ABSTRACT No-till farming is the practice closest to the concept of sustainable agriculture. The minimum soil movement and continuous contribution of crop residues to the farming system reduce erosion, mitigate the greenhouse effect, increase the organic matter content, and improve the physical and chemical quality of the soil. This study aimed to assess the effect of five-year succession cropping on the physical and chemical attributes of oxisol. The crops were sown for five consecutive years in the same plots, using a randomized block design in split plots with four replicates. The plots were crops grown in succession to soybean, namely Congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis syn. Brachiaria ruziziensis), Congo grass intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), maize, and slender leaf rattlebox (Crotalaria ochroleuca). The subplots were the following sampled soil layers: 0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm. The physicochemical attributes of these three soil layers were evaluated. Pearl millet cycled K efficiently, providing the soil with K concentrations equivalent to those of the K fertilization treatments. No single crop or intercrop increased the soil P concentration. Congo grass stood out for its ability to increase the Mg concentration. The 0-5 cm soil layer had the best physicochemical attributes based on the accumulated organic matter.

RESUMO O sistema plantio direto é o sistema que mais se aproxima do conceito de agricultura sustentável. A movimentação mínima do solo e o aporte contínuo de palhada ao sistema, reduz a erosão, contribui para a atenuação do efeito estufa, aumenta o teor de matéria orgânica e melhora a qualidade física e química do solo. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito de cinco anos de sucessão de culturas sobre os atributos físicos e químicos de latossolo vermelho distroférrico. As culturas foram semeadas por cinco anos consecutivos nas mesmas parcelas, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram cultivadas em sucessão à soja, sendo elas: braquiária solteira (Urocloa ruziziensis syn Brachiaria ruziziensis), braquiária consorciada com milho (Zea mays L.), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L.), milho e crotálaria (Crotalaria ochroleuca). Já as subparcelas, foram representadas pelas camadas de solo amostradas: 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm. Foram avaliados os atributos químicos e físicos do solo, nas três camadas mencionadas. O milheto é eficiente na ciclagem de K, proporcionando níveis deste elemento no solo equivalentes aos tratamentos que receberam adubação potássica. Nenhuma cultura isolada ou em consórcio elevou a concentração de P no solo. A braquiária destaca-se pela sua capacidade de elevar as concentrações de Mg. A camada do solo de 0-5 cm possui as melhores condições físico-químicas em função da matéria orgânica acumulada.

RESUMO A salinização reduz o potencial osmótico da solução do solo e promove o acúmulo de íons tóxicos (Na+ e Cl-) nas plantas, causando desequilíbrio nutricional e reduções no rendimento. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar as concentrações foliares de nutrientes, Na+ e rendimento de colmos em cana-de-açúcar RB92579 sob diferentes valores de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação e frações de lixiviação (FL). O experimento foi conduzido em lisímetros de drenagem em esquema fatorial 5 × 2: cinco condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação - CEa (0,5; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 dS m-1) sem fração de lixiviação (FL1 = 0) e com (FL2 = 0,17), com quatro repetições. O aumento da CEa diminuiu as concentrações de N, P, K, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu e Zn, e aumentou as concentrações de Ca, Cl e Na, e reduziu a produção de biomassa em dois ciclos (planta cana e soca). O uso da fração de lixiviação 0,17 mitigou os efeitos deletérios da salinidade nos nutrientes e na produtividade.

ABSTRACT Salinization reduces the osmotic potential of soil solutions and promotes the accumulation of toxic ions (Na+ and Cl-) in plants, causing nutritional imbalance and yield reductions. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate foliar concentrations of nutrients and Na+ and stalk yields in sugarcane RB92579 under different electrical conductivities of irrigation water and leaching fractions (LF). The experiment was conducted in drainage lysimeters in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme with five electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 dS m-1) without (LF1 = 0) or with a leaching fraction (LF2 = 0.17), and four replicates. Increased ECw decreased the concentrations of N, P, K, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn and increased those of Ca, Cl, and Na, reducing the biomass production in two cycles (plant-cane and first ratoon). The use of a leaching fraction of 0.17 mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity on nutrient concentration and yield.

Abstract Pediculosis mainly affects school-age children worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the knowledge of the parents and guardians of children in elementary schools in Niterói, Brazil, regarding pediculosis. Questionnaires were applied to 237 guardians of children at five 1-5 grade municipal schools. The responses were analyzed and correlated with positivity to louse infestation, detected by scalp aspiration. 73.8% of the respondents reported that their child had already been infested with lice. 32.9% presented correct responses about transmission. Incorrect responses were attributed to the air/wind, blood type and the fact that lice jump and fly. 40.1% of the respondents erroneously correlated control over the parasitosis with hygiene. A majority of the participants (58.6%) responded that pediculosis is harmful to health, while a small proportion (20.7%) considered it to be a disease. The prevalence of pediculosis was 19.8% among schoolchildren. Female sex, pruritus on the head and indifference regarding infestation were shown to be risk factors for pediculosis. The lack of perception of pediculosis as a disease may lead to naturalization of this parasitosis. Incorrect responses may add difficulty to implementation of preventive and curative approaches, which highlights the importance of dissemination of correct information about pediculosis.

Abstract Staphylococcus spp. represents the main mastitis agents in ruminants and contaminants of milk due to their expressive capacity to make biofilms. The aims in this study was evaluate evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Mauritia flexuosa L. extracts against Staphylococcus spp. adhered to a stainless steel surface. Two isolates from cows with clinical mastitis were evaluated; one was identified as Staphylococcus aureus, and the other Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Additionally the ATCC 25923 strain, S. aureus from human was evaluated. The chemical profile obtained from gas chromatography revealed the presence of carbohydrates, organic acids, and flavonoids. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of the ethanolic extract (EE) and aqueous extract (AE) were 4.4 and 5.82 mg/mL, respectively. After EE treatment at 4.4 mg/mL for 2.5 min, total removal of mature biofilms grown on stainless steel coupons was observed (reduction by 3.85-4.81 log units). This extract from M. flexuosa shows potential as an effective sanitizer and may represent a natural alternative against Staphylococcus spp.

Resumo Bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus spp. são os principais agentes da mastite em ruminantes e contaminantes do leite devido à expressiva capacidade de formação de biofilmes. Neste estudo o objetivo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de Mauritia flexuosa L. (Buritizeiro) contra Staphylococcus spp. aderidos à superfície de aço inoxidável. Foram avaliados dois isolados de vacas com mastite clínica; o um isolado foi identificado como Staphylococcus aureus e o outro como Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Adicionalmente foi também avaliada a e a cepa S. aureus ATCC 25923 de origem humana. O perfil químico obtido por cromatografia gasosa revelou a presença de carboidratos, ácidos orgânicos e flavonóides. As concentrações bactericidas mínimas do extrato etanólico (EE) e do extrato aquoso (AE) foram 4,4 e 5,82 mg / mL, respectivamente. Após o tratamento com EE a 4,4 mg / mL por 2,5 min, foi observada remoção total de biofilmes maduros cultivados em cupons de aço inoxidável (redução de 3,85-4,81 unidades log). O EE de folhas de M. flexuosa apresenta potencial como um desinfetante eficaz e pode representar uma alternativa natural contra Staphylococcus spp.

Carvacrol (CV) and carvacryl acetate (CVA) are bioactive compounds that have anthelmintic action and the nanoencapsulation may be an alternative to potentialize their efficacy. The aim of this work was to nanoencapsulate CV and CVA using chitosan/gums and evaluate cytotoxicity and the anthelmintic activity. A 24 factorial experimental design was performed to determine the influence of gum type (arabic or chichá), amount of surfactant and the number of layers in the nanoencapsulation degree. CVA and CV presented encapsulation efficiency (EE) optimum values of 90 and 20% (experiments 8 and 9), respectively. The monolayer and bilayer formulations presented maximum size of 479 and 811 nm, respectively. Nanoencapsulated CVA (nCVA) with bilayer coating and higher surfactant levels showed good thermal stability and no toxicity. In vitro kinetics for nCVA with chitosan/chichá gum showed slower release profiles than nCVA with chitosan/gum arabic, with 50% release after 30 and 20 h, respectively. CVA and nCVA at a concentration of 150 µg mL−1 reduced the motility of H. contortus adult nematodes by 100 and 91.7%, respectively. In summary, nCVA chitosan/chichá gum showed high encapsulation efficiency, favorable release rate and anthelmintic activity against H. contortus.

Chemotherapy treatment of leishmaniasis is based on the use of pentavalent antimonials, but these drugs present low efficacy and high toxicity. In the search for new antileishmanial agents, essential oils (EOs) from four Croton species (C. argyrophylloides, C. jacobinensis, C. nepetifolius and C. sincorensis) were evaluated against Leishmania infantum chagasi, L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Spathulenol, β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, 1,8-cineole and methyl eugenol were the major constituents. The evaluation of antioxidant activity by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method showed that all EOs have moderate antioxidant activity. All oils were similarly active against L. i. chagasi, and C. nepetifolius EO showed the best result against L. amazonensis, with median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 9.87 μg mL-1, similar to amphotericin B (IC50 = 7.38 μg mL-1). The oils presented low cytotoxicity in macrophages. The in silico analysis revealed that spathulenol and 1,8-cineole were active against the enzyme Leishmania infantum trypanothione reductase (LiTR), showing excellent interaction energies, making them promising agents for leishmaniasis control.

The use of digital image analysis as an analytical tool is a reality nowadays, and the use of smartphones stands out due to its high accessibility and practicality. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a natural and essential vitamin available as a supplement as a result of its use in preventing and treating several pathologies. This paper reports a simple, fast and low cost method using smartphone image analysis for quantification of AA based on its interfering effect in the enzymatic colorimetric detection of glucose. Commercial vitamin C tablets were used as prediction set for AA quantification, showing very satisfactory results (relative errors < 4%), where no statistical difference at a 95% confidence level was observed between the AA content estimated by the imaging method and the labeled reference values. As advantages, this method does not use expensive reagents neither laborious procedures to carry out the analysis.

A população de plantas e a adubação com micronutrientes influenciam diretamente o comportamento do feijão-caupi(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), e dependem das condições de plantação, das características morfológicas e fisiológicas e da capacidade produtiva das cultivares, resultando, assim, na produção de sementes de alta qualidade. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos de doses de molibdénio e densidades de plantas na produção e qualidade de sementes de feijão-caupi, cultivar BRS Novaera. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, envolvendo quatro doses de molibdénio aplicadas via semente (0, 40, 80 e 120 g.ha-1) e quatro densidades populacionais (100, 160, 220 e 280 mil plantas.ha-1). Após a colheita, determinou-se a produtividade e as sementes foram submetidas às seguintes avaliações: teor de humidade, massa de mil sementes, germinação, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento e massa seca da parte aérea de plântulas. A aplicação de doses de molibdénio via sementes não afetou a produção e a qualidade das sementes da cultivar. Entretanto, o aumento da densidade de plantas por hectare promoveu acréscimos significativos na produtividade e na massa de mil sementes.

The plant population density and fertilization with micronutrients directly influence the cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. performance, depending on the growing conditions, the morphological and physiological characteristics, and productive capacity of the cultivars thus affecting the quality of seeds. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of doses of molybdenum and plant density on the yield and quality of cowpea seeds, cultivar BRS Novaera. Randomized block design with four replications was used, with the treatments being 4 x 4 factorial, involving four molybdenum rates applied to seeds (0, 40, 80 and 120 g.ha-1) and four population densities (100, 160, 220 and 280 thousand plants.ha-1). After harvesting, productivity was determined, and the seeds were submitted to the following evaluations: moisture content, mass of one thousand seeds, germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, length and dry mass of shoot. The application of molybdenum to seeds did not affect production and the quality of the seeds. However, the increase in plant population density led to significant increases in productivity and mass of a thousand seeds.

Resumo O presente estudo avalia a influência da anestesia sobre a fauna parasitária de monogeneas em peixes, sua intensidade e sua viabilidade. Dois experimentos foram realizados: Avaliação de um método anestésico por aspersão eugenol diretamente nas brânquias e avaliação da motilidade das monogeneas e sua viabilidade; e Comparação entre imersão e aspersão diretamente nas brânquias com benzocaína e eugenol, seguido de avaliação sobre a intensidade parasitária. Os resultados sugerem que a aspersão do anestésico não interferiu na motilidade, morfologia, superfície corporal e integridade do parasita, analisadas pelo método de fluorescência. A intensidade de monogenéticos nas brânquias foi menor nos peixes anestesiados pelo método de imersão em comparação com o método de aspersão e o grupo controle. O método de anestesia por aspersão nas brânquias pode ser utilizado em estudos parasitológicos.

Abstract The present study evaluates the influence of anesthesia on the parasitic fauna of monogenea fish parasites, as its intensity and viability. Two experiments were conducted: Evaluation of an anesthetic method by sprinkling eugenol directly on gills and evaluation of monogenea motility and viability; Comparison of immersion and directly sprinkling on the gills with benzocaine and eugenol followed by evaluation on parasite intensity. The results suggest that the anesthetic sprinkling didn’t interfere in the parasite motility, morphology and body surface integrity analyzed by fluorescence method. The monogenean intensity in the gills was lower in fish anesthetized by immersion method compared to the sprinkling method and the control group. This method of anesthesia can be used in parasitological studies.

Resumo O conhecimento local acerca da biodiversidade vem sendo utilizado em pesquisas voltadas ao uso e manejo de recursos naturais aliados à conservação. Entre estes recursos, destaca-se o Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.) devido à sua importância econômica e alimentar para comunidades que vivem no Cerrado. No quilombo de Pontinha, localizado na região central do estado de Minas Gerais, um estudo etnoecológico sobre o Pequi foi desenvolvido, a fim de subsidiar iniciativas de geração de trabalho e renda para esta comunidade. Informações foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante e travessia. Alimentação familiar (97%), produção de sabão (67%), produção de óleo (37%), tratamento medicinal (17%) e comércio (3%) foram os principais usos do Pequi citados pelos comunitários. Abelhas foram os visitantes florais com maior Índice de Saliência (S=0,639). Dentre os frugívoros que se alimentam de frutos não caídos, as aves apresentaram maior Saliência (S=0,359) e os insetos foram os mais importantes frugívoros entre os que utilizam frutos caídos (S=0,574). Brocas, lagartas folívoras e que atacam troncos e raízes foram as pragas mais citadas. Os indivíduos jovens de Pequi são, segundo os entrevistados, os mais afetados pelo fogo devido ao menor porte e por ter a casca menos espessa. O reconhecimento da importância cultural e ecológica do Pequi tem mobilizado a comunidade, que demonstra interesse em fazer dessa espécie uma alternativa de renda.

Abstract Local knowledge of biodiversity has been applied in support of research focused on utilizing and management of natural resources and promotion of conservation. Among these resources, Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.) is important as a source of income and food for communities living in the Cerrado biome. In Pontinha, a “quilombola” community, which is located in the central region of State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, an ethnoecological study about Pequi was conducted to support initiatives for generating income for this community. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and crossing. The most relevant uses of Pequi were family food (97%), soap production (67%), oil production (37%), medical treatments (17%), and trade (3%). Bees were the floral visitors with the highest Salience Index (S=0.639). Among frugivores that feed on unfallen fruits, birds showed a higher Salience (S=0.359) and among frugivores who use fallen fruits insects were the most important (S=0.574). Borers (folivorous caterpillars) that attack trunks and roots were the most common pests cited. According to the respondents, young individuals of Pequi are the most affected by fire due to their smaller size and thinner bark. Recognition of the cultural and ecological importance of Pequi has mobilized the community, which has shown interest in incorporating this species as an alternative source of income.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a correlação entre o conteúdo de fenóis de extratos de 18 plantas medicinais comuns nas Farmácias Vivas com a atividade sequestradora do radical livre DPPH e com a inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase. Maiores conteúdos de fenóis totais foram encontrados nas plantas: Eugenia uniflora, Lippia alba, Lippia microphylla, Mentha x villosa, Ocimum gratissimum e Ocimum selloi. As espécies que apresentaram maior atividade antioxidante, semelhante a quercetina, foram: Spondias mombim, Malphigia glabra, L. alba e Croton zenhtneri,. As plantas Cecropia pachystachia, L. alba, L. microphylla, M. glabra, O. gratissimum e Plectranthus ornatus mostraram maiores halos de inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase. Combinando as duas ações, as plantas mais ativas foram a M. glabra e a L. alba e somente a segunda correlaciona-se diretamente com o maior teor de fenóis totais. Através deste estudo, M. glabra e L. alba foram consideradas as plantas mais promissoras para estudos subsequentes a fim de encontrar novos compostos com ação potencial contra a doença de Alzheimer.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phenolic content of 18 medicinal plant extracts of "Live Pharmacies" and correlate them with their free radical scavenging activity and inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Higher amounts of phenolic compounds were found in the following plants: Eugenia uniflora, Lippia alba, Lippia microphylla, Mentha x villosa, Ocimum gatissimum, and Ocimum selloi. The species that showed higher anti-radical activity were Croton zenhtneri, Lippia alba, Malphigia glabra, and Spondias mombim, similar to quercetin. The plants Cecropia pachystachia, L. alba, L. microplylla, M. glabra, O. gratissimum, and Plectranthus ornatus showed larger inhibition zones of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. By correlating the two actions L. alba and M. glabra are common as more active to both tests and only L. alba correlates directly with the phenolic content. Through this study, L. alba and M. glabra are considered the most promising plants for further studies to find new compounds with potential action against Alzheimer's disease.

We used a cultivation-independent, clone library-based 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis to identify bacterial communities present during traditional fermentation in sour cassava starch, cachaça and cheese production in Brazil. Partial 16S rRNA gene clone sequences from sour cassava starch samples collected on day five of the fermentation process indicated that Leuconostoc citreum was the most prevalent species, representing 47.6% of the clones. After 27 days of fermentation, clones (GenBank accession numbers GQ999786 and GQ999788) related to unculturable bacteria were the most prevalent, representing 43.8% of the clones from the bacterial community analyzed. The clone represented by the sequence GQ999786 was the most prevalent at the end of the fermentation period. The majority of clones obtained from cachaça samples during the fermentation of sugar cane juice were from the genus Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus nagelli was the most prevalent at the beginning of the fermentation process, representing 76.9% of the clones analyzed. After 21 days, Lactobacillus harbinensis was the most prevalent species, representing 75% of the total clones. At the end of the fermentation period, Lactobacillus buchneri was the most prevalent species, representing 57.9% of the total clones. In the Minas cheese samples, Lactococcus lactis was the most prevalent species after seven days of ripening. After 60 days of ripening, Streptococcus salivarius was the most prevalent species. Our data show that these three fermentation processes are conducted by a succession of bacterial species, of which lactic acid bacteria are the most prevalent.

Antioxidantes são compostos que atuam inibindo e/ou diminuindo os efeitos desencadeados pelos radicais livres e compostos oxidantes. Os chás são bebidas populares e fontes significativas de compostos fenólicos, sendo considerados importantes integrantes das dietas devido às suas propriedades antioxidantes. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação antioxidante de uma variedade de chás e condimentos mais consumidos no Brasil. Os chás analisados foram das plantas: Pneumus boldus Mold., Matricaria recutita L., Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC, Camelia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze (fermentado), Camelia sinensis (não-fermentado), Lippia alba N.E. Brown,Mentha arvensis L., e Pyrus malus L. Os condimentos analisados foram: Eugenia aromatica Baill, Cinnamonum zeylanicum Blume, Laurus nobilis L. e Origanum vulgare L. O método utilizado para avaliar a ação antioxidante foi o da atividade seqüestradora de radicais livres DPPH em solução metanólica. Todas as amostras analisadas demonstraram atividade em suas diferentes concentrações. Camelia sinensis (não-fermentada) foi a mais ativa com CI50= 0,14 mg/mL, cujos principais compostos antioxidantes são epigalocatequinas. Os condimentos mais ativos foram Cinnamonum zeylanicum (CI50 = 0,37 mg/mL), Eugenia aromatica Baill (CI50 = 0,46 mg/mL) e Laurus nobilis (CI50 = 0,76 mg/mL), cujo principal antioxidante relatado foi o eugenol.

Antioxidants are compounds that remove free-radicals or minimize their availability to generate oxidative stress. Teas are popular beverages providing a significant source of phenolic compounds, important components of the human diet due to their antioxidant properties. The present work had the objective of evaluate the antioxidant action of teas and seasonings more consumed in Brazil. The analysed teas were from the plants: Pneumus boldus Mold., Matricaria recutita L., Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC, Camelia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze (fermented), Camelia sinensis (not-fermented), Lippia alba N.E. Brown, Mentha arvensis L. and Pyrus malus L. The studied seasonings were: Eugenia aromatica Baill, Cinnamonum zeylanicum Blume, Laurus nobilis L. and Origanum vulgare L. The antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH free radical scavenging method. All analysed samples demonstrated antioxidant activities. Camelia sinensis (not-fermented) (IC50= 0.14 mg/mL), was the most active and active principles are epicalocatechins. The stronger antioxidant seasonings were Cinnamonum zeylanicum (IC50 = 0.37 mg/mL), Eugenia aromatica Baill (IC50= 0.46 mg/ mL and Laurus nobilis (IC50 = 0.76 mg/mL), which presented as main antioxidant component eugenol.

Neste trabalho se utilizaram dados experimentais obtidos na UFLA, no período de março a julho de 2004, com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade de grãos e de óleo além de outras características agronômicas de dois genótipos de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.): H250 e H251, no período de entressafra; esses dados provieram de quatro experimentos conduzidos com tratamentos de lâminas de água referentes à reposição pela irrigação por gotejamento, de 0 (L0), 75 (L1), 100 (L2) e 130% (L3) da evapotranspiração estimada para a cultura correspondendo, respectivamente, às lâminas de água de 117,20, 350,84, 428,70 e 522,14 mm. A produtividade de grãos e de óleo, a altura das plantas e o diâmetro dos capítulos, aumentaram em função do aumento das lâminas de água, enquanto as cultivares utilizadas indicaram diferenças em relação aos fatores produtividade de óleo, peso de 1000 aquênios e altura de plantas. Notou-se eficiência técnica na produção, mesmo sem irrigação, com produtividade média de 1924,27 kg ha-1 e, na condição irrigada, notaram-se aumentos significativos, chegando aos 2863,12 kg ha-1 para a lâmina de 522,14 mm (130% Etc) aplicada no ciclo da cultura. Os genótipos podem ser utilizados na entressafra, em Lavras, como opção na rotação de culturas.

In this study the experimental data obtained in the period from March to July of 2004 in the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) were used, with the objective of evaluating the productivity of grains and of oil and other agronomic characteristics of two sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L.) (H250 and H251), irrigated in the late summer growth period. The experiment was carried out with four treatments of drip irrigation water depths of 0 (L0), 75 (L1), 100 (L2) and 130% (L3) of the evapotranspiration estimated for the crop, corresponding, respectively, to the water depths of 117.20, 350.84, 428.70 and 522.14 mm. The productivity of grains and of oil, the height of sunflower plants and the capitulum diameter increased with water depth. The used cultivars presented differences of oil productivity, weight of 1000 achene's and plants height. There was an technical efficiency in production, even without irrigation, with average productivity of 1924.27 kg ha-1 and, in irrigated condition, there was increase of this productivity reaching the 2863.12 kg ha-1 for water depth of 522.14 mm (130% ETc) applied in the crop cycle. The analyzed genotypes can be used during the summer cycle, in Lavras, as an option in the crop rotation.

Avaliou-se a resposta do feijão-vagem cultivar Macarrão Trepador a doses de P2O5 em um trabalho em Neossolo Regolítico Psamítico Típico, na UFPB, em Areia, entre maio e setembro/2002. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos (0; 100; 200; 300 e 400 kg ha-1 de P2O5), em quatro repetições. A parcela constou de 60 plantas, no espaçamento de 1,0 m x 0,20 m. O número máximo de 22 vagens por planta foi alcançado com a dose de 267 kg ha-1 de P2 O5. A dose de 252 kg ha-1 de P2O5 proporcionou a produção máxima estimada de vagens (30,13 t ha-1). Entretanto, a dose mais econômica foi alcançada com 231 kg ha-1 de P2O5, que produziu 30 t ha-1 de vagens. As doses de P2O5, com as quais obtiveram-se a máxima produção e retorno econômico quanto a produção de vagem, se correlacionam, respectivamente, com 54 e 51 mg dm-3 de P disponível no solo, obtido pelo extrator de Mehlich 1. A probabilidade para ocorrência de resposta do feijão-vagem à adubação fosfatada em solos semelhantes ao do presente estudo será minimizada quando o teor de P disponível for superior a 51 mg dm-3. Verificou-se função linear decrescente para o teor de fibra, com redução de 0,0004% de fibra para cada kg de P2O5 aplicado, com valor máximo (1,1%) e mínimo (0,94%) nas doses zero e 400 kg ha-1 de P2O5, respectivamente. Para o solo em estudo a dose de 231 kg ha-1 de P2O5, deve ser recomendada para a fertilização do feijão-vagem.

This research was carried out to evaluate the responses of snap bean 'Macarrão Trepador' cultivated under different P2O5 levels. An experiment was carried out using a randomized blocks design with four replications in a soil classified as Neossolo Regolítico Typical Psamítico, in Areia, Paraiba State, Brazil, from May to September/2002. The P2O5 levels applied were 0; 100; 200; 300 and 400 kg ha-1. The plot consisted of 60 plants, with spacings of 1.00 m x 0.20 m. The maximum number of pods in a plant (22 pods) was obtained using 267 kg ha-1 of P2O5 level. The maximum estimated value of the production of pods (30.13 t ha-1) was obtained at the level of 252 kg ha-1 of P2O5. However, the most economic level was reached with 231 kg ha-1 of P2O5, which produced 30 t ha-1 of pods. The P2O5 levels resulting in the maximum production and economic return of pods were correlated respectively, with 54 and 51 mg dm-3 of available P obtained with Melich 1, extractor. The probability of response of the snap bean to the phosphate fertilization in similar soils will be minimized if the level of available P in the soil was superior to 51 mg dm-3. A decreasing linear function was verified for the fiber content, with reduction of 0.0004% of fiber for each kg of P2O5, applied to the soil, with maximum value (1.1%) and minimum (0.94%) under the levels zero and 400 kg ha-1 of P2O5, respectively. For the type of soil utilized in the present study, the application of 231 kg ha-1 of P2O5 is recommended for the fertilization of snap beans.