Resumo Barragens são umas das principais ameaças para peixes potamódromos Neotropicais, causando bloqueios de rotas migratórias e perdas de áreas de reprodução em um número crescente de sistemas de drenagem. Neste cenário, dados atuais defendem que a manutenção de tributários de fluxo livre em bacias hidrográficas fragmentadas seria uma importante estratégia na conservação de peixes migradores, tanto em situações de panmixia quanto em cenários com diferentes estoques coexistindo, tal como já relatado para Prochilodus lineatus. Este estudo analisou locos microssatélites e haplótipos mitocondriais em amostras de P. lineatus obtidas em diferentes anos ao longo da bacia do rio das Cinzas, no reservatório de Capivara (maior reservatório na calha principal do rio Paranapanema, alto rio Paraná) e no rio Tibagi, todos conectados por trechos livres, visando investigar as contribuições da bacia do rio das Cinzas na dinâmica populacional de peixes migradores na região do reservatório de Capivara. Ambos os marcadores detectaram altos níveis de diversidade genética e indicaram diferentes estoques de P. lineatus ao longo da bacia do rio das Cinzas, sugerindo alguma estruturação genética temporal, bem como a mistura destes estoques na amostra do reservatório de Capivara e de outros pontos, corroborando as relações de estoques neste reservatório e seus tributários. Neotropicais drenagem cenário coexistindo P maior Paranapanema Paraná Tibagi livres temporal pontos

Abstract Dams are one of the main threats to Neotropical potamodromous fish, causing blockages of migratory routes and loss of breeding areas in an increasing number of drainage systems. In this scenario, current data argue that the maintenance of free-flowing tributaries along fragmented watersheds would be an important strategy to the migratory fish conservation, both in panmixia situations and in scenarios with different coexisting stocks, as already reported for Prochilodus lineatus. This study analyzed microsatellite loci and mitochondrial haplotypes in samples of P. lineatus obtained in different years along the Cinzas River basin, as well as in the Capivara Reservoir (largest Reservoir in the Paranapanema main channel, upper Paraná River) and in the Tibagi River, all connected by free stretches, aiming to investigate the contributions of the Cinzas River basin to the population dynamics of migratory fish in the Capivara reservoir region. Both markers detected high genetic diversity levels and indicated different genetic stocks of P. lineatus along the Cinzas River basin, suggesting some temporal genetic structuring, as well as the mixture of these stocks in the sample from the Capivara reservoir and from other points, corroborating the relationships among stocks in this reservoir and its tributaries. systems scenario freeflowing flowing conservation P largest channel stretches region structuring points

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of alkaline treatments with urea, NaOH and Ca(OH)2 on chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradability of dry matter, crud protein and neutral detergent fiber of sugarcane tip hay. Samples were incubated in the rumen of three cannulated cattle for up to 72 hours in a split plot randomized block design. Ammoniation with 6% urea increased (p<0.05) the crude protein content by 13% and reduced the neutral detergent fiber and insoluble nitrogen content of the hay. When treated with the highest doses of the compounds, there was a high potential degradability of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, and a shorter neutral detergent fiber lag time. Ammoniation with urea promotes a reduction in the content of NDF, hemicellulose and insoluble nitrogen, with an increase in the content of CP in the hay, with emphasis for the level of 6% urea. The ruminal degradation of sugarcane tip hay increases with alkaline treatments using 6% urea or 3% NaOH, however, ammoniation with urea is indicated for the treatment of hay, as this is low cost and can be easily adopted by farmers in the semiarid region.

Abstract We present here the genome sequence of Shewanella corallii strain A687 isolated from pufferfish Sphoeroides spengleri (Family Tetraodontidae). The assembly consists of 5,215,037 bp and contains 284 contigs, with a G+C content of 50.3%.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the energetic potential achieved by the application of phyto-regulators to sweet sorghum cultivars. A randomized complete block design was used. Experiments were conducted using two sweet sorghum cultivars (BRS 508 and BRS 509), fourphyto-regulators (ethephon, ethyl-trinexapac, glyphosate, and sulfometuron-methyl), and a control; four replicates were performed 70 days after sowing, at the beginning of the flowering phase of the plants, with the aid of a CO2-pressurized coastal sprayer. The plants were harvested after 40 days, with the stems being cleared at the height of the apical bud, and were subjected to grinding for the extraction of broth. The following analyses were carried out: chemical (total extractives, lignin, and holocellulose contents), proximate (volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash contents), and energetic (higher heating value). Multiple comparison (Tukey) and linear correlation (Pearson) analyses were carried out at a 5% significance level. The phyto-regulators positively and significantly influenced the chemical attributes and contents of lignin and fixed carbon. It was concluded that glyphosate, sulfometuron-methyl, and ethephon enhanced the biomass/bioenergy potential of sweet sorghum cultivars.

When aiming to use the strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr for the traceability and authentication of wine, it is crucial to understand the impacts of anthropogenic factors and technological processes on this parameter. A study was developed to evaluate the effect of nanofiltration (NF), a membrane process with several applications in oenology, on the isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr of wine, testing its robustness as geographical tracer. NF assays, for dealcoholisation, were carried out at laboratory scale with model solutions and white and red wines from Portuguese DO. High rejections to strontium (97%) and tartaric acid (> 70%) and low rejection to ethanol (< 10%) at 15 bar were observed in model solutions. Wines and NF-processed wines (17 bar; 2.1 L/min) were evaluated for physicochemical composition (including phenolic composition, chromatic characteristics and polysaccharides), multi-elemental composition and 87Sr/86Sr ratio by Q-ICP-MS. The preferential membrane permeation of ethanol was associated with a slight increase in the quality parameters of the wine (anthocyanins and polysaccharides). High rejections to mineral elements, including heavy metals, were observed. Rejection to Sr was mostly higher than 95%. No significant differences in the 87Sr/86Sr of wines and corresponding permeate fractions were observed, suggesting that NF does not preclude the use of this parameter for wine traceability purposes.

ABSTRACT Background Sarcopenic obesity is associated with disability in older people, especially in women. Resistance exercises are recommended for this population, but their efficacy is not clear. Objective To evaluate the effects of a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component on the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity. Method Twenty-eight women 65 to 80 years old, with a body mass index ≥30kg/m2 and handgrip strength ≤21kg were randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group underwent a 10-week resistance exercise program designed to improve strength, power, and endurance of lower-limb muscles, with open chain and closed chain exercises. The control group had their health status monitored through telephone calls. The primary outcomes were lower limb muscle performance measured by knee extensor strength, power and fatigue by isokinetic dynamometry, and mobility measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery and by gait velocity. The secondary outcome was health-related quality of life assessed by the SF-36 Questionnaire. Results The average rate of adherence was 85%, with few mild adverse effects. There were no significant between-group differences for any of the outcomes. Conclusion In this study, a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component was not effective for improving the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity.

RESUMO Síndrome pós-polio (SPP) é uma condição que afeta sobreviventes da poliomielite aguda (PAA), anos após a recuperação de um ataque agudo inicial do vírus. Na maioria das vezes, os sobreviventes da polio começam a apresentar nova paresia gradual nos músculos que foram previamente afetados pela infecção. A incidência real de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) em indivíduos que sofrem de SPP não é conhecida. Entretanto, há indícios para suspeitar de que sujeitos com SPP podem estar em maior risco. Método Realizou-se uma busca de artigos nas bases de dados: Bireme, Scielo e Pubmed, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: síndrome pós-poliomielite, função cardiorrespiratória e reabilitação, nos idiomas Inglês, Francês e Espanhol. Embora tenhamos selecionado um número expressivo de artigos, somente foram considerados os duplo-cegos, randomizados-controlados, além de consensos. Resultados e Discussão Certas características da SPP, tais como fadiga muscular, paresia, dor muscular e/ou articulares podem resultar em descondicionamento por inatividade física, além de obesidade e dislipidemia. Dificuldades respiratórias são comuns e podem resultar em hipoxemia. Conclusão Somente quando avaliados e tratados em tempo hábil, alguns pacientes são capazes de obter os benefícios do uso dos músculos respiratórios auxiliares em termos de qualidade de vida.

ABSTRACT Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors years after recovery from an initial acute attack of the poliomyelitis virus. Most often, polio survivors experience a gradual new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. The actual incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in individuals suffering from PPS is not known. However, there is a reason to suspect that individuals with PPS might be at increased risk. Method A search for papers was made in the databases Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed with the following keywords: post polio syndrome, cardiorespiratory and rehabilitation in English, French and Spanish languages. Although we targeted only seek current studies on the topic in question, only the relevant (double-blind, randomized-controlled and consensus articles) were considered. Results and Discussion Certain features of PPS such as generalized fatigue, generalized and specific muscle weakness, joint and/or muscle pain may result in physical inactivity deconditioning obesity and dyslipidemia. Respiratory difficulties are common and may result in hypoxemia. Conclusion Only when evaluated and treated promptly, somE patients can obtain the full benefits of the use of respiratory muscles aids as far as quality of life is concerned.

RESUMO: Doenças causadas por protozoários do gênero Sarcocystispodem causar sérios prejuízos em rebanhos de ovinos, por induzirem retardo no crescimento e condenação parcial ou total das carcaças em abatedouro. O presente trabalho descreve a infecção natural por Sarcocystis giganteaem ovinos abatidos em uma propriedade rural no Rio grande do Sul. Entre julho e setembro de 2013, três ovinos apresentaram múltiplos nódulos no esôfago, os quais, microscopicamente, corresponderam a cistos circundados por cápsula rugosa, repletos de estruturas alongadas, basofílicas e nucleadas, morfologicamente compatíveis com bradizoítos de S. gigantea.Os dados epidemiológicos unidos aos achados macroscópicos e microscópicos permitiram o diagnóstico conclusivo. Esse foi o primeiro relato dessa infecção no Rio Grande Sul e deve ser reconhecida por veterinários de campo e especialmente no momento da inspeção das carcaças no abatedouro.

ABSTRACT: Protozoal diseases caused by species of Sarcocystiscan cause serious damage in sheep flocks, inducing decreased growth conversion rates and partial or complete loss of carcasses at the slaughterhouse. This article describes an outbreak of Sarcocystis giganteainfection in sheep slaughtered in a farm in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Between July and September 2013, three sheep showed multiple nodules in the esophagus that were microscopically characterized as encapsulated cysts filled with elongated, basophilic, nucleated structures morphologically consistent with S. giganteabradyzoites. Diagnosis was made based on the epidemiological, macroscopic, and microscopic findings. This is the first report of this infection in sheep in Rio Grande do Sul and should be recognized by veterinarians, especially during meat inspection.

ABSTRACT Background Gait is an extremely complex motor task; therefore, gait data should encompass as many gait parameters as possible. Objective To provide reference values for gait measurements obtained from a Brazilian group of community-dwelling elderly females between the ages of 65 and 89 years and to apply the PCA-biplot to yield insight into different walking strategies that might occur during the aging process. Method 305 elderly community-dwelling females living in Brazil were stratified into four age groups: 65-69 years (N=103); 70-74 years (N=95); 75-79 years (N=77); and ≥80 years (N=30). Age, height, and BMI were assessed to describe the characteristics of the groups. Gait spatiotemporal and variability data were obtained using the GAITRite® system. Principal component analysis, followed by MANOVA and the PCA-biplot approach were used to analyze the data. Results 95% CI showed that only three components – rhythm, variability, and support - together explained 74.2% of the total variance in gait that were different among the groups. The older groups (75-79 and ≥80 years) walked with lower than average velocity, cadence, and step length and were above average for the variables stance, step, swing, and double support time and the ≥80 year old group presented the highest gait variability compared to the other groups. Conclusion Aging is associated with decreased gait velocity and cadence and increased stance, step time, and variability, but not associated with changes in base of support. In addition, the PCA-biplot indicates a decline towards decreased rhythm and increased variability with aging.

Abstract In the pursuit of sustainable agriculture, bioinoculants usage as providers of a crop's needs is a method to limit environmental damage. In this study, a collection of cultivable putative plant growth promoting (PGP) bacteria associated with wheat crops was obtained and this bacterial sample was characterized in relation to the functional diversity of certain PGP features. The isolates were obtained through classical cultivation methods, identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and characterized for PGP traits of interest. Functional diversity characterization was performed using Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CatPCA) and Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). The most abundant genera found among the 346 isolates were Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Enterobacter. Occurrence of PGP traits was affected by genus, niche, and sampling site. A large number of genera grouped together with the ability to produce indolic compounds; phosphate solubilization and siderophores production formed a second group related to fewer genera, in which the genus Burkholderia has a great importance. The results obtained may help future studies aiming prospection of putative plant growth promoting bacteria regarding the desired organism and PGP trait.

<p>Phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. stems led to the isolation of the new biflavanone (2R*,3R*,2''R*,3''R*)-7-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-flavanone- (3→3'')-3''',7''-dihydroxy-4'''-methoxy-flavanone and 4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone-(3→O→4'')- 2''',4'''-dihydroxychalcone, whereas methyl gallate, gallic acid, (6R,9R)-megastigma-4-en-3-one- 9-O-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside and tricetin-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were isolated from the MeOH extract of leaves. Their chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and comparison with the literature data. Both biflavonoids showed weak inhibition activities of acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes when compared with eserine.</p>

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influences of variables of preparation on total flavonoids content from extractive solution of Lippia sidoides Cham., Verbenaceae. Thus a 23 factorial design was used to study the importance of plant proportion, the extraction method and solvent on the extraction of flavonoid. The methodology of determination of chemicals in factorial design was validated according to the parameters required by Brazilian Health Agency. The extraction solution was selected through a full factorial design where the best conditions to achieve the highest content of flavonoids were: 7.5% (w/v) of plant with ethanol 50% (v/v) as solvent. The polyphenols content was determined by LC method and its relationship with the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities was evaluated. The free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant potentials were determined for different concentrations using various in vitro models. Our results indicate that extracts exhibited a significant dose-dependent antioxidant effect as evaluated by TRAP/TAR assays. Besides, we observed an antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide, and protection against lipid peroxidation in vitro. Our results suggest that the extract presents significant in vitro antioxidant potential indicating promising perspectives for its use as pharmaceutical/or food additive.

BACKGROUND: Falling is a common but devastating and costly problem of aging. There is no consensus in the literature on whether the spatial and temporal gait parameters could identify elderly people at risk of recurrent falls. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether spatiotemporal gait parameters could predict recurrent falls in elderly women. METHOD: One hundred and forty-eight elderly women (65-85 years) participated in this study. Seven spatiotemporal gait parameters were collected with the GAITRite(r) system. Falls were recorded prospectively during 12 months through biweekly phone contacts. Elderly women who reported two or more falls throughout the follow-up period were considered as recurrent fallers. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis followed by biplot graph interpretation were applied to the gait parameters. RESULTS: After 12 months, 23 elderly women fell twice or more and comprised the recurrent fallers group and 110 with one or no falls comprised the non-recurrent fallers group. PCA resulted in three components that explained 88.3% of data variance. Discriminant analysis showed that none of the components could significantly discriminate the groups. However, visual inspection of the biplot showed a trend towards group separation in relation to gait velocity and stance time. PC1 represented gait rhythm and showed that recurrent fallers tend to walk with lower velocity and cadence and increased stance time in relation to non-recurrent fallers. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed spatiotemporal gait parameters failed to predict recurrent falls in this sample. The PCA-biplot technique highlighted important trends or red flags that should be considered when evaluating recurrent falls in elderly females.

Supõe-se que insetos galhadores de hábito sugador causam menos alterações nos tecidos vegetais, já que eles usualmente não necessitam de um tecido nutritivo diferenciado para sua alimentação. Essa premissa foi examinada pelo uso da histometria, citometria e comparação do desenvolvimento de folhas não galhadas e galhas de Calophya duvauae (Scott) (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) em Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae). As galhas demonstraram alterações nos tipos celulares durante a diferenciação tecidual. C. duvauae causou mudanças nos sistemas de revestimento, fundamental e vascular das folhas de S. polygamus. A atividade alimentar induziu a homogeneização do parênquima, a neoformação dos tecidos vasculares e tricomas. Os dados histométricos revelaram efeitos compensatórios de hiperplasia e hipertrofia celular na epiderme, predominando a hiperplasia na epiderme adaxial. Houve um balanço entre esses processos nos demais tecidos. Assim, obtivemos diferenças expressivas entre as trajetórias de desenvolvimento das folhas com e sem galhas. Essas alterações foram associadas a alterações fenotípicas relacionadas à provisão de abrigo e microambiente adequado ao galhador. A não diferenciação de um tecido nutritivo típico neste caso foi comparada com sistemas de galhas induzidas por outros artrópodes, sendo sugerido como uma convergência associada ao aparato alimentar perfurador do agente indutor.

Galling sap-feeding insects are presumed to cause only minor changes in host plant tissues, because they usually do not require development of nutritive tissues for their own use. This premise was examined through comparison of the histometry, cytometry and anatomical development of non-galled leaves and galls of Calophya duvauae (Scott) (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) on Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae). Cell fates changed from non-galled leaves to galls during the course of tissue differentiation. C. duvauae caused changes in dermal, ground, and vascular systems of the leaves of S. polygamus. Its feeding activity induced the homogenization of the parenchyma, and the neoformation of vascular bundles and trichomes. The histometric and cytometric data revealed compensatory effects of hyperplasia and cell hypertrophy in the epidermis, with hyperplasia predominating in the adaxial epidermis. There was a balance between these processes in the other tissues. Thus, we found major differences between the developmental pathways of non-galled leaves and galls. These changes were associated with phenotypic alterations related to shelter and appropriate microenvironmental conditions for the gall inducer. The nondifferentiation of a typical nutritive tissue in this case was compared to other non-phylogenetically related arthropod gall systems, and is suggested to result from convergence associated with the piercing feeding apparatus of the corresponding gall-inducer.

Citral (CIT), which contains the chiral enantiomers, neral (cis) and geranial (trans), is the majority monoterpene from Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus. The present study aimed to evaluate CIT for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in rodents. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects were studied by measuring nociception through acetic acid and formalin tests, while inflammation was verified by inducing peritonitis and paw edema with carrageenan. All tested doses of CIT had significant protection (p<0.001) against acetic acid (0.8%) induced nociceptive behavior and the effects were also similar to morphine while formalin induced nociception was significantly protected (p<0.05) only at higher dose (200 mg/kg) of CIT in the first phase of the test. CIT significantly reduce (p<0.001) nociceptive behavior emanating from inflammation in second phase at all the doses.The pretreatment with CIT (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the paw edema induced by carrageenan. Moreover, systemic treatment with CIT (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced (p<0.001) the leukocyte migration in the carrageenan-induced migration to the peritoneal cavity. Our investigation shows that CIT possess significant central and peripheral antinociceptive effects. It was also verified an anti-inflammatory activity. All together these results suggest that CIT might represent important tool for treatment of painful conditions.