Pesquisa | SciELO

This work describes a green synthesis, the characterization, and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs suspension was synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus grandis, which presented a characteristic band at 407 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The AgNPs presented a spherical shape and size of 9.7 ± 0.3 nm. The nanoparticles were stable over a month, indicating that E. grandis’ extract is suitable for their preparation and stabilization. The X-ray analysis showed that the crystallinity of AgNPs corresponded to the centered face phase of silver. The antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of AgNPs were evaluated. The AgNPs presented antibacterial activity on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli at 53.9 µg mL-1. The leishmanicidal activity evaluation against promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis showed that the biological response is dependent on the volume of AgNP suspension. It was demonstrated that L. infantum was more sensitive to the nanoparticle’s treatment than L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. The treatment of L infantum promastigotes with 150 µL of AgNP suspension reduced parasite growth by 67.9%, a result which was similar to the treatment with 1 (66.7%) or 2 µL (70.6%) of amphotericin B used as a positive control.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220126

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Supl. 3 elocation e23022

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

SÍNTESE, CARACTERIZAÇÃO E APLICAÇÃO DE Ca-MOFs NA REMOÇÃO DO AZUL DE METILENO POR ADSORÇÃO
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Silva Junior, Olímpio J.

; Moreira, Camilla. V. C.

; Monteiro, Arthur. F. F.

; Melo, Victor. E. R.

; Oliveira, João. B. L.

; Kulesza, Joanna E.

; Barros, Bráulio S.

Química Nova

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Mai 2022, Volume 45 Nº 5 Páginas 507 - 517

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on Calcium-terephthalate(Ca-MOFs) were synthesized by the sonochemical method and applied to remove methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution via adsorption. The samples were prepared and characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (PXRD), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Thermal Analysis (TGA-DTA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The studied of the effect of the synthesis temperature on the crystallization of MOFs indicated two different crystal structures were identified, Ca(BDC) and Ca(BDC)(H2O)3. Observed that samples with a higher proportion of the Ca(BDC) phase showed greater dye adsorption capacity. The experimental data fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms, and the isotherm constants were also determined. The adsorption equilibrium data preferably fit the Freundlich model. The samples were applied to methylene blue adsorption at pH 5.6, with maximum adsorption of 60.241 μmol.g-1 and high reuse efficiency, reaching 97% of the initial adsorption capacity in the second reuse cycle.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170852

ESTUDO DO PERFIL QUÍMICO DE CERVEJAS BRASILEIRAS: UMA AVALIAÇÃO ENTRE AS BEBIDAS ARTESANAIS E INDUSTRIAIS
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Coelho Neto, Dorval M.

; Moreira, Laysa L. P. F.

; Castro, Eustáquio V. R. de

; Souza, Warley B.

; Filgueiras, Paulo R.

; Romão, Wanderson

; Folli, Gabriely S.

; Lacerda Jr., Valdemar

Química Nova

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Mai 2022, Volume 45 Nº 5 Páginas 518 - 530

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Beer is commonly produced with four inputs: water, malt, hops, yeast and, in some cases, brewing adjuncts. Industrial and artisanal processes essentially follow the same steps and may undergo minor changes due to the style of beer. Despite this, many consumers attribute higher quality to craft beer compared to industrial ones. In this study, we applied the analytical techniques of infrared (IR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and mass spectrometry (ESI(±)FT-ICR MS) to discriminate craft beers from industrial ones (brands common to the Brazilian market). In addition, Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Support Vector Machine (SVR) regression were used to estimate some beer properties (pH, total acidity (meq·L-1, color (EBC), bitterness (IBU), alcohol content (%v/v) and density (g·mL-1)). The use of the IR allowed the identification of vibrations attributed to chemical compounds common to beverages, such as water (3320 and 1640 cm-1), carbohydrates (1500 cm-1) and ethanol (1050-1040 and 875-865 cm-1). 1H NMR showed good applicability in identifying classes of organic compounds in the beverage, where signs attributed to alcohols, organic acids, carbohydrates and amino acids were observed. The ESI(+)FT-ICR MS allowed the identification of chemical compounds present in beverages, allowing the construction of a fingerprint of the beers. In addition, the application of chemometric tools enabled the prediction of physicochemical properties, presenting promising results in the prediction of alcohol content (RMSEC 0.2430 and RMSEP 0.3929) and bitterness (RMSEC 1.3022 and RMSEP 1.6008), and also in the classification regarding the manufacturing process (craft and industrial beer).

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170857

Benzophenone Derivatives Showed Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Activities by Inhibiting COX Enzymes and Promote Cyclin E Downregulation
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Folquitto, Laís R. S.

; Souza, Thiago B. de

; Januario, Jaqueline P.

; Nascimento, Isadora M.

; Brandão, Brenda T. V.

; Moreira, Maria E. C.

; Horvath, Renato O.

; Santos, Marcelo H.

; Coelho, Luiz F. L.

; Veloso, Marcia P.

; Soares, Marisi G.

; Carvalho, Diogo T.

; Ionta, Marisa

; Chagas-Paula, Daniela A.

; Dias, Danielle F.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Abr 2022, Volume 33 Nº 4 Páginas 348 - 360

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Considering the promising antitumor effects of compounds with dual anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities, thus benzophenones analogs (2-7) were evaluated on in vivo anti-inflammatory assay and molecular docking analysis. Those with the best molecular docking results were in vitro evaluated on cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and tested regarding antiproliferative activity. All derivatives displayed in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Among them, the substances 2’-hydroxy-4’-benzoylphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 4-hydroxy-4’-methoxybenzophenone (5) and 4’-(4’’-methoxybenzoyl)phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) showed the best values of Glide Score in COX-2 docking evaluation and 4 and 5 selectively inhibited COX-2 and COX-1 in vitro enzymatic assay, respectively. Thus, 4 and 5 were tested against breast cancer (MCF-7, MDA MB-231, Hs578T) and non-small-cell-lung cancer (A549) cell lines. The estrogen-positive MCF-7 cell line was more responsive compared to other tested cell lines. They induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition in MCF-7 cell line once there was an increase in G0/G1 population with concomitant reduction of S population. The antiproliferative activity of these substances on MCF-7 was associated with their ability to inhibit cyclin E expression, a critical regulator of G1/S transition. Taken together, the data indicate that 4 and 5 have dual anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities and support further studies to evaluate their antitumor potential.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210154

Growth and gas exchange of soursop under salt stress and hydrogen peroxide application
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Veloso, Luana L. de S. A.

; Silva, André A. R. da

; Lima, Geovani S. de

; Azevedo, Carlos A. V. de

; Gheyi, Hans R.

; Moreira, Rômulo C. L.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Fev 2022, Volume 26 Nº 2 Páginas 119 - 125

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O cultivo da graviola irrigada no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro evidencia a necessidade de informações sobre suas respostas à salinidade da água de irrigação e o uso de técnicas que permitam sua exploração, como a utilização de peróxido de hidrogênio. Assim, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar efeitos de embebição e aplicações foliares de peróxido de hidrogênio sobre o crescimento e a fisiologia de gravioleiras submetidas à estresse salino. O estudo foi conduzido em lisímetros em casa de vegetação, e os tratamentos foram distribuídos no delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 × 4, com quatro valores de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,7; 1,7; 2,7 e 3,7 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de H2O2 (0, 25, 50 e 75 μM), com três repetições e uma planta por parcela. As concentrações de H2O2 foram aplicadas via embebição das sementes e pulverização foliar. A irrigação com água a partir de 0,7 dS m-1 prejudicou as trocas gasosas e as taxas de crescimento absoluto da altura de planta e diâmetro de caule e crescimento relativo da altura de gravioleira. A aplicacão foliar com concentrações estimadas de 35, 33 e 23 µM de peróxido de hidrogênio favoreceram as taxas de crescimento relativo e absoluto da altura de plantas e transpiração, respectivamente. Em comparação com a parte aérea, a raiz de gravioleira foi mais afetada quando irrigadas com água a partir de 1.6 dS m-1.

ABSTRACT The cultivation of irrigated soursop in semiarid Northeastern Brazil highlights the need for information regarding its responses to the salinity of irrigation water and the use of techniques that allow its exploration, such as the use of hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of soaking of seeds and foliar application of hydrogen peroxide on soursop plant growth and physiology under conditions of salt stress. The study was conducted in lysimeters in a greenhouse, and the treatments were distributed in a randomized block design and 4 × 4 factorial scheme, with four values of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water - ECw (0.7, 1.7, 2.7, and 3.7 dS m-1) and four concentrations of H2O2 (0, 25, 50, and 75 μM), with three replicates and one plant per plot. H2O2 concentrations were applied via seed imbibition and foliar spray. Irrigation with water from 0.7 dS m-1 impairs gas exchange and absolute growth rates of plant height and stem diameter and relative growth rate in height of soursop plants. Concentrations of 35, 33 and 23 µM of hydrogen peroxide favored the relative and absolute growth rates of plant height and transpiration, respectively. Compared to the aerial part, the root of soursop plants is more affected when irrigated with water from 1.6 dS m-1.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n2p119-125

Evaluation of Flow Accelerated Corrosion in Typical Recovery Boiler Environments of Energy Production Industries
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Moreira, Rogaciano M.

; Almeida, Tatiana C.

; Bandeira, Merlin C. E.

; Assunção, Felipe R. S.

; Carvalho, Juliana F. A.

; Silva, Elaine F.

; Verbicario, João V. T.

; Mattos, Oscar R.

; Oliveira, Jefferson R.

; Bonfim, André L. C.

; Novgorodecev, André R.

Materials Research

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2022, Volume 25 Supl. 1 elocation e20210520

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) is a steel degradation that occurs in heat recovery steam generators in the power industry. The mechanism of this corrosion comprises an electrochemical dissolution of the semi-protective magnetite layer (Fe3O4) that is formed within the pipes employed in the boilers. The FAC is influenced by different factors such as fluid velocity, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration. In this context, Rotating Cage tests were used to evaluate the influence of pH and dissolved oxygen content on FAC of A210, P11 and P22 steels. General corrosion was lower for P11 and P22 steels, an effect consistent with the presence of chromium in their compositions. General corrosion was most critical at pH 8.5. The corrosion intensity decreased for the three steels when the dissolved oxygen concentration increased, at 2 m/s. This behavior is coherent considering the most effective precipitation of Fe2O3 inside the pores of the Fe3O4 layer in a more oxidizing environment. For 3 m/s, the corrosion intensity increased for both materials when oxygen increased, showing the shear stress effect. These behaviors were more significant at pH 8.5. About pitting corrosion, the analyzes show localized attack in the majority of coupons, however with very low number of pits.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2021-0520

Molecular docking studies and evaluation of the antiretroviral activity and cytotoxicity of the species Lafoensia pacari Saint-Hilaire
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Fonseca, S. A.

; Cunha, A. L.

; Lima, F. C. A.

; Silva, M. S. Cruz e

; Silva, K.W. L.

; Araújo, M. V.

; Moreira, M. S. A.

; Bento, E. S.

; Sabino, A. R.

; Rocha, T. J. M.

; Ferreira, R. C. S.

; Costa, J. G. da

; Santos, A. F.

; Santana, A. E. G.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e256261

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O interesse por espécies vegetais com ação antiviral tem crescido exponencialmente e algumas tem sido relatadas como possuídoras de propriedades anti-HIV. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar o fracionamento fitoquímico biodirecionado pela atividade antirretroviral das cascas do caule da espécie Lafoensia pacari. Trata-se de um estudo experimental in vitro e a metodologia envolve preparo do material vegetal, obtenção do extrato etanólico, fracionamento, purificação, identificação e quantificação das frações, extração ácido-base, ressonância magnética nuclear, teste de inibição da TR do HIV-1 e estudos de docking molecular. A partir do fracionamento biodirecionado pela atividade antirretroviral verificou-se uma maior atividade nas subfrações acetanólica. Com destaque para a subfração acetanólica neutros com 60,98% de inibição de TR e o ácido elágico com 88,61% de inibição de TR e ausência de citotoxicidade. Verificou-se com o teste de citotoxicidade em linhagem de macrófagos que a fração clorofórmica foi mais tóxica que a fração acetanólica. A análise do espectro J-resolvido na região aromática apresentou um simpleto em 7.48 e 6.93 ppm que foram identificados como ácido elágico e ácido gálico respectivamente. A enzima 5TIQ obteve melhor parâmetro de afinidade com o ligante ácido elágico que foi confirmado pelos espectros HSQC-1H-13C. O ácido gálico mostrou-se também favorável a formar interação com a enzima 5TIQ, sendo confirmado através do espectro HSQC-1H-13C. Através da avaliação do PreADMET verificou-se que o ácido elágico é uma molécula promissora pela sua atividade de inibição da TR e parâmetros farmacocinéticos e de toxicidade.

Abstract Interest in antiviral plant species has grown exponentially and some have been reported to have anti-HIV properties. This research aims to perform the bio-guided phytochemical fractionation by antiretroviral activity of Lafoensia pacari stem barks. This in vitro experimental study involved the preparation of plant material, obtention of ethanolic extract, fractionation, purification, identification and quantification of fractions, acid-base extraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, HIV-1 RT inhibition test and molecular docking studies. From the bio-guided fractionation by the antiretroviral activity there was a higher activity in the acetanolic subfractions, highlighting the acetate subfraction – neutrals with 60.98% of RT inhibition and ellagic acid with 88.61% of RT inhibition and absence of cytotoxicity. The macrophage lineage cytotoxicity assay showed that the chloroform fraction was more toxic than the acetate fraction. The analysis of the J-resolved spectrum in the aromatic region showed a singlet at 7.48 and 6.93 ppm which was identified as ellagic acid and gallic acid, respectively. The 5TIQ enzyme obtained better affinity parameter with the ellagic acid ligand, which was confirmed by the HSQC-1H-13C spectra. Gallic acid was also favorable to form interaction with the 5TIQ enzyme, being confirmed through the HSQC-1H-13C spectrum. From the PreADMET evaluation it was found that ellagic acid is a promising molecule for its RT inhibition activity and pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.256261

Interaction of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on eggs of Spartocera dentiventris (Berg) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) under laboratory conditions
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Ferraz, C. M.

; Soares, F. E. F.

; Senna, C. C.

; Silva, L. P. C.

; Araújo, J. V.

; Moreira, T. F.

; Monteiro, F. C.

; Braga, F. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Dez 2021, Volume 81 Nº 4 Páginas 1122 - 1124

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.231550 340 downloads

10.

Effects of in feed removal of antimicrobials in comparison to other prophylactic alternatives in growing and finishing pigs
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Tutida, Y.H.

; Montes, J.H.

; Borstnez, K.K.

; Siqueira, H.A.

; Güths, M. F.

; Moreira, F.

; Peripolli, V.

; Irgang, R.

; Morés, N.

; Bianchi, I.

; Kich, J.D.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Dez 2021, Volume 73 Nº 6 Páginas 1381 - 1390

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A utilização de antimicrobianos na produção animal provoca seleção de bactérias resistentes. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a utilização de alternativas associadas à antibioticoterapia preventiva na alimentação de suínos nas fases de recria e de terminação. Foram utilizados 1.045 animais de 60 a 190 dias de idade, submetidos a seis tratamentos com 16 repetições, como segue: 1) sem antibióticos; 2) com antibióticos; 3) prebióticos; 4) probióticos; 5) óleos essenciais; e 6) ácidos orgânicos. Os animais foram pesados, e a história clínica foi registrada, incluindo mortalidade e diarreia. No abatedouro, foram investigados índices de pneumonia e úlceras gástricas. O custo de cada tratamento foi discutido. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos (P>0,05) em relação à taxa de conversão alimentar (2,64 ± 0,03), ao ganho de peso médio geral (107,06 ± 0,9kg), ao ganho de peso médio diário (856,49 ± 7,7g) e ao peso de carcaça (92,4 ± 0,7kg). A aplicação de medicamentos injetáveis em animais com quadro clínico representou US$ 0,56/intervenção, sem diferença entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Além disso, independentemente do tratamento, foi observada alta frequência de pneumonia (>0,90). Não foi observada diferença para o grau de úlcera gástrica nem na consistência das fezes (P>0,05). A utilização de antibioticoterapia e de alternativas aos antibióticos na ração não trouxe benefícios aos desempenhos zootécnico e sanitário dos animais.

ABSTRACT The utilization of antimicrobials in animal production, causes selection of resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to compare the utilization of alternatives in association with preventive antibiotic therapy in swine feed during the growing and finishing phases. 1,045 animals were used from 60 to 190 days of age and were subjected to six treatments with 16 repetitions as follows: 1) antibiotic free; 2) antibiotics; 3) prebiotic; 4) probiotic; 5) essential oils; and 6) organic acid. Animals were weighted, and clinical history was recorded including mortality and diarrhea. At the abattoir, pneumonia index and gastric ulcers were investigated. The cost for each treatment was discussed. No difference between treatments were observed (P>0.05) regarding feed conversion rate (2.64±0.03), overall average weight gain (107.06±0.9kg), average daily weight gain (856.49±7.7g) and carcass weight (92.4±0.7kg). The application injectable drugs in animals presenting clinical symptoms, represented US$ 0.56/intervention, without difference between the treatments (P>0.05). Furthermore, independently of the treatment, high frequency of pneumonia was observed (>0.90). No difference for the degree of gastric ulcer nor feces consistency were observed (P>0.05). The utilization of antibiotic therapy and alternatives to antibiotics in feed did not produce benefits to the production indices and sanitary performances of the animals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12450 1 downloads

11.

Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maul [(sin.) Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat] en el cultivo de cacao: síntomas, ciclo biológico y estrategias de manejo
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Moreira-Morrillo, Anthony A.

; Cedeño-Moreira, Ángel V.

; Canchignia-Martínez, Fabricio

; Garcés-Fiallos, Felipe R.

Scientia Agropecuaria

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Out 2021, Volume 12 Nº 4 Páginas 653 - 662

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Throughout history, the cocoa crop (Theobroma cacao L.) has been affected by countless diseases, some of these caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maul. Although three Lasiodiplodia species have been reported affecting cocoa plants, L. theobromae is the most studied species both in cocoa and other crops. In recent years this phytopathogen has been gaining importance. In cocoa, L. theobromae can survive in soil and culture remains in the form of pycnidia and chlamydospores, spreading by different factors until reaching the plant tissues, remaining there as an endophyte. The pathogenic fungus can cause young twigs death (a characteristic symptom found in field conditions), fruits rot and mummification, and even vascular dieback. In general, the management of pathogens of the Botryosphaeriaceae family is complex, even more so when the pathogen is already present in the crop area. However, there are genetic, cultural, biological, chemical control measures, among others, that could be integrated and used in cocoa crops. As there is little information about L. theobromae in cocoa crops, we believe that this review will be very helpful for both technicians and researchers.

Resumen A lo largo de la historia, el cultivo del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) se ha visto afectado por innumerables enfermedades, algunas de estas causadas por Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maul. Aunque han sido reportadas tres especies de Lasiodiplodia afectando plantas de cacao, L. theobromae es la especie más estudiada tanto en cacao como en otros cultivos. En los últimos años este fitopatógeno ha venido tomando importancia. En cacao, L. theobromae puede sobrevivir en el suelo y restos de cultivo en forma de picnidios y clamidósporas, diseminándose por diferentes factores hasta alcanzar los tejidos vegetales, permaneciendo ahí como endófito. El hongo patogénico puede causar muerte de ramillas jóvenes (síntoma característico encontrado en campo), pudrición y momificación de frutos, e incluso muerte regresiva. De manera general, el manejo de patógenos de la familia Botryosphaeriaceae es complejo, más aún cuando el patógeno ya está presente en el local de cultivo. Sin embargo, existen medidas de control genético, cultural, biológico, químico, entre otras, que podrían ser integradas y usadas en el cultivo de cacao. Al existir poca información sobre L. theobromae en el cultivo de cacao, creemos que está revisión será de mucha ayuda tanto para técnicos como para investigadores.

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.068

12.

Associação entre Terapia com Estatinas e Menor Incidência de Hiperglicemia em Pacientes Internados com Síndromes Coronarianas Agudas
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Furtado, Remo Holanda de Mendonça

; Genestreti, Paulo Rizzo

; Dalçóquio, Talia F.

; Baracioli, Luciano Moreira

; Lima, Felipe Galego

; Franci, André

; Giraldez, Roberto R. C. V.

; Menezes, Fernando R.

; Ferrari, Aline Gehlen

; Lima, Viviane Moreira

; Pereira, Cesar A. C.

; Nakashima, Carlos Alberto Kenji

; Salsoso, Rocio

; Godoy, Lucas Colombo

; Nicolau, José C.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Fev 2021, Volume 116 Nº 2 Páginas 285 - 294

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento O maior risco de se desenvolver diabetes com o uso de estatinas é um desafio para a segurança do uso dessa classe de medicamentos em longo prazo. No entanto, poucos estudos analisaram essa questão durante síndromes coronarianas agudas (SCA). Objetivos Investigar a associação entre início precoce da terapia com estatina e níveis de glicemia em pacientes admitidos com SCA. Métodos Este foi um estudo retrospectivo de pacientes hospitalizados por SCA. Pacientes que nunca haviam usado estatinas foram incluídos e divididos segundo uso ou não de estatina nas primeiras 24 horas de internação. O desfecho primário foi a incidência de hiperglicemia na internação (definida como pico de glicemia > 200mg/dL). Modelos de regressão logística e modelos lineares multivariados foram usados para ajuste quanto a fatores de confusão e um modelo de pareamento por escore de propensão foi desenvolvido para comparações entre os dois grupos de interesses. Um valor de p menor que 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Um total de 2357 pacientes foram incluídos, 1704 deles alocados no grupo que receberam estatinas e 653 no grupo que não receberam estatinas nas primeiras 24 horas de internação. Após os ajustes, uso de estatina nas primeiras 24 horas foi associado com uma menor incidência de hiperglicemia durante a internação (OR ajustado = 0,61, IC95% 0,46-0,80; p < 0,001) e menor necessidade de uso de insulina (OR ajustado = 0,56, IC 95% 0,41-0,76; p < 0,001). Essas associações mantiveram-se similares nos modelos de pareamento por escore de propensão, bem como após análises de sensibilidade, como exclusão de pacientes que desenvolveram choque cardiogênico, infecção grave ou pacientes que foram a óbito durante a internação hospitalar. Conclusões Entre os pacientes internados com SCA que não receberam estatinas previamente, a terapia precoce com estatina associou-se independentemente com menor incidência de hiperglicemia durante a internação. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(2):285-294)

Abstract Background Increased risk of new-onset diabetes with statins challenges the long-term safety of this drug class. However, few reports have analyzed this issue during acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Objective To explore the association between early initiation of statin therapy and blood glucose levels in patients admitted with ACS. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with ACS. Statin-naïve patients were included and divided according to their use or not of statins within the first 24 hours of hospitalization. The primary endpoint was incidence of in-hospital hyperglycemia (defined as peak blood glucose > 200 mg/dL). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to adjust for confounders, and a propensity-score matching model was developed to further compare both groups of interest. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 2,357 patients were included, 1,704 of them allocated in the statin group and 653 in the non-statin group. After adjustments, statin use in the first 24 hours was associated with a lower incidence of in-hospital hyperglycemia (adjusted OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.46-0.80; p < 0.001) and lower need for insulin therapy (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.76; p < 0.001). These associations remained similar in the propensity-score matching models, as well as after several sensitivity analyses, such as after excluding patients who developed cardiogenic shock, severe infection or who died during index-hospitalization. Conclusions Among statin-naïve patients admitted with ACS, early statin therapy was independently associated with lower incidence of in-hospital hyperglycemia. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(2):285-294)

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200128 548 downloads

13.

COMVC-19: A Program to protect healthcare workers’ mental health during the COVID-19 Pandemic. What we have learned
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Fukuti, Pedro

; Uchôa, Caroline Louise Mesquita

; Mazzoco, Marina Flaborea

; Cruz, Isabella D'Andrea Garcia da

; Echegaray, Mariana V.F.

; Humes, Eduardo de Castro

; Silveira, Júlia Belizário

; Santi, Talita Di

; Miguel, Euripedes Constantino

; Corchs, Felipe

; Fatori, Daniel

; Campello, Guilherme

; Oliveira, Gabriel M. de

; Argolo, Felipe C.

; Ferreira, Felipe de M.

; Machado, Gustavo

; Argeu, Adriana

; Oliveira, Graça Maria Ramos de

; Serafim, Antônio de Pádua

; Siqueira, Luciana de Lima

; Rossi, Luciane de

; Rios, Izabel Cristina

; Oliveira, Talita Rodrigues de

; Antoniazzi, Leilane C. K.

; Gagliotti, Daniel Augusto Mori

; Abelama Neto, Emílio

; Oliveira Junior, Paulo Novais de

; Correia, Aline Villalobo

; Gonçalves, Luca Schilling

; Tortato, Liana Silva

; Busato, Wagner Machado Moraes

; Guimarães-Fernandes, Flávio

; Alves, Marcos

; Leite Netto, Oswaldo Ferreira

; Schoueri, Patrícia de Campos Lindenberg

; Roque, Márcio de Assis

; Merlin, Silvia Stahl

; Boer, Giovana Cardoso Machado

; Sallet, Paulo Clemente

; Malbergier, André

; Spedo, Mariana Abrahão

; Kamitsuji, Carla Satie

; Faria, Elizabeth de

; Moreira, Moacyr Vergara de Godoy

; Kaufman, Arthur

; Abdo, Carmita

; Scanavino, Marco de Tubino

; Lancman, Selma

; Tavares, Hermano

; Polanczyk, Guilherme

; Brunoni, André R.

; Forlenza, Orestes V.

; Barros-Filho, Tarcísio Eloy Pessoa de

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e2631

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic brought a work and stress overload to healthcare workers, increasing their vulnerability to mental health impairments. In response, the authors created the COMVC-19 program. The program offered preventive actions and mental health treatment for the 22,000 workers of The Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP). This paper aims to describe its implementation and share what we have learned from this experience. METHODS: Workers were able to easily access the program through a 24/7 hotline. Additionally, a mobile phone app that screened for signs and symptoms of emotional distress and offered psychoeducation and/or referral to treatment was made available. Data from both these sources as well as any subsequent psychiatric evaluations were collected. RESULTS: The first 20 weeks of our project revealed that most participants were female, and part of the nursing staff working directly with COVID-19 patients. The most frequently reported symptoms were: anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances. The most common diagnoses were Adjustment, Anxiety, and Mood disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a mental health program in a multimodal intervention was feasible in a major quaternary public hospital. Our data also suggests that preventive actions should primarily be aimed at anxiety and depression symptoms, with a particular focus on the nursing staff.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e2631

14.

Estudo Comparativo da Doença Coronariana Microvascular Causada por Doença de Chagas e por Outras Etiologias
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Campos, Felipe Araujo

; Magalhães, Mariana L.

; Moreira, Henrique Turin

; Pavão, Rafael B.

; Lima Filho, Moyses O.

; Lago, Igor M.

; Badran, André V.

; Chierice, João R. A.

; Schmidt, André

; Marin Neto, José Antonio

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Dez 2020, Volume 115 Nº 6 Páginas 1094 - 1101

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento A doença de Chagas (DC) constitui uma causa potencial negligenciada de doença microvascular coronariana (DMC). Objetivos Comparar pacientes com DMC relacionada à DC (DMC-DC) com pacientes com DMC ligada a outras etiologias (DMC-OE). Métodos De 1292 pacientes estáveis, encaminhados para angiografia coronária invasiva para elucidar o padrão hemodinâmico e a causa de angina, 247 apresentaram coronárias subepicárdicas normais, e 101 foram incluídos após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão. Desses, 15 compuseram o grupo de DMC-DC e suas características clínicas, hemodinâmicas, angiográficas, e cintilográficas foram comparadas às do grupo de 86 pacientes com DMC-OE. O nível de significância estatística para todas as comparações adotado foi de 0,05. Resultados Pacientes com suspeita de DMC-DC apresentaram características antropométricas, clínicas e angiográficas, além de alterações hemodinâmicas e de perfusão miocárdica estatisticamente comparáveis às detectadas nos 86 pacientes com DMC-OE. Disfunção ventricular diastólica, expressa por elevada pressão telediastólica do ventrículo esquerdo, foi igualmente encontrada nos dois grupos. Entretanto, em comparação a esse grupo com DMC-OE, o grupo com DMC-DC exibiu fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda mais baixa (61,1 ± 11,9 vs 54,8 ± 15,9; p= 0,049) e mais elevado escore de mobilidade da parede ventricular (1,77 ± 0,35 vs 1,18 ± 0,26; p= 0,02). Conclusão A cardiomiopatia crônica da doença de Chagas esteve associada à etiologia de possível doença microvascular coronariana em 15% de amostra de 101 pacientes estáveis, cujo sintoma principal era angina requerendo elucidação por angiografia invasiva. Embora os grupos DMC-DC e DMC-OE apresentassem características clínicas, hemodinâmicas, e de perfusão miocárdica em comum, a disfunção global e segmentar do ventrículo esquerdo foi mais grave nos pacientes com DMC associada à DC em comparação à DMC por outras etiologias. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1094-1101)

Abstract Background Chagas disease (CD) as neglected secondary form of suspected coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Objectives Comparison of patients with CMD related to CD (CMD-CE) versus patients with CMD caused by other etiologies (CMD-OE). Methods Of 1292 stable patients referred for invasive coronary angiography to elucidate the hemodynamic pattern and the cause of angina as a cardinal symptom in their medical history, 247 presented normal epicardial coronary arteries and 101 were included after strict exclusion criteria. Of those, 15 had suspected CMD-CE, and their clinical, hemodynamic, angiographic and scintigraphic characteristics were compared to those of the other 86 patients with suspected CDM-OE. Level of significance for all comparisons was p < 0.05. Results Patients with suspected CMD-CE showed most anthropometric, clinical, angiographic hemodynamic and myocardial perfusion abnormalities that were statistically similar to those detected in the remaining 86 patients with suspected CMD-OE. LV diastolic dysfunction, expressed by elevated LV end-diastolic pressure was equally found in both groups. However, as compared to the group of CMD-OE the group with CMD-CE exhibited lower left ventricular ejection fraction (54.8 ± 15.9 vs 61.1 ± 11.9, p= 0.049) and a more severely impaired index of regional wall motion abnormalities (1.77 ± 0.35 vs 1.18 ± 0.26, p= 0.02) respectively for the CMD-OE and CMD-CE groups. Conclusion Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy was a secondary cause of suspected coronary microvascular disease in 15% of 101 stable patients whose cardinal symptom was anginal pain warranting coronary angiography. Although sharing several clinical, hemodynamic, and myocardial perfusion characteristics with patients whose suspected CMD was due to other etiologies, impairment of LV segmental and global systolic function was significantly more severe in the patients with suspected CMD related to Chagas cardiomyopathy. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1094-1101)

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200381 562 downloads

15.

River waters near to agricultural sites in the Northeastern Brazil (Maranhão State) cause genetic damage in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Castro, M. S.

; Luvizotto-Santos, R.

; Pereira, S. R. F.

; Moreira, V. R.

; Castelo-Branco, P. V.

; Silva, V. L. M.

; Carvalho-Costa, L. F.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Abr 2019, Volume 79 Nº 2 Páginas 365 - 367

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.184337 809 downloads

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