ABSTRACT: The determination of eugenol in clove essential oil was performed using a smartphone-operated device, which was used for image capture and processing. The colorimetric reaction with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used, and the lighting conditions were evaluated to capture images directly in 2 mL disposable vessels. The free application PhotoMetrix UVC was used for partial least squares regression calibration with suitable values (R² greater than 0.99). The accuracy of the proposed method was compared with traditional methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) and spectrophotometry, and it can be observed that there were no significant differences (Student’s t-test (P > 0.05), with agreements from 97% to 101%. The smartphone method allowed the evaluation of several samples in a few minutes, with simple analysis steps and easy interpretation of the results. The miniaturized scale allowed the use of small amounts of reagents with minimal waste generation. Therefore, the proposed method can be easily operated in the field and allows the evaluation of the quality of clove essential oil in places of restricted access without the need for a laboratory structure and specialized analysts.

RESUMO: A determinação de eugenol em óleo essencial de cravo-da-índia foi realizada utilizando um dispositivo operado com smartphone para captura e processamento de imagens. Para tal desenvolvimento foi utilizada a reação colorimétrica com o reagente de Folin-Ciocalteu. Foram avaliadas diferentes condições de iluminação para a captura das imagens diretamente em frascos descartáveis de 2 mL. O aplicativo livre PhotoMetrix UVC foi usado para a calibração por regressão de mínimos quadrados parciais com valores adequados (R2 maior que 0.99). A exatidão do método proposto foi comparada com métodos tradicionais, tais como cromatografia gasosa (CG) e espectrofotometria, sem diferenças significativas (teste t de Student (P > 0,05) e com concordâncias entre 97% e 101%. O método com smartphone permitiu a avaliação de várias amostras em poucos minutos, com etapas de análise simples e com fácil interpretação dos resultados. A escala miniaturizada permitiu o uso de pequenas quantidades de reagentes e mínima geração de resíduos. Portanto, o método proposto pode ser facilmente operado em campo e permite avaliar a qualidade de óleo essencial de cravo- da- índia em locais de acesso restrito, sem a necessidade de estrutura laboratorial e analistas especializados.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the best timing and feasibility of intrathecal application of sodium monosialoganglioside (GM1) after spinal cord contusion in Wistar rats as an experimental model. Methods Forty Wistar rats were submitted to contusion spinal cord injury after laminectomy. The animals were randomized and divided into four groups: Group 1 - Intrathecal application of GM1 24 hours after contusion; Group 2 - Intrathecal application of GM1 48 hours after contusion; Group 3 - intrathecal application of GM1 72 hours after contusion; Group 4 - Sham, with laminectomy and intrathecal application of 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline solution, without contusion. The recovery of locomotor function was evaluated at seven different moments by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) test. They were also assessed by the horizontal ladder, with sensory-motor behavioral assessment criteria, pre-and postoperatively. Results This experimental study showed better functional scores in the group submitted to the application of GM1, with statistically significant results, showing a mean increase when evaluated on known motor tests like the horizontal ladder and BBB, at all times of evaluation (p < 0.05), especially in group 2 (48 hours after spinal cord injury). Also, fewer mistakes and slips over the horizontal ladder were observed, and many points were achieved at the BBB scale analysis. Conclusion The study demonstrated that the intrathecal application of GM1 after spinal cord contusion in Wistar rats is feasible. The application 48 hours after the injury presented the best functional results.

RESUMO Muitos alimentos interagem com medicamentos e podem causar alterações nos efeitos farmacológicos do agente terapêutico coadministrado. A enzima CYP3A4, que pertence ao complexo enzimático do citocromo P450, é responsável pelo metabolismo da maioria dos medicamentos atualmente no mercado e está envolvida em muitas interações medicamentosas. Assim, a interação dessa enzima com sucos de algumas frutas, como a toranja, pode afetar a farmacocinética de vários medicamentos. No entanto, frutas nativas da região amazônica ainda não foram alvo desse tipo de pesquisa. Determinamos polifenóis e flavonoides totais dos frutos amazônicos de açaí (Euterpe precatoria), buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum), cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), jenipapo (Genipa americana) e taperebá (Spondias mombin) e avaliamos os efeitos de cada suco de fruta sobre a atividade de CYP3A4, utilizando o suco de carambola (Averrhoa carambola) como controle positivo. O suco de açaí apresentou o maior teor de polifenóis totais e flavonóides (102,6 ± 7,2 µg equivalente de ácido gálico (GAE) por mL e 7,2 ± 0,6 µg equivalente de quercetina (QE) por mL, respectivamente). Todos os sucos foram capazes de inibir a atividade de CYP3A4. Não houve atividade residual da enzima metabolizadora de fármacos para os sucos de açaí, buriti, cubiu, camu-camu e taperebá, enquanto para cupuaçu, jenipapo e o controle positivo, a atividade residual foi de 44,3, 54,3 e 20,2%, respectivamente. Estudos adicionais devem identificar o(s) fitocomposto(s) responsável(is) por esta atividade de inibição, para esclarecer os mecanismos envolvidos neste fenômeno.

ABSTRACT Many foods interact with drugs and may cause changes in the pharmacological effects of the co-administered therapeutic agent. The enzyme CYP3A4, which belongs to the cytochrome P450 enzyme complex, is responsible for the metabolism of most drugs currently on the market and is involved in many drug interactions. Hence, the interaction of this enzyme with juices of some fruits, such as grapefruit, can affect the pharmacokinetics of various drugs. However, native fruits from the Amazon region have not yet been the target of this type of research. We determined total polyphenols and flavonoids of the Amazonian fruits açaí (Euterpe precatoria), buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum), cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), jenipapo (Genipa americana), and taperebá (Spondias mombin) and evaluated the effects of each fruit juice on CYP3A4 activity, using the star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) juice as positive control. Açaí juice presented the highest content of total polyphenols and flavonoids (102.6 ± 7.2 µg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per mL and 7.2 ± 0.6 µg quercetin equivalent (QE) per mL, respectively). All juices were able to inhibit the activity of CYP3A4. There was no residual activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme for açai, buriti, cubiu, camu-camu, and taperebá juice, while for cupuaçu, jenipapo and the positive control, the residual activity was 44.3, 54.3 and 20.2%, respectively. Additional studies should identify the phytocompound(s) responsible for this inhibition activity, to clarify the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of synchronization with prostaglandin F2α in Baixadeiro mares during the rainy and dry seasons. Fourteen mares were synchronized by administering two doses of 1 mL prostaglandin PGF 2α and monitored by rectal palpation and ultrasound for the assessment of follicular development and uterine echotexture. Of this total, nine mares allowed the collection of blood, in which the blood was collected by venipuncture of the jugular vein to determine progesterone (P4) by ELISA. Mares showed no differences (P > 0.05) in weight, body score condition (BSC), tone, uterine edema, frequency of ovulation, synchronization interval, estrus, and the total number of follicles between periods. However, there was a difference in large increased follicle diameter (P < 0.05) during the dry season. The average concentrations of P4 in mares differed (P < 0.05) between the pre- and post-ovulatory phases for both seasons and after ovulation, with higher concentrations in the rainy season. Furthermore, statistical differences in daily light (P < 0.05) were observed between the dry and rainy periods. Thus, we conclude that mares from the genetic grouping Baixadeiro showed no reproductive seasonality, though there was a difference in luminosity between the rainy and dry seasons. The treatment with two doses of PGF 2α was effective in synchronizing the mares, promoting the return of estrus in the dry and rainy periods. The mares remaining cyclically active throughout the year provided there were appropriate forage availability and quality levels to allow for normal values of body weight and condition.

ABSTRACT Background The World Health Organization recommends reliable point-of-care (POC) diagnostic testing to eliminate schistosomiasis. Lateral flow immunoassay that detects schistosome circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine to establish prevalence thresholds for intervention in endemic areas is recommended. Stored urine may be useful if surveying at-risk populations is delayed or interrupted by unforeseen circumstances, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. This study evaluated the manufacturer’s claim that Schistosoma mansoni infection can be reliably diagnosed in urine samples stored at -20°C for one year. Methods Two-hundred-forty-two subjects from an endemic site in Brazil provided one urine sample each for testing with URINE CCA (SCHISTO) ECO TESTE® (POC-ECO) and one stool sample each for testing with Kato-Katz (KK) and Helmintex® (HTX) as a robust reference standard for infection status. At least 2 ml of urine from each participant was stored at -20°C; after one year, 76 samples were randomly selected for POC-ECO retesting. Results: The POC-ECO agreement between freshly collected and stored urine was inadequate considering trace results as positive (Cohen’s kappa coefficient κ = 0.08) and negative (κ = 0.36). POC-ECO accuracy was not significantly greater than that of routine KK (54%; 95% confidence interval: 42.1%-65.5%). Conclusions The precision and accuracy of POC-ECO have to be optimized in both freshly collected and stored urine before it can be recommended for use in control programs in Brazil.

Abstract Objective: To determine the sodium concentration in cow milk available for sale and to estimate its consumption by infants up to 6 months of age. Methods: Sodium level was determined by flame emission spectrophotometry in eight different lots of five brands of liquid ultra-high temperature milk and three brands of powdered milk. To estimate sodium consumption via cow milk, orientations for exceptional situations when neither breastfeeding nor infant formula is possible were considered. Inferential statistics were performed and results were compared with critical parameters at a 5% significance level. Results: The mean sodium content per portion found in liquid milk (162.5 ± 16.2) mg/200 mL was higher than that in powdered milk (116.8 ± 3.0) mg/26 g. Estimated sodium consumption by infants through powdered milk varied from 149.8 to 224.7% of adequate intake, and via liquid milk can be more than 500% of the adequate intake, reaching 812.4% of it if dilution is not applied. Seven of the eight brands of milk studied had declared, on their labels, that the sodium content was 13-30% lower than that found in chemical analysis. Conclusion: Liquid and powdered whole cow milk have high sodium content, and the content per portion is higher in liquid milk than in powdered milk. The estimated consumption of sodium through these products can far exceed the adequate intake for infants from 0 to 6 months old, even when the recommended dilution and maximum daily volumes are followed.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar os fatores de risco para hemorragia pós-parto e hemorragia pósparto grave com o sangramento pós-parto avaliado objetivamente. Métodos Trata-se de uma análise complementar de umestudo de coorte prospectivo que incluiu somente mulheres que evoluíram para parto vaginal. O total de perda sanguínea foi avaliado objetivamente durante 24 horas pós-parto através da soma da quantidade de sangue mensurada através de um coletor de sangue pós-parto somado ao peso de compressas, gases e absorventes utilizados no período pós-parto. Análises exploratórias dos dados foram realizadas através do cálculo de médias, desvio-padrão (DP), frequência, porcentagem e percentis. Os fatores de risco foram avaliados através de regressão linear e logística. Resultados Foram incluídas 270 mulheres. A média de perda sanguínea pós-parto após 120 minutos foi de 427.49 mL (±335.57 mL). Trinta e umpor cento (84 mulheres) sangraram> 500mL e 8,2% (22 mulheres) sangraram > 1.000mL em 2 horas. Episiotomia, segundo período do parto prolongado e uso de fórceps estiveram associados a perda sanguínea > 500mL em 2 horas. Na análise multivariada, somente fórceps manteve-se entre os fatores de risco para sangramentos superiores a 500mL em 2 horas (odds ratio [OR] = 9.5 [2.85-31.53]). Anemia prévia e episiotomia estiveram associadas com perda sanguínea > 1.000 mL. Conclusão Segundo período do parto prolongado, fórceps e episiotomia estão associados a aumento da incidência de hemorragia pós-parto e devem ser usados como um alerta para os profissionais de saúde para o reconhecimento precoce e tratamento imediato da patologia.

Abstract Objective To identify risk factors related to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and severe PPH with blood loss quantified objectively. Methods This is a complementary analysis of a prospective cohort study that included pregnant women delivering vaginally. The total blood loss was obtained through the sum of the volume collected from the drape with the weight of gauzes, compresses and pads used by women within 2 hours. Exploratory data analysis was performed to assess mean, standard deviation (SD), frequency, percentage and percentiles. The risk factors for postpartum bleeding were evaluated using linear and logistic regression. Results We included 270 women. Themean blood loss at 120 minutes was 427.49 mL (±335.57 mL). Thirty-one percent (84 women) bled > 500mL and 8.2% (22 women) bled > 1,000 mL within 2 hours. Episiotomy, longer second stage of labor and forceps delivery were related to blood loss > 500mL within 2 hours, in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only forceps remained associated with bleeding > 500 mL within 2 hours (odds ratio [OR] = 9.5 [2.85-31.53]). Previous anemia and episiotomy were also related to blood loss > 1,000mL. Conclusion Prolonged second stage of labor, forceps and episiotomy are related to increased incidence of PPH, and should be used as an alert for the delivery assistants for early recognition and prompt treatment for PPH.

RESUMO: O leite bubalino é rico em nutrientes e pode servir de substrato para a proliferação de micro-organismos. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a cinética de crescimento de Salmonella Typhimurium e Listeria monocytogenes em leite bubalino, em diferentes condições de processamento e armazenamento. Para isso, utilizaram-se amostras de leite cru e pasteurizado, que foram inoculadas com 1 UFC/25 mL de cada bactéria separadamente e em conjunto. Após a contaminação, as amostras foram armazenadas nas temperaturas de 8 ºC e 37 ºC e realizadas contagens bacterianas em 24, 48 e 168h. Além disso, foi acompanhado o crescimento da microbiota acompanhante, o pH e o efeito dessas variáveis sobre a cinética de crescimento dos micro-organismos. Os patógenos testados conseguiram se proliferar na maioria das condições testadas, atingindo altos títulos durante todo o período experimental. Na temperatura de 37 ºC, houve uma diminuição do pH e um aumento da microbiota acompanhante, o que interferiu na curva de crescimento microbiana. Observou-se também que o leite pasteurizado e submetido a 8 ºC possibilitou melhores condições para a multiplicação das bactérias. Sendo assim, concluiu-se que cuidados durante toda a cadeia de produção, armazenamento e comercialização do leite devem ser adotados para garantir a segurança microbiológica desse alimento.

ABSTRACT: Buffalo milk is rich in nutrients and can serve as a substrate for the proliferation of microorganisms. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth kinetics of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in buffalo milk under different processing and storage conditions. Samples of raw and pasteurized milk were inoculated with 1 CFU of each bacterium, separately and together, per 25 mL. After contamination, samples were stored at 8 °C or 37 °C, and bacterial counts were performed at 24, 48, and 168 h. In addition, the accompanying microbiota growth, pH, and the effect of these variables on the growth kinetics of microorganisms were monitored. The pathogens tested were able to proliferate under most conditions tested, reaching high titers throughout the experimental period. At 37 °C, there was a decrease in pH and an increase in the accompanying microbiota that interfered with the microbial growth curve. It was also observed that pasteurized milk subjected to 8 °C provided better conditions for the multiplication of bacteria. Therefore, it was concluded that care throughout the production chain, storage, and commercialization of milk must be adopted to guarantee the microbiological safety of this food.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Trypanosoma cruzi infection triggers an inflammatory process with exacerbated production of cytokines that stimulate inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals, including the efferent anti-inflammatory signal known as the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway. Thus, the use of anticholinesterase drugs, such as galantamine, could minimize the inflammatory process caused by this disease. METHODS For the study at 30, 60, and 90 days, 120 Swiss mice were divided into three groups. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups: uninfected/untreated (CTRL), uninfected/treated (GAL), infected/untreated (INF), and infected/treated (GAL/INF). The infected groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of mouse blood containing 5 × 104 trypomastigote forms of the T. cruzi QM2 strain. The galantamine-treated groups received 5 mg/kg of galantamine orally, through pipetting. From each subgroup, the parameters of parasitemia, histopathological analysis, butyrylcholinesterase activity (BuChE), and functional study of the colon were evaluated. RESULTS: BuChE performance was observed when AChE was suppressed, with increased activity in the GAL/INF group similar to the INF group on the 30th day post infection, thus corroborating the absence of a significant difference in parasitic curves and histopathological analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of an inflammatory process and nests of amastigotes, as well as evidence of reactivity to ACh and NOR, suggest that galantamine did not interfere with the colonic inflammatory response or even in colonic tissue parasitism at this stage of Chagas disease.

RESUMO Racional: A hipertensão portal (HP), medida indiretamente através do gradiente pressórico da veia hepática >5 mmHg, tem como principal causa etiológica a cirrose. Possui como complicações a ascite, disfunção hepática, disfunção renal e varizes esofagogástricas, que caracterizam o quadro de gastropatia. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso do carvedilol como profilaxia primária no desenvolvimento da circulação colateral em ratos submetidos ao modelo de ligadura parcial de veia porta (LPVP). Método: Estudo experimental qualitativo e quantitativo no qual foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar, divididos em quatro grupos (n=8): grupo I - cirrose + carvedilol (LPVP+C); grupo II - cirrose + veículo (LPVP); grupo III - controle + carvedilol (SO - sham-operated+C); grupo IV - controle + veículo (SO - sham-operated). Após transcorridos sete dias do procedimento cirúrgico, foi administrado carvedilol (10 mg/kg) e veículo (1mL) para os respectivos grupos por sete dias consecutivos. Resultados: A análise histológica não mostrou alteração hepática em nenhum grupo e diminuição de edema e vasodilatação no grupo LPVP+C. A avaliação laboratorial da função hepática não mostrou alteração com significância estatística entre os grupos. Conclusão: Carvedilol mostrou ser fármaco com efeito positivo no sangramento das varizes gástricas e sem efeitos adversos significantes.

ABSTRACT Background: Portal hypertension (PH) can be measured indirectly through a hepatic vein pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. Cirrhosis is the leading cause for PH and can present as complications ascites, hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and esophagogastric varices, characterizing gastropathy. Aim: To evaluate the use of carvedilol as primary prophylaxis in the development of collateral circulation in rats submitted to the partial portal vein ligament (PPVL) model. Method: This is a combined qualitative and quantitative experimental study in which 32 Wistar rats were divided into four groups (8 animals in each): group I - cirrhosis + carvedilol (PPVL + C); group II - cirrhosis + vehicle (PPVL); group III - control + carvedilol (SO-sham-operated + C); group IV - control + vehicle (SO-sham-operated). After seven days of the surgical procedure (PPVL or sham), carvedilol (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (1 mL normal saline) were administered to the respective groups daily for seven days. Results: The histological analysis showed no hepatic alteration in any group and a decrease in edema and vasodilatation in the PPVL + C group. The laboratory evaluation of liver function did not show a statistically significant change between the groups. Conclusion: Carvedilol was shown to have a positive effect on gastric varices without significant adverse effects.

Objetivo: verificar a existência de elementos que justifiquem o uso da farmacogenética pelo enfermeiro brasileiro. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, do tipo transversal, observacional descritivo, cuja amostra final foi de 67 indivíduos. Os participantes estavam saudáveis no momento do estudo e reportaram histórico de uso prévio e ocorrência de efeitos adversos por fármacos comumente utilizados e metabolizados pela CYP2C9. Coletamos 4 mL de sangue venoso para posterior extração de DNA por método salting out e genotipagem dos polimorfismos CYP2C9*2 e CYP2C9*3 através de Polymerase Chain Reaction em tempo real, utilizando ensaios Taqman. Resultados: o uso de fármacos metabolizados pela CYP2C9 foi frequente (mais de 75% dos sujeitos já utilizaram entre 2 ou 4 desses fármacos). A respeito dos eventos adversos, houve 19 ocorrências sintomáticas percebidas, associadas a fármacos metabolizados pela CYP2C9. A frequência alélica do polimorfismo *2 e *3 na população estudada foi de 11,1% e 7,5%, respectivamente, com coincidência entre a presença dos alelos de baixa atividade enzimática e ocorrência de efeitos adversos. Conclusão: existem elementos que justificam a adoção da farmacogenética no cuidado do enfermeiro com objetivo de redução da ocorrência de reações adversas a fármacos metabolizados pela CYP2C9.

Objective: to verify the existence of elements that justify the use of pharmacogenetics by the Brazilian nurse. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study, whose final sample was 67 individuals. The participants were healthy at the time of the study and reported a history of previous use and the occurrence of adverse effects by drugs commonly used and metabolized by CYP2C9. We collected 4 mL of venous blood for subsequent DNA extraction by salting out method and genotyping of the CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 polymorphisms, using Polymerase Chain Reaction in real time using Taqman assays. Results: the use of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 was frequent (more than 75% of the individuals have already used between 2 or 4 of these drugs). Regarding adverse events, there were 19 perceived symptomatic occurrences associated with drugs metabolized by CYP2C9. The allele frequency of the polymorphism * 2 and * 3 in the population studied was 11.1% and 7.5%, respectively, and there was a coincidence between the presence of alleles of low enzyme activity and the occurrence of adverse effects. Conclusion: there are elements that justify the adoption of pharmacogenetics in the nursing care to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions to drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.

Objetivo: verificar la existencia de elementos que justifiquen el uso de la farmacogenética por parte del enfermero brasileño. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, observacional, descriptivo, cuya muestra final fue de 67 individuos. Los participantes estaban sanos en el momento del estudio e informaron un historial de uso previo y la aparición de efectos adversos por fármacos comúnmente utilizados y metabolizados por el CYP2C9. Recolectamos 4 ml de sangre venosa para la posterior extracción de ADN mediante el método de salazón y genotipificación de los polimorfismos CYP2C9 * 2 y CYP2C9 * 3 a través de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real utilizando ensayos Taqman. Resultados: el uso de drogas metabolizadas por el CYP2C9 fue frecuente (más del 75% de las personas ya han usado entre 2 o 4 de estas drogas). Con respecto a los eventos adversos, hubo 19 casos sintomáticos percibidos asociados con medicamentos metabolizados por el CYP2C9. La frecuencia alélica del polimorfismo * 2 y * 3 en la población estudiada fue de 11.1% y 7.5%, respectivamente, y hubo una coincidencia entre la presencia de alelos de baja actividad enzimática y la aparición de efectos adversos. Conclusión: existen elementos que justifican la adopción de la farmacogenética en el cuidado del enfermero para reducir la aparición de reacciones adversas a los medicamentos metabolizados por el CYP2C9.

Objective: to verify the existence of elements that justify the use of pharmacogenetics by the Brazilian nurse. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study, whose final sample was 67 individuals. The participants were healthy at the time of the study and reported a history of previous use and the occurrence of adverse effects by drugs commonly used and metabolized by CYP2C9. We collected 4 mL of venous blood for subsequent DNA extraction by salting out method and genotyping of the CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 polymorphisms, using Polymerase Chain Reaction in real time using Taqman assays. Results: the use of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 was frequent (more than 75% of the individuals have already used between 2 or 4 of these drugs). Regarding adverse events, there were 19 perceived symptomatic occurrences associated with drugs metabolized by CYP2C9. The allele frequency of the polymorphism * 2 and * 3 in the population studied was 11.1% and 7.5%, respectively, and there was a coincidence between the presence of alleles of low enzyme activity and the occurrence of adverse effects. Conclusion: there are elements that justify the adoption of pharmacogenetics in the nursing care to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions to drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.

Objetivo: verificar la existencia de elementos que justifiquen el uso de la farmacogenética por parte del enfermero brasileño. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, observacional, descriptivo, cuya muestra final fue de 67 individuos. Los participantes estaban sanos en el momento del estudio e informaron un historial de uso previo y la aparición de efectos adversos por fármacos comúnmente utilizados y metabolizados por el CYP2C9. Recolectamos 4 ml de sangre venosa para la posterior extracción de ADN mediante el método de salazón y genotipificación de los polimorfismos CYP2C9 * 2 y CYP2C9 * 3 a través de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real utilizando ensayos Taqman. Resultados: el uso de drogas metabolizadas por el CYP2C9 fue frecuente (más del 75% de las personas ya han usado entre 2 o 4 de estas drogas). Con respecto a los eventos adversos, hubo 19 casos sintomáticos percibidos asociados con medicamentos metabolizados por el CYP2C9. La frecuencia alélica del polimorfismo * 2 y * 3 en la población estudiada fue de 11.1% y 7.5%, respectivamente, y hubo una coincidencia entre la presencia de alelos de baja actividad enzimática y la aparición de efectos adversos. Conclusión: existen elementos que justifican la adopción de la farmacogenética en el cuidado del enfermero para reducir la aparición de reacciones adversas a los medicamentos metabolizados por el CYP2C9.

Objetivo: verificar a existência de elementos que justifiquem o uso da farmacogenética pelo enfermeiro brasileiro. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, do tipo transversal, observacional descritivo, cuja amostra final foi de 67 indivíduos. Os participantes estavam saudáveis no momento do estudo e reportaram histórico de uso prévio e ocorrência de efeitos adversos por fármacos comumente utilizados e metabolizados pela CYP2C9. Coletamos 4 mL de sangue venoso para posterior extração de DNA por método salting out e genotipagem dos polimorfismos CYP2C9*2 e CYP2C9*3 através de Polymerase Chain Reaction em tempo real, utilizando ensaios Taqman. Resultados: o uso de fármacos metabolizados pela CYP2C9 foi frequente (mais de 75% dos sujeitos já utilizaram entre 2 ou 4 desses fármacos). A respeito dos eventos adversos, houve 19 ocorrências sintomáticas percebidas, associadas a fármacos metabolizados pela CYP2C9. A frequência alélica do polimorfismo *2 e *3 na população estudada foi de 11,1% e 7,5%, respectivamente, com coincidência entre a presença dos alelos de baixa atividade enzimática e ocorrência de efeitos adversos. Conclusão: existem elementos que justificam a adoção da farmacogenética no cuidado do enfermeiro com objetivo de redução da ocorrência de reações adversas a fármacos metabolizados pela CYP2C9.

Abstract Purpose To analyze changes in the thermal pattern in the skin graft receptor bed, after the use of therapeutic ultrasound through the thermographic images. Methods Eighteen Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar, separated into two groups: GST groups (without tumor and without treatment with ultrasound) and GT (with tumor and treatment with ultrasound). In the GT group, induction of carcinogenesis was performed by single intradermal application of 0.05 ml DMBA at 0.5%, diluted in acetone. Subsequently, a technique of reconstructive grafting surgery of the mesh type was performed in both groups and treatment with therapeutic ultrasound was performed in the GT group the alternate day protocol at 3, 6, 10 and 15 days after the procedure. The thermographic evaluation occurred on days 3, 6, 10 and 15 after the grafting. Results There was a significant difference between the statistical evaluation of the temperature of the control group when compared to the treated group, on the different evaluation days (p <0.0001). Conclusion The thermographic analysis of the images was effective in evaluating the healing process, being the use of thermography feasible to evaluate changes in the thermal standard in the surgical bed, besides the beneficial effects of the US.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de biofertilizante bovino na produtividade e na pós-colheita da cultura do morango em diferentes ambientes de cultivo. O experimento foi desenvolvido, em dois ciclos de produção, em Fortaleza, Ceará. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, arranjados em parcelas subdivididas, onde as parcelas foram três ambientes de cultivo (A1= ambiente protegido do tipo telado, com nebulização com água gelada (temperatura variando entre 18 e 20 °C) e sobre piso branco, A2 = a pleno sol, com nebulização com água gelada e sobre piso branco, A3 = a pleno sol sem nebulização e sobre piso concretado sem pintura) e as subparcelas, cinco doses de biofertilizante (D1=0,0; D2=500; D3= 750; D4=1000; e D5= 1250 mL planta-1. semana-1), com cinco repetições. Nos dois anos, a produtividade foi maior no ambiente protegido do tipo telado, com nebulização e sobre piso branco, na dose de 500 mL semana-1 planta-1 no primeiro ciclo e 325 mL semana-1 planta-1 no segundo ciclo. A dose de biofertilizante bovino de 1250 mL semana-1 planta-1 promovem melhor diâmetro e comprimento do fruto dutante o primeiro ciclo. Durante o segundo ciclo, as doses de biofertilizante bovino de 585 e 620 proporcionam maior comprimento e diâmetro do fruto, respectivamente, no ambiente protegido do tipo telado, com nebulização e sobre piso branco. O ambiente a pleno sol sem nebulização e sobre piso sem pintura, apresentou melhores sólidos solúveis (°Brix) em relação ao ambiente protegido do tipo telado e a pleno sol com nebulização.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of bovine biofertilizer on yield and post harvest of the strawberry crop in different growing environments. The experiment was carried out in two cycles of production, in Fortaleza, Ceará. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, arranged in subdivided plots, where the plots were of three cultivated environments (A1 = protected environment with screens, cold-water spraying, and white floor; A2 = environment with full sun, cold-water spraying, and white floor; A3 = environment with full sun, no cold-water spraying, and grey floor). The subplots consisted of five doses of biofertilizer (D1 = 0,0, D2 = 500, D3 = 750, D4 = 1000 and D5 = 1250 mL plant-1 week -1), with five replications. In the two-year period, the dose was higher in the protected environment of the weed type, with nebulization and on the white floor, at the dose of 500 mL week-1 plant-1 in the first cycle and 325 mL week-1 plant-1 in the second cycle. The dose of bovine biofertilizer of 1250 mL week-1 plant-1 promotes a longer duration and duration of the first cycle. During the second cycle, as the bovine biofertilizer doses of 585 and 620 provide higher and lower output than the protected environment. The environment without nebulization and on the floor without painting, the best soluble practices (Brix) in relation to the protected environment of the type screened and a full sun with nebulization.

Resumo Relatamos um caso atípico de uma paciente de 40 anos com apresentação completa da Síndrome de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (SVKH) que após 17 anos do diagnóstico inicial evoluiu com descolamento seroso de coroide. A paciente procurou atendimento com queixa de dor em olho esquerdo (OE). O exame oftalmológico revelou acuidade visual (AV) igual a de movimento de mãos, à biomicroscopia foi observada reação inflamatória granulomatosa na câmara anterior, a tonometria foi igual a 0 mmhg, e a fundoscopia indevassável pela pouca midríase e turvação de meios em OE. O descolamento seroso de coroide foi avaliado através de ultrassonografia ocular. A abordagem terapeutica intituida para paciente consistiu em prednisona 1mg/kg/dia via oral, dexametasona 1mg/mL e atropina 1% colírios. A evolução do quadro foi satisfatória, com melhora da AV para 20/40, ausência de reação inflamatória em câmara anterior, normalização da pressão intraocular e resolução do descolamento seroso de coroide em OE. Concluimos que a fase crônica da SVKH, apesar da manifestação classicamente descrita ser uveíte anterior, pode ter outras apresentações e o descolamento seroso da coroide é uma rara complicação.

Abstract We report an atypical case of a 40-year-old woman with complete presentation of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome (VKH) who presented with unilateral serous choroidal detachment 17 years after the diagnosis. The patient complained of pain in the left eye, the ophthalmologic examination revealed visual acuity (VA) equal to hand motion; biomicroscopy revealed a granulomatous inflammatory reaction in the anterior chamber, tonometry was equal to 0 mmhg, and the fundoscopy was impracticable. Serous choroidal detachment was assessed by ocular ultrasonography. The therapeutic approach proposed for the patient consisted of prednisone 1mg / kg / day orally, dexamethasone 1mg / mL and atropine 1% eye drops. The evolution of the condition was satisfactory, with VA improvement to 20/40, absence of inflammatory reaction in anterior chamber, normalization of intraocular pressure and resolution of serous choroidal detachment in OS. We conclude that the chronic phase of VKH, although classically described as anterior uveitis, may have other presentations and the serous choroid detachment is a rare complication.