levels. The cluster analysis divided the medicinal plants into three groups, associated with Passiflora edulis, Capraria biflora and Phyllanthus amarus. Ca and Al were the minerals that contributed most to an association between the plants in principal component 1; while K, Na and Mg contributed most in principal component 2. Furthermore, the high percentage of extraction, mainly Ca and Mg, suggests these plants could be used as potential mineral supplements.

RESUMO Pesquisas com nutrição de plantas são essenciais para a correta fertilização, melhorando produtividade e qualidade do produto, além de poder contribuir para a atualização da recomendação. O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o crescimento, acúmulo e exportação de nutrientes, soma térmica e produtividade da cultivar Corona F1. O trabalho foi conduzido no período de 2 de agosto a 25 de outubro de 2013, em Santo Antônio de Posse-SP. Ao final do experimento, 84 dias após o transplante (DAT), a altura média observada foi de 95 cm com 36 folhas e produtividade máxima obtida de 45,8 t ha-1. Concluiu-se que o acúmulo de nutrientes, em g planta-1, foi de: N (14,2) > K (9,3) > Ca (8,0) > Mg (2,5) > S (1,2) > P (0,9) e em mg planta-1, de Mn (49,3) > Fe (34,9) > Zn (19,6) > B (16,4) > Cu (2,1) e a exportação, em kg ha-1, foi de N (94,9) > K (44,1) > Ca (43,0) > Mg (12,6) > S (6,3 ) > P (5,3), em g ha-1, Mn (271,0) > Fe (159,2) > Zn (105,6) > B (82,8) > Cu (11,9). A maior demanda por nutrientes ocorreu entre 40 e 50 DAT. A cultivar Corona F1 precisou de 1.538 graus dias para completar seu ciclo.

ABSTRACT Studies on plant nutrition are essential for a correct fertilizer management, improving yield and quality of the product, and it also may contribute for an updating recommendation. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth, nutrient accumulation and export, thermal sum and yield of zucchini cultivar Corona F1. The experiment was carried out from August 8 to October 25, 2013, in Santo Antônio de Posse, São Paulo State. At the end of the research, 84 days after transplanting (DAT), we observed 95 cm average height with 36 leaves and 45.8 t ha-1 maximum yield. The nutrient accumulation, in g plant-1, was: N (14.2) > K (9.3) > Ca (8.0) > Mg (2.5) > S (1.2) > P (0.9) and in mg plant-1, Mn (49.3) > Fe (34.9) > Zn (19.6) > B (16.4) > Cu (2.1) and export, in kg ha-1, was N (94.9) > K (44.1) > Ca (43.0) > Mg (12.6) > S (6.3 ) > P (5.3), in g ha-1, Mn (271.0) > Fe (159.2) > Zn (105.6) > B (82.8) > Cu (11.9). The highest nutrient demand occurred between 40 and 50 DAT. Cultivar Corona F1 cycle was completed within 1.538 degree-days.

Abstract Sources of calcium and phosphate have been added to dental restorative materials to improve their anticaries effect. Objective This study evaluated the effect of adding calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) to resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on the physico-mechanical properties, ion release, and enamel demineralization. Material and Methods: Specimens were fabricated for each experimental group: RMGIC without CaGP (Control), RMGIC with 1, 3 and 9% CaGP. To determine the release of fluoride (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), six specimens were immersed in demineralization and remineralization solutions for 15 days. In another experimental trial, the following physico-mechanical properties were evaluated at time intervals of 1 and 7 days after fabrication: compressive strength (n=12), diametral tensile strength (n=12), surface hardness of material (n=6) and the degree of conversion of monomers (n=8). To study enamel demineralization, specimens (n=12) were attached to enamel blocks and submitted to pH-cycling. Subsequently, surface and cross-sectional hardness and the concentration of F, Ca and P in enamel were determined. Results The addition of CaGP to RMGIC led to higher mean release of F, Ca and P when compared with control (p<0.001). Mechanical properties were within the range of those of the ionomer cements after addition of 1% and 3% CaGP. The degree of conversion did not differ between groups at the 1st and the 7th day (p>0.439). The addition of 3% and 9% CaGP reduced mineral loss and increased F, Ca and P in the enamel when compared with control (p<0.05). Conclusion The addition of 3% CaGP in RMGIC increased the release of F, P and Ca, reduced enamel demineralization, and maintained the physico-mechanical properties within the parameters for this material.

RESUMO Cólera aviária (CA) é uma doença causada pela bactéria Pasteurella multocida e a severidade dos casos é em parte justificada por fatores de virulência. Genes codificando fímbrias, cápsulas, sialidases, dismutases e proteínas do metabolismo férrico podem ser relacionados à capacidade do agente em infectar o hospedeiro. Além da obtenção do DNA para pesquisa de genes de virulência, o material genético é fundamental para o diagnóstico, e os cartões FTA seriam uma alternativa no transporte de microrganismos. Os objetivos da presente pesquisa foram avaliar a viabilidade do transporte de DNA de P. multocida através dos cartões e detectar 14 genes de virulência em 27 cepas isoladas de CA nos Estados Unidos, por meio de multiplex-PCR. Nenhuma das amostras para análise microbiológica da segurança dos cartões apresentou crescimento. Foi possível a detecção do DNA em 100% das amostras, independentemente do tempo de estocagem (sete a 35 dias) e das temperaturas (4°C e 37°C) avaliadas. Genes ptfA, exbd-tonB, hgbA, nanB, oma87, hyaD-hyaC, sodC, hgbB, sodA, nanH e pfhA foram detectados em mais de 80% das amostras. Os cartões FTA demonstraram ser uma ferramenta viável e segura para o transporte do DNA de P. multocida. A maioria dos genes apresentou uma alta frequência, compatível com isolados de CA.

ABSTRACT Fowl Cholera (FC) is a disease caused by Pasteurella multocida. The severity of this disease is partly caused by virulence factors. Genes encoding fimbriae, capsule, sialidases and proteins for iron metabolism may be related to P. multocida’s ability to infect the host. Besides to examining DNA for the presence of virulence genes, DNA is essential for the diagnostic and FTA cards are an alternative for genetic material transport. The study aims to evaluate the viability of P. multocida DNA transport using the cards and to detect 14 virulence genes in 27 strains isolated from FC cases in the United States by multiplex-PCR. No growth was observed in any of the FTA cards, which was essential to assess the security. Furthermore, DNA detection was possible in 100% of the samples, independent of the storage period (7 to 35 days) and temperature (4°C and 37°C). ptfA, exbd-tonB, hgbA, nanB, oma87, hyaD-hyaC, sodC, hgbB, sodA, nanH and pfhA genes were detected in more than 80% of the samples. FTA cards have proven to be a viable and safe tool for DNA transport of P. multocida. A majority of genes showed a high frequency, which was similar to strains isolated from FC cases.

RESUMO Novos híbridos de cebola mais produtivos estão sendo cultivados atualmente. Assim, informações sobre o crescimento e absorção de nutrientes devem ser atualizadas para auxiliar no refinamento das recomendações existentes, possibilitando melhor explorar o potencial produtivo desses novos genótipos. Objetivou-se com o trabalho determinar o crescimento, acúmulo e exportação de nutrientes do híbrido de cebola Soberana no sistema de semeadura direta. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, onde os tratamentos foram épocas de avaliação. Avaliou-se o número de folhas, massa seca, acúmulo de nutrientes e a taxa máxima de acumulo diário. A sequência de acúmulo de nutrientes foi (g planta-1): K (0,72) > Ca (0,38) > N (0,32) > S (0,14) > P (0,08) > Mg (0,06) e (mg planta-1) Fe (2,26) > Mn (1,43) > Cu (0,93) > Zn (0,91) > B (0,85). A exigência máxima dos macronutrientes ocorreu entre 61 e 148 dias após a semeadura (DAS) e dos micronutrientes entre 70 e 148 DAS.

ABSTRACT New hybrid onions that are more productive are currently being cultivated. Information on growth and nutrient accumulation must thus be updated to assist in the refinement of existing recommendations, enabling the better exploitation of the productive potential of these new genotypes. We determined the growth of plants and the accumulation and export of nutrients of the short-day onion ‘Soberana’ established by direct seeding. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates and the treatments were evaluation times. Leaf number, tissue dry weight, nutrient accumulation, and the maximum daily rate of accumulation were evaluated throughout the growing cycle. The order of nutrient accumulation was (g plant-1) K (0.72) > Ca (0.38) > N (0.32) > S (0.14) > P (0.08) > Mg (0.06) and (mg plant-1) Fe (2.26) > Mn (1.43) > Cu (0.93) > Zn (0.91) > B (0.85). Macronutrient demand was highest between 61 and 148 days after sowing (DAS), and micronutrient demand was highest between 70 and 148 DAS.

Resumo A nutrição mineral é essencial para elevar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos do maracujazeiro. Não há informações sobre o acúmulo de nutrientes ao longo do ciclo de produção para as cultivares disponíveis no mercado. Assim, para poder auxiliar no fornecimento correto de nutrientes e na atualização das recomendações existentes, estudos abrangendo cultivares e técnicas de cultivo são necessários. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, o acúmulo e a exportação de nutrientes em plantas de maracujá-amarelo cv. IAC 275. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, em que os tratamentos foram as épocas de avaliação. Avaliaram-se o comprimento da haste, a massa seca e o acúmulo de nutrientes na parte aérea (folhas e hastes), nos frutos e nas raízes. Calcularam-se a taxa máxima de acúmulo diário e os períodos de máxima exigência nutricional, além da extração e da exportação. O acúmulo de nutrientes no final do ciclo, aos 450 dias após a semeadura, foi em g planta-1: N (178,5) > K (162,4) > Ca (70,8) > Mg (14,8) > S (13,3) > P (11,0) e em mg planta-1: Fe (827,6) > Mn (130,7) > Zn (69,8) > B (56,7) > Cu (17,8).

Abstract The mineral nutrition is essential to increase yield and fruit quality of passion fruit. There is no information of nutrient accumulation throughout the production cycle. Thus, in order to assist in the correct nutrients supply and update the recommendations, studies involving cultivars and cultivation techniques are necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plant growth, the nutrient accumulation and the exportation in plants of yellow passion fruit cv. IAC 275. The experimental design was a randomized block, with three replications, where the treatments were evaluation times. Stem length, dry mass matter and nutrient accumulation in aerial part (leaves and stems), fruits and roots were evaluated. The maximum daily accumulation rate and periods of maximum nutritional requirement were calculated, in addition to the nutrient extraction and exportation. The nutrient accumulation at the end of the cycle, at 450 days after sowing, were in g plant-1: N (178.5) > K (162.4) > Ca (70.8) > Mg (14.8) > S (13.3) > P (11.0) and mg plant-1: Fe (827.6) > Mn (130.7) > Zn (69.8) > B (56.7) > Cu (17.8).

Resumo Ainda não são suficientemente conhecidas as quantidades de nutrientes acumulados e distribuídos em jabuticabeiras jovens. O trabalho objetivou verificar a produção de biomassa, acúmulo e distribuição de nutrientes em mudas de jabuticabeiras ‘Paulista’ e ‘Sabará’. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e as mudas foram propagadas por sementes e transplantadas, após 150 dias, para vasos contendo perlita e cultivadas por 450 dias em solução nutritiva. Avaliou-se, a cada 90 dias, o acúmulo e distribuição de nutrientes nos diferentes órgãos das plantas (raiz, caule e folhas). O acúmulo total médio de nutrientes pelas mudas das jabuticabeiras ‘Paulista’ e ‘Sabará’, aos 450 dias, foi de: N (706 e 611), P (81 e 62), K (541 e 409), Ca (488 e 424), Mg (66 e 54) e S (93 e 92) em mg planta-1 e Cu (1578 e 1635), Fe (20887 e 19652), Mn (13975 e 13434), Zn (4921 e 4048) e B (642 e 764) em µg planta-1, respectivamente. As mudas de jabuticabeiras ‘Paulista’ e ‘Sabará’ apresentaram a seguinte tendência de acúmulo e distribuição de nutrientes entre os órgãos: folha > caule > raiz. Dessa forma, este trabalho pode ser uma referência útil para estudos sobre o manejo da adubação em mudas de jabuticabeiras.

Abstract The amount of nutrients accumulated and distributed in young jabuticaba trees are not yet well known. The aim of this work was to verify biomass production, nutrient accumulation and distribution in ‘Paulista’ and ‘Sabará’ jabuticaba seedlings. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and seedlings were propagated by seeds and transplanted after 150 days into pots containing perlite and cultivated for 450 days in nutrient solution. Nutrient accumulation and distribution in the different plant organs (root, stem and leaves) were evaluated every 90 days. The mean total nutrient accumulation of ‘Paulista’ and ‘Sabará’ seedlings at 450 days were: N (706 and 611), P (81 and 62), K (541 and 409), Ca (488 and 424), Mg (66 and 54) and S (93 and 92) in mg plant-1 and Cu (1578 and 1635), Fe (20887 and 19652), Mn (13975 and 13434), Zn (4921 and 4048) and B (642 and 764) in µg plant-1, respectively. ‘Paulista’ and ‘Sabará’ jabuticaba seedlings presented the following tendency of nutrient accumulation and distribution among organs: leaf > stem > root. Thus, this work can be a useful reference for studies on the fertilization management in jabuticaba seedlings.