ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trends in vaccination coverage (VC) during the first year of life of children in Brazil. Methods: Data on VC for the first year of life from 2011 to 2020 for Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), hepatitis B, polio, pentavalent, and triple viral vaccines at the national, regional, and state levels were obtained from the Information System of the National Immunization Program. Trends were analyzed using Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression models and average annual percent change (APC) estimates. Results: Decreasing trends were observed for the BCG (APC −3.58%; p<0.05), pentavalent (APC −4.10%; p<0.05), polio (APC −2.76%; p<0.05), and triple viral (APC −2.56%; p<0.05) vaccines in the country. Hepatitis B vaccine was the only vaccine that displayed stationary behavior (APC −4.22%; p>0.05). During the study period, no increasing trends were observed in any territory or vaccine. Conclusions: This study shows a recent significant reduction and decreasing trends in VC during the first year of life of children in Brazil, indicating the need for interventions to curb this ongoing phenomenon and to recover acceptable VC rates in the country.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal da cobertura vacinal (CV) em crianças com idade menor ou igual a um ano no Brasil. Métodos: Foram empregados dados da CV no primeiro ano de vida de 2011 a 2020 referentes às vacinas BCG, hepatite B, poliomielite, pentavalente e tríplice viral, obtidos do Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (SI-PNI). Os dados estão agregados em nível nacional, regional e estadual. Para a análise de tendência foi utilizado o modelo de regressão linear generalizado de Prais-Winsten e foi calculada a variação percentual média anual (APC). Resultados: As tendências de CV para as vacinas BCG (APC −3,58%; p<0,05), pentavalente (APC −4,10%; p<0,05), poliomielite (APC −2,76%; p<0,05) e tríplice viral (APC −2,56%; p<0,05) foram decrescentes no país. Apenas para a CV da vacina contra hepatite B foi identificado comportamento estacionário (APC −4,22%; p>0,05). Nenhum território ou vacina apresentou tendência crescente para cobertura vacinal no período estudado no Brasil. Conclusões: Este estudo alerta sobre a redução expressiva das CV no primeiro ano de vida nos últimos anos no Brasil e sua tendência decrescente, sendo imperativa a adoção de intervenções com o fim de frear o fenômeno em curso e de resgatar níveis aceitáveis de CV no país.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Anemia is a common issue in surgical patients and has been associated with worse clinical outcomes, such as a higher probability of transfusions and longer hospital stay. Therefore, Patient Blood Management programs are actively aiming to achieve early identification and treatment of anemia, previous to the surgery. Methods and materials: In this study, preoperative hemoglobin within the Blood Order Schedule (BOS) at 16 blood centers in several Brazilian regions were retrospectively evaluated. Data regarding hemoglobin, age, gender and Brazilian regions were further analyzed. Results: From the 20,201 BOSs evaluated, the mean age was 55.65 ± 23.52 years old, with an overall prevalence of preoperative anemia of 60.9%. Women had a lower mean preoperative hemoglobin (11.74 ± 2.84 for women and 12.27 ± 3.06 for men) and higher prevalence of anemia than men (66% of females and 52.2% of males). The individuals over 65 years old and under 18 were the most affected by preoperative anemia. All regions had a high prevalence of preoperative anemia, without any direct association with the Human Development Index. Conclusion: In summary, upon evaluating the BOS, our study showed a high prevalence of preoperative anemia in all Brazilian regions, regardless of the gender and age group, but that women and individuals less than 18 or over 65 years old have an even higher prevalence of preoperative anemia. This information can identify the institutions in which preoperative anemia is a critical issue and in which new strategies, such as preoperative screening clinics, might be helpful.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pregnancy-related complications may impact women’s reproductive cycle and health through their lives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric history of women undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a specialized health facility with four hemodialysis units. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and personal history, obstetric and perinatal results of women with pregnancies before hemodialysis were evaluated. Prevalence, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: We included 208 (87.76%) women. Hypertension was the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (128 women). Rates of adverse perinatal outcomes, including prematurity, low birth weight, miscarriage, fetal death, and neonatal death, were 19.3%, 14.5%, 25.5%, 12.1%, and 5.3%, respectively. Hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy occurred in 37.0% of women, with 12.5% reporting preeclampsia and 1.4% reporting eclampsia. Up to 1 year after birth, 45.2% of women reported hypertension. Hemodialysis due to hypertension was associated with a history of hypertension during pregnancy (OR 2.33, CI 1.27 – 4.24), gestational hypertension (2.41, CI 3.30 – 4.45), and hypertension up to one year after birth (OR 1.98, CI 1.11 – 3.51). Logistic regression showed that gestational hypertension was independently associated with CKD due to hypertension (aOR 2.76, CI 1.45 – 5.24). Conclusion: Women undergoing hemodialysis due to hypertension were more likely to have gestational hypertension or hypertension up to one year after birth. To delay end-stage renal disease, it is necessary to identify women at risk of kidney failure according to their reproductive history.

RESUMO Introdução: Complicações relacionadas à gestação podem afetar o ciclo reprodutivo e a saúde das mulheres ao longo de suas vidas. Este estudo visou avaliar histórico sociodemográfico, clínico e obstétrico de mulheres em hemodiálise. Métodos: Realizamos estudo transversal em unidade de saúde especializada com quatro unidades de hemodiálise. Avaliou-se características sociodemográficas, histórico clínico e pessoal, resultados obstétricos e perinatais de mulheres com gestações anteriores à hemodiálise. Foram realizadas análises de prevalência, bivariadas e regressão logística. Resultados: Incluímos 208 (87,76%) mulheres. Hipertensão foi a principal causa de doença renal crônica (DRC) (128 mulheres). Taxas de desfechos perinatais adversos, incluindo prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer, aborto espontâneo, óbito fetal e neonatal, foram de 19,3%, 14,5%, 25,5%, 12,1% e 5,3%, respectivamente. Síndromes hipertensivas durante a gestação ocorreram em 37,0% das mulheres, com 12,5% relatando pré-eclâmpsia e 1,4% relatando eclampsia. Até 1 ano após o parto, 45,2% das mulheres relataram hipertensão. Hemodiálise devido à hipertensão foi associada ao histórico de hipertensão na gestação (OR 2,33; IC 1,27 - 4,24), hipertensão gestacional (2,41; IC 3,30 - 4,45), e hipertensão até um ano após o parto (OR 1,98; IC 1,11 - 3,51). A regressão logística mostrou que hipertensão gestacional foi independentemente associada à DRC devido à hipertensão (ORa 2,76; IC 1,45 - 5,24). Conclusão: Mulheres submetidas à hemodiálise por hipertensão foram mais propensas a apresentar hipertensão gestacional ou hipertensão até um ano após o parto. Para retardar a doença renal em estágio terminal, deve-se identificar mulheres em risco de insuficiência renal de acordo com sua história reprodutiva.

RESUMO Os cupins sem soldados (Blattodea: Isoptera: Apicotermitinae) são um grupo pequeno e taxonomicamente pouco conhecido, principalmente na região neotropical. Neste artigo descrevemos um novo gênero monotípico Caputitermes gen. nov., que possui a junção mesênetero-P1 reta e ausência de segmento misto. A espécie Caputitermes dimorphus sp. nov., se destaca por ter dois tipos de operários. Blattodea (Blattodea Isoptera Apicotermitinae conhecido neotropical gen nov nov. mesêneteroP1 mesêneteroP mesênetero P1 P mesênetero-P misto sp operários

ABSTRACT Soldierless termites (Blattodea: Isoptera: Apicotermitinae) are a small and taxonomically poorly known group, especially in the Neotropical region. In this paper we describe a new monotypic genus Caputitermes gen. nov. with a straight mesenteron-P1 junction, and absence of mixed segment. The species Caputitermes dimorphus sp. nov., which stands out for having two types of workers. Blattodea (Blattodea Isoptera Apicotermitinae group region gen nov mesenteronP1 mesenteronP mesenteron P1 P mesenteron-P junction segment sp workers

RESUMEN: Las proteínas S100 pertenecen al grupo de proteínas fijadoras de calcio y están presentes en actividades reguladoras fisiológicas intracelulares y extracelulares, como la diferenciación celular, y actúan en procesos patológicos inflamatorios y neoplásicos. Recientemente, sus expresiones en el sistema nervioso han sido ampliamente estudiadas, buscando dilucidar su acción a nivel del tálamo: una estructura del sistema nervioso central que forma parte de importantes circuitos, como el somatosensorial, conductual, de memoria y cognitivo, así como además de ser responsable de la transmisión y regulación de la información a la corteza cerebral. Este artículo es una revisión integradora de la literatura científica, que analizó 12 estudios presentes en Pubmed. El análisis mostró que la relación de las proteínas S100 y el tálamo ha sido descrita en procesos neoplásicos, trastornos mentales, hipoxia, trauma, estrés, infección, enfermedad de Parkinson y epilepsia. En resumen, es posible concluir que esta familia de proteínas es relevante como marcador en procesos de lesión talámica, requiriendo más estudios para comprender mejor su significado clínico, preclínico y su valor pronóstico.

SUMMARY: S100 proteins belong group of calcium-binding proteins and are present in physiological intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities, such as cell differentiation, and act in inflammatory and neoplastic pathological processes. Recently, its expressions in the nervous system have been extensively studied, seeking to elucidate its action at the level of the thalamus: A structure of the central nervous system that is part of important circuits, such as somatosensory, behavioral, memory and cognitive, as well as being responsible for the transmission and regulation of information to the cerebral cortex. This article is an integrative review of scientific literature, which analyzed 12 studies present in Pubmed. The analysis showed that the relationship of S100 proteins and the thalamus has been described in neoplastic processes, mental disorders, hypoxia, trauma, stress, infection, Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. In summary, it is possible to conclude that this protein family is relevant as a marker in processes of thalamic injury, requiring further studies to better understand its clinical, preclinical meanings and its prognostic value.

Abstract Objective. To evaluate how the tasks carried out by the students in the scope of the PVC educational citizen science project for monitoring the quality of coastal waters contributed to raising their awareness of the problems of marine litter, in particular, the pollution of the ocean by plastics and microplastics, and the importance of chemistry in society. Methods. The project stage here presented consisted of six asynchronous tasks, conducted with digital mediation through the Moodle platform. The project took place in the 2018/2019 school year and involved 442 students and nine chemistry teachers from a middle school in the northern coastal region of Portugal. Data on the impact on students' awareness of the contexts considered were collected from the outputs the students produced in each task. The data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Discussion. From this analysis emerged indicators of the PVC project's positive contribution to raising students' awareness of the pollution of marine environments by (micro)plastics, as well as raising awareness of the role of chemistry in society. The students expressed positive opinions toward this science and recognized its links with other areas of science and technology. Conclusión. Thus, it was found that citizen science projects significantly promote students' awareness of chemical-environmental subjects by exploring current and relevant contexts.

Resumen Objetivo. Evaluar cómo las tareas desarrolladas por estudiantes dentro del proyecto educativo de ciencia ciudadana PVC para monitorear la calidad de las aguas costeras contribuyeron a la promoción de su conciencia sobre el problema de la basura marina, en particular, la contaminación del océano por plásticos y microplásticos, y la importancia de la química en la sociedad. Metodologia. La etapa del proyecto presentada aquí consistió en un conjunto de seis tareas asincrónicas, realizadas con mediación digital a través de la plataforma Moodle que tuvo lugar en el año escolar 2018/2019 e involucró a 442 estudiantes y nueve docentes de química de la escuela secundaria en la región costera norte de Portugal. Los datos sobre el impacto en la conciencia estudiantil de los contextos discutidos se recolectaron a partir de los registros generados por el estudiantado en cada tarea y se analizaron utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido. Discusión. De este análisis surgieron indicadores de la contribución positiva del proyecto PVC en la sensibilización del estudiantado sobre la contaminación de los entornos marinos por (micro)plásticos, así como en la sensibilización sobre el papel de la química en la sociedad, con estudiantes con opiniones positivas hacia esta ciencia y que reconocen sus conexiones con otras áreas de la ciencia y la tecnología. Conclusión. Se constató que, a través de la exploración de contextos actuales y relevantes, los proyectos de ciencia ciudadana tienen un gran potencial para promover la conciencia estudiantil sobre temas químico-ambientales.

Resumo Objetivo. Avaliar de que modo as tarefas desenvolvidas pelos alunos no âmbito do projeto educacional de ciência cidadã PVC de monitorização da qualidade das águas costeiras contribuíram para a promoção da sua consciencialização para a problemática do lixo marinho, em particular, da poluição do oceano por plásticos e por microplásticos e para a importância da Química na sociedade. Metodologia. A etapa do projeto que aqui se apresenta era constituída por um conjunto de seis tarefas assíncronas, realizadas com mediação digital através da plataforma Moodle que decorreu durante o ano letivo 2018/2019 e envolveu 442 alunos e nove professores do 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico da região norte litoral de Portugal. Dados sobre o impacto na consciencialização dos alunos para os contextos abordados foram recolhidos a partir dos registos elaborados pelos alunos em cada tarefa, e foram, posteriormente, analisados com recurso à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Discussão. Da análise destes resultados emergiram indicadores do contributo positivo do projeto PVC na consciencialização dos alunos para a poluição dos ambientes marinhos por (micro)plásticos bem como na sensibilização para o papel da Química na sociedade, tendo os alunos demonstrado opiniões positivas face a esta ciência e reconhecido as suas inter-relações com outras áreas da ciência e da tecnologia. Conclusão. Constatou-se assim que, através da exploração de contextos atuais e relevantes, que os projetos de ciência cidadã apresentam um grande potencial na promoção da sensibilização dos alunos para as temáticas químico-ambientais.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the morphofunctional regeneration process of facial nerve injury in the presence of insulin-like growth factor-1 and mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: Fourteen Wistar rats suffered unilateral facial nerve crushing and were randomly divided into two groups. All received insulin-like growth factor-1 inoculation, but only half of the animals received an additional inoculation of mesenchymal stem cells. The animals were followed for 90 days and facial nerve regeneration was analyzed via spontaneous facial motor function tests and immunohistochemistry in the nerve motor nucleus. Results: The group that received the growth factor and stem cells showed a statistically superior mean in vibrissae movements (p<0.01), touch reflex (p = 0.05) and eye closure (p<0.01), in addition to better immunohistochemistry reactivity. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean number of cells in the facial nerve nucleus between the experimental groups (p = 0.025), with the group that received the growth factor and stem cells showing the highest mean. Conclusion: The association between growth factor and stem cells potentiates the morphofunctional regeneration of the facial nerve, occurring faster and more effectively. Level of Evidence: 4, degree of recommendation C.

Abstract Drag crisis has been described as a drop in the drag coefficient (Cd). This procedure was lately assessed in able-bodied cyclists in time trial position by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the phenomenon of the drag crisis by computer fluid dynamics in transradial and transtibial amputee cyclists in the upright position. A male elite-level cyclist was recruited for this research. The subject was scanned (3D geometry with a 3D Scan) with his competition bicycle, helmet, suit, and shoes. Consequently, transradial and transtibial 3D models were created editing the able-bodied 3D model. To perform the CFD analyses, a domain measuring 7 x 2.5 x 2.5 m (length, width and height, respectively) was created around each bicycle-cyclist model. The domains were meshed with more than 42 million elements. Numerical simulations by CFD were performed in fluent numerical for speeds between 1 m/s and 13 m/s, with increments of 1 m/s. The total Cd decreased with speed. It ranged from 0.84 to 0.55 in the able-bodied, 0.86 to 0.64 in the transradial and 0.90 to 0.61 in the transtibial. The drag crisis phenomenon was observed between 1m/s and 4m/s in all models.

Abstract The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether total need satisfaction and three separate basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness) predict life skills development in dual-career athletes according to sex, type of sport, type of higher education institution and financial support. Participants included 136 Brazilian university athletes (65 boys and 71 girls) aged 17–23 years. Data collection was conducted via Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale (BNSSS) and the Life Skills Scale for Sport (LSSS). Bayesian multilevel linear regression model found that total need satisfaction and three separate basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness) influenced life skills (teamwork, social skills, leadership, goal setting and communication) and total life skills development in dual-career athletes. Total need satisfaction influenced leadership and total life skills. Competence and relatedness influenced goal seating, social skill, leadership and total life skills. Autonomy might not have a strong correlation with life skills development dimensions standardised scores and total life skills standardised score independent of sex, type of sport, type of higher education institution and financial support. Based on such findings, satisfaction of all three basic needs combined (total need satisfaction) and separate autonomy, competence and relatedness was positively associated with the development of life skills in dual-career athletes.

RESUMO O uso da irrigação desempenha papel fundamental no avanço das fronteiras agrícolas e no aumento da produtividade nas áreas de cultivo, principalmente em ambientes semiáridos que apresentam alta variação espaço-temporal de chuvas. Essa prática é sugerida até mesmo para cultivos adaptados como palma forrageira (Opuntia sp.) e sorgo (Sorghum bicolor). Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a rentabilidade do uso da irrigação no sistema solteiro e sistema consorciado palma-sorgo no semiárido. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 × 3: cinco lâminas de irrigação por gotejamento (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da evapotranspiração de referência - ET0) e três sistemas de cultivo (palma forrageira solteira, sorgo solteiro e consórcio palma-sorgo), com quatro repetições. O tratamento 0% ET0 correspondeu à condição de sequeiro com uma lâmina de 355 mm. Foi conduzido um ciclo de palma e dois de sorgo (planta e rebrota) compreendidos de novembro 2014 a novembro de 2015. Verificou-se que os maiores custos para implantação dos sistemas de cultivo em condições irrigadas se devem à aquisição do sistema de irrigação e insumos, representando 85,3% do custo operacional efetivo. O sistema sorgo solteiro e o sistema palma forrageira-sorgo proporcionaram as maiores produtividades de matéria fresca (62.013,05 e 60.075,36 kg ha-1), respectivamente. Com base em indicadores econômicos, a adoção de lâminas de irrigação (25, 50, 75 e 100% ET0) promoveu lucros para os sistemas (solteiro e consorciado) a partir do segundo ano de implantação.

ABSTRACT Irrigation plays a fundamental role in advancing agricultural frontiers and increasing crop productivity, especially in semi-arid environments, because they exhibit high spatiotemporal rainfall variation. This practice is suggested even for adapted crops, such as forage cactus (Opuntia sp.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and single or intercropping systems. In this study, aimed to evaluate the profitability of using irrigation in a single and intercropping forage cactus-sorghum system in a semi-arid region. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement: five drip irrigation depths (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration - ET0) and three cropping systems (single forage cactus, single sorghum, and intercropping forage cactus-sorghum), with four replicates. The 0% ET0 treatment corresponded to rainfed conditions at a depth of 355 mm. A cycle of forage cactus and two sorghum cultivars (plant and regrowth) was conducted between November 2014 and November 2015. It was verified that the highest costs for implantation of the crop systems in irrigated conditions are due to the acquisition of irrigation and input systems, representing 85.3% of the effective operational cost. The single sorghum and forage cactus-sorghum systems provided the highest fresh matter productivity (62,013.05 and 60,075.36 kg ha-1, respectively). Based on economic indicators, the adoption of irrigation depths (25, 50, 75, and 100% ET0) promoted profits for the systems (single and intercropping) from the second year of implementation.

Abstract Objective: To determine the incidence of MIS-C in Brazil, describe the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the pediatric population affected by MIS-C and compare mortality and lethality outcomes with isolated Covid-19 and MIS-C cases. Methods: Observational and retrospective cohort study of cases of MIS-C associated with Covid-19 in the Brazilian population between 04/01/2020 and 04/17/2021. Data from the Ministry of Health's epidemiological bulletin up to the 15th epidemiological week of 2021, were used. The analyzes were descriptive through absolute and relative frequencies. The significance level is 5% in Stata 16.0 package. Results: Between 04/01/2020 and 04/07/2021, 903 cases of MIS-C associated with Covid-19 were notified in Brazil, of which, the largest part (55.26%) were male, between 0 and 4 years old (45.29%), from the Southeast region (38.76%). The deaths (61; 6.7%) were higher in the female gender, between 0 and 4 years old (47.54%) and in the Southeast region (34.43%). It was identified that the risk of death by MIS-C related to Covid-19 is 5.29 (CI = 2.83; 9.87 and P-value = <0.001) times higher in adolescents from 15-19 years old than in other age groups when compared to 0-4 years old children. Also, the residency in North region was as risk factor to death (RR = 3.72, IC = 1.29; 10.74 e P-value = 0.008). Conclusion: In this study, despite the numbers showing more deaths from zero to 4 years old, the risk for teenagers is notably higher. In addition, Brazil's Northern region is a risk factor that reaffirms social inequality and poor access to health.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Diversos trabalhos têm constatado o crescente interesse e o consumo de canabinoides e cannabis medicinal (CM), sendo o auxílio no manejo da dor crônica uma de suas principais indicações terapêuticas na atualidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar e analisar os resultados das mais recentes pesquisas pré-clínicas e clínicas da aplicação da CM e dos canabinoides para compreensão de sua eficácia analgésica. CONTEÚDO: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura no sistema de busca Pubmed. Pesquisas pré-clínicas têm evidenciado o papel do sistema endocanabinoides nas vias da dor, através da identificação de seus locais de atuação e mecanismos de modulação da dor. Inúmeros estudos clínicos têm mostrado eficácia da CM e dos canabinoides para manejo de diversas síndromes dolorosas. Algumas diretrizes internacionais já incorporaram o uso de CM e canabinoides, mas como tratamento de terceira ou quarta linha e, na maioria dos casos, com poucas recomendações. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da crescente produção de conhecimento científico, os dados atualmente disponíveis ainda carecem de evidências de alta qualidade para definição da eficácia e poder analgésico dos canabinoides. São necessários maiores estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos para que se possa compreender melhor o status dos canabinoides no manejo da dor, assim como gerar evidências de alta qualidade para incluir ou não o uso da CM e dos canabinoides nos guidelines de manejo das diversas síndromes dolorosas.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several studies have shown the growing interest and consumption of cannabinoids and medical cannabis (MC), with management of chronic pain being one of its main therapeutic recommendations. The objective of this study was to review and analyze the results of the most recent preclinical and clinical research on the application of MC and cannabinoids to understand their analgesic efficacy. CONTENTS: A literature review was performed in Pubmed. Preclinical research has shown the role of the endocannabinoid system in pain pathways through the identification of its action sites and pain modulation mechanisms. Numerous clinical studies have endeavored to demonstrate the efficacy of CM and cannabinoids in the management of various pain syndromes. Some international guidelines have already incorporated the use of MC and cannabinoids, but as third or fourth-line treatment and, in most cases, with weak recommendation. CONCLUSION: Despite the growing production of scientific knowledge, the data currently available still lack high-quality evidence to define the efficacy and analgesic potency of cannabinoids. Larger preclinical and clinical research are needed to understand the status of cannabinoids in pain management, as well as to generate high-quality evidence to include or not the use of MC and cannabinoids in guidelines for the management of the various pain syndromes.

RESUMEN Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) siguen siendo la principal causa de muerte en nuestro país. El control adecuado de las alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico es un reto clave en prevención cardiovascular que está lejos de alcanzarse en la práctica clínica real. Existe una gran heterogeneidad en los informes del metabolismo lipídico de los laboratorios clínicos españoles, lo que puede contribuir al mal control del mismo. Por ello, un grupo de trabajo de las principales sociedades científicas implicadas en la atención de los pacientes de riesgo vascular, hemos elaborado este documento con una propuesta básica de consenso sobre la determinación del perfil lipídico básico en prevención cardiovascular, recomendaciones para su realización y unificación de criterios para incorporar los objetivos de control lipídico adecuados al riesgo vascular de los pacientes en los informes de laboratorio.

ABSTRACT Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the main cause of death in Spain. Adequate control of lipid metabolism disorders is a key challenge in cardiovascular prevention that is far from achieved in real clinical practice. There is a major heterogeneity in the reports of lipid metabolism from Spanish clinical laboratories, which may contribute to its poor monitoring. For this reason, a working group of the main scientific societies involved in the care of patients at vascular risk, has drawn up this document with a consensus proposal on the determination of the basic lipid profile in cardiovascular prevention, recommendations for its implementation and combining the criteria to incorporate the lipid monitoring goals suitable for the vascular risk of the patients in the laboratory reports.

RESUMO Introdução: Complicações relacionadas à gestação podem afetar o ciclo reprodutivo e a saúde das mulheres ao longo de suas vidas. Este estudo visou avaliar histórico sociodemográfico, clínico e obstétrico de mulheres em hemodiálise. Métodos: Realizamos estudo transversal em unidade de saúde especializada com quatro unidades de hemodiálise. Avaliou-se características sociodemográficas, histórico clínico e pessoal, resultados obstétricos e perinatais de mulheres com gestações anteriores à hemodiálise. Foram realizadas análises de prevalência, bivariadas e regressão logística. Resultados: Incluímos 208 (87,76%) mulheres. Hipertensão foi a principal causa de doença renal crônica (DRC) (128 mulheres). Taxas de desfechos perinatais adversos, incluindo prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer, aborto espontâneo, óbito fetal e neonatal, foram de 19,3%, 14,5%, 25,5%, 12,1% e 5,3%, respectivamente. Síndromes hipertensivas durante a gestação ocorreram em 37,0% das mulheres, com 12,5% relatando pré-eclâmpsia e 1,4% relatando eclampsia. Até 1 ano após o parto, 45,2% das mulheres relataram hipertensão. Hemodiálise devido à hipertensão foi associada ao histórico de hipertensão na gestação (OR 2,33; IC 1,27 - 4,24), hipertensão gestacional (2,41; IC 3,30 - 4,45), e hipertensão até um ano após o parto (OR 1,98; IC 1,11 - 3,51). A regressão logística mostrou que hipertensão gestacional foi independentemente associada à DRC devido à hipertensão (ORa 2,76; IC 1,45 - 5,24). Conclusão: Mulheres submetidas à hemodiálise por hipertensão foram mais propensas a apresentar hipertensão gestacional ou hipertensão até um ano após o parto. Para retardar a doença renal em estágio terminal, deve-se identificar mulheres em risco de insuficiência renal de acordo com sua história reprodutiva.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pregnancy-related complications may impact women’s reproductive cycle and health through their lives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric history of women undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a specialized health facility with four hemodialysis units. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and personal history, obstetric and perinatal results of women with pregnancies before hemodialysis were evaluated. Prevalence, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: We included 208 (87.76%) women. Hypertension was the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (128 women). Rates of adverse perinatal outcomes, including prematurity, low birth weight, miscarriage, fetal death, and neonatal death, were 19.3%, 14.5%, 25.5%, 12.1%, and 5.3%, respectively. Hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy occurred in 37.0% of women, with 12.5% reporting preeclampsia and 1.4% reporting eclampsia. Up to 1 year after birth, 45.2% of women reported hypertension. Hemodialysis due to hypertension was associated with a history of hypertension during pregnancy (OR 2.33, CI 1.27 – 4.24), gestational hypertension (2.41, CI 3.30 – 4.45), and hypertension up to one year after birth (OR 1.98, CI 1.11 – 3.51). Logistic regression showed that gestational hypertension was independently associated with CKD due to hypertension (aOR 2.76, CI 1.45 – 5.24). Conclusion: Women undergoing hemodialysis due to hypertension were more likely to have gestational hypertension or hypertension up to one year after birth. To delay end-stage renal disease, it is necessary to identify women at risk of kidney failure according to their reproductive history.

RESUMO: Avaliamos em condições de campo a toxicidade de inseticidas previamente identificados como nocivos em bioensaios de laboratório e semicampo sobre o parasitóide Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Os experimentos foram conduzidos durante as safras 2019/20 e 2020/21 em lavouras de arroz. Seguindo as recomendações da International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC), quatro inseticidas foram aplicados em parcelas experimentais de 64 m2. Posteriormente, realizou-se uma liberação inundativa de T. pretiosum. Para verificar as taxas de parasitismo, aos 1, 2, 4 e 6 dias após a liberação (DAR) dos parasitoides, ovos do hospedeiro Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) foram ofertados. Após a determinação do número de ovos parasitados, os dados foram agrupados em um coeficiente de redução (Ex) para fornecer um resultado único para os efeitos dos inseticidas sobre o parasitoide. Tanto para as safras 2019/20 quanto 2020/21, verificou-se que em 2 DAR, ocorreram as maiores taxas de parasitismo. Em contraste, aos 6 DAR, não foram observadas taxas de parasitismo. Lambda-cialotrina, tiametoxam e zeta-cipermetrina foram classificados como moderadamente nocivos; tiametoxam + lambda-cialotrina foi classificado como prejudicial. Seguindo as diretrizes da IOBC, a toxicidade desses produtos em condições de campo é inferior à obtida em laboratório ou semi-campo para o T. pretiosum. Entretanto, esses inseticidas devem ser evitados, ou utilizados em momentos que não coincidam com a liberação ou presença do parasitoide a campo.

ABSTRACT: We evaluated under field conditions the toxicity of insecticides previously identified as harmful in laboratory and semifield bioassays on the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The experiments were conducted during the 2019/20 and 2020/21 harvests in rice fields. Following the recommendations of the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC), four insecticides were applied in 64 m2 experimental plots. Subsequently, T. pretiosum was released inundatively. To verify parasitism rates, at 1, 2, 4 and 6 days after release (DAR) of the parasitoids, eggs from the host Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were offered. After determining the number of parasitized eggs, the data were grouped into a reduction coefficient (Ex) to provide a single result for the effects of the insecticides on parasitoid. For both the 2019/20 and 2020/21 evaluated crops, it was found that at 2 DAR, the highest parasitism rates occurred. In contrast, in 6 DAR, no parasitism rates were observed. Lambda-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam, and zeta-cypermethrin were classified as moderately harmful; thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin was classified as harmful. Following IOBC guidelines, the toxicity of these products under field conditions is lower than that obtained in the laboratory or semi-field for the T. pretiosum. However, these insecticides should be avoided, or used at times that do not coincide with the release or presence of the parasitoid in the field.