Resumen Antecedentes: La satisfacción académica (SA) es un índice importante del éxito educativo en la universidad. Es importante estudiar qué factores mejoran la AS. Basándose en la teoría cognitiva social, el modelo de Lent y la teoría de la autodeterminación, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el papel de la autoeficacia académica (ASE) y las motivaciones para asistir a la universidad en el AS, controlando por sexo y año de curso. Este estudio investigó el efecto moderador de las amistades en la universidad en la relación entre ASE y AS, y entre diferentes motivaciones y AS. Método: 431 estudiantes universitarios italianos completaron una encuesta. Se realizaron cinco análisis de regresión de moderación. Resultados: Tener amigos en la universidad condicionó la relación entre desmotivación y SA y entre motivación extrínseca y SA: cuanto más motivados están los estudiantes o tienen baja motivación extrínseca, más satisfechos están si tienen muchos amigos en la universidad; por el contrario, si los estudiantes están desmotivados o tienen una motivación extrínseca alta, están menos satisfechos independientemente del número de amigos en la universidad. Conclusiones: Un alto número de amigos en la universidad amplifica la importancia de ser autodeterminado en SA. Se discuten las implicaciones educativas.

Abstract Background: Academic satisfaction (AS) is a key marker of educational success at university. It is therefore extremely important to investigate any factors that may enhance AS. Drawing on social cognitive theory, Lent's model of life satisfaction, and self-determination theory, the present study examined the roles of academic self-efficacy (ASE) and type of motivation for attending university in AS, while controlling for sex and course year. More specifically, the study investigated whether friendships at university moderated the relationship between AS and ASE, and between AS and the various kinds of motivation for going to university. Method: A survey was completed by 431 Italian university students. Five moderation regression analyses were run. Results: Having friends at university affected the relationship between amotivation and AS and between extrinsic motivation and AS: the more students were motivated or had low extrinsic motivation, the more satisfied they were, if they had a high number of friends at university. Conversely, if students lacked motivation or had high extrinsic motivation, they tended to be less satisfied, regardless of how many friends they had at university. Conclusions: A large number of friends at university maximizes and amplifies the effect of being self-determined on AS. We discuss the educational implications of these findings.

Abstract The composition-processing-structure-properties relationship of Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-based geopolymers containing calcium sources is critical for the design of enhanced ceramic binders. This work evaluated the addition of 1-6 wt% of calcium hydroxide (CH) to a metakaolin-based geopolymer (prepared with NaOH 12 M and colloidal silica suspension) and how it affected the performance of the prepared samples after thermal treatments up to 1000 °C. The setting time, mechanical strength, porosity, density, permanent linear change, and phase and bond type evolution of the specimens with temperature were analyzed. The incorporation of 3 or 6 wt% of CH into the designed composition led to a fast hardening of the mixtures (1.7 h), resulting in geopolymers with high green mechanical strength (18.9 to 23.9 MPa). Nepheline and albite generation in the samples containing 6 wt% of CH resulted in a ceramic with improved cold crushing strength (45.2 MPa) and lower linear shrinkage (-10.5%) when compared to the calcium-free composition.

Abstract The possibility of recycling solid wastes in the production of geopolymers and advanced ceramic products has received special attention recently. This work investigated the feasibility of replacing a high amount (70-90 wt%) of metakaolin with roof tile waste (CW) in the production of Na-geopolymer composites. Additionally, the influence of this alternative material, in the phase transformations and properties evolution (elastic modulus, compressive strength, porosity, density, and linear shrinkage) of the prepared compositions after distinct thermal treatments (40-1000 °C) was evaluated. The results showed that the incorporation of CW powder into the geopolymeric compositions enhanced their thermal and mechanical properties up to 1000 °C. The best performance was reached when using 80 wt% of the selected waste, which led to ceramic specimens with high crystallinity (presenting quartz, hematite, and albite phases), compressive strength (39.6 MPa), suitable linear shrinkage (-7.4%), and improved thermal stability (without visual cracks) after firing at 1000 °C.

We discuss the preparation of Polypyrrole and Polylactic Polyacid (PPy/PLA) based blends and the subsequent investigation of their antibacterial properties. After being molded through injection processing, the blends were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Impedance Spectroscopy (IS), contact angle, thermogravimetry (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of PPy chains and the IS results indicated that the blends prepared with a 50% mass fraction of PPy have a conductive character. While the SEM images reveal the presence of small cracks on the surface of the samples, DMA analyses show that a decrease in their mechanical strength occurs in the 50°C-60°C range, with the blend with a 50% PPy load exhibiting the greater resistance and being able to withstand temperatures of the order of 120°C. The TGA degradation profile varies according to the amount of polypyrrole present in the blends, with those containing 50% PPy being able to retain about 32% of the polypyrrole mass at 600°C. The antibacterial activity tests done with the injected blends reveal that while no inhibition halo was formed for the Escherichia coli bacterium, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus is inhibited in the 50% PPy blend.

Magnesium phosphate cement are materials prepared by reacting magnesium oxide with water-soluble phosphates such as mono-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, which solidified at ambient temperature through the formation of hydrated phases in the material. However, MgO has a high reactivity and requires calcination to reduce its surface area, facilitating the practical application of magnesium phosphate cement. Because it is a process with large energy consumption, the sintering cost is very high when implemented at a large scale. Since the final stages of solid-state reaction are rarely reached, the addition of some components is beneficial from a calcination point of view, as they can lead to the formation of low melting liquid phases. In this study, effects of the inorganic activation of MgO on the properties of cements in terms of phase formation, microstructure, setting time, pore size distribution and mechanical properties were evaluated. The additivation considerably improved the properties of MgO powders, and Na2O-PbO-SiO2-Bi2O3-B2O3 was the most efficient additive to reduce de BET surface area (about 5-6 times). Cements produced using doped MgO without calcination at high temperatures or the use of higher levels of retarding and dispersing additives, showed better physical (porosity approximately 5 times lower and density approximately 38% higher) and mechanical properties (approximately 9 times higher) than the pastes produced with MgO calcined without additives (traditional method).

Abstract Fused alumina is a material used in the manufacturing of abrasive tools, due to its high fusion point, great hardness, and mechanical toughness. In this context, this study addressed the influence of niobium addition on the properties of fused alumina for abrasive applications. A comparison was also made between this oxide and the brown fused alumina and the white fused alumina traditionally applied in this market, using different characterization techniques, such as particle size characterization, scanning electron microscopy, real and bulk density, chemical analysis, fracture resistance, and abrasiveness indexes. Among the main findings of this study, it was possible to observe that the addition of niobium to fused alumina significantly increased the fracture resistance and abrasiveness indexes compared to the brown and white fused alumina.

Resumo Introdução: Muitas tarefas posturais estáticas que requerem contribuições vestibulares são feitas durante a dupla tarefa. Objetivo: Investigamos a influência da dupla tarefa na integração sensorial para o controle postural e desempenho cognitivo durante o teste de organização sensorial e examinamos a relação entre a função cognitiva e o custo da dupla tarefa durante o teste de organização sensorial. Método: Vinte adultos completaram versões da tarefa única e dupla tarefa das seis condições do teste de organização sensorial, que foram concluídas em duas consultas com um intervalo de uma semana. Um subgrupo de 13 participantes completou três testes cognitivos do NIH-toolbox, inclusive o flanker inhibitory control and attention test, dimensional change card sort test e o pattern comparison processing speed test .O teste de postos sinalizados de Wilcoxon foi usado para comparar a oscilação postural durante o teste de organização sensorial de tarefa única e dupla. O teste de Friedman, com testes post hoc de comparação pareada, foi usado para comparar o desempenho da subtração em série de tarefa única para as 6 condições do teste de organização sensorial de dupla tarefa. Os coeficientes de correlação de Spearman foram usados para avaliar a relação entre o desempenho cognitivo no teste NIH-toolbox e o custo da dupla tarefa postural e cognitivo durante o teste de organização sensorial. Resultados: A feitura de uma dupla tarefa cognitiva durante o teste de organização sensorial resultou em um aumento significativo na oscilação postural durante a condição 1 (Z = -3,26, p = 0,001, TE = 0,73), condição 3 (Z = -2,53, p = 0,012, TE = 0,56) e condição 6 (Z = -2,02, p = 0,044, TE = 0,45). O desempenho de subtração diminuiu significativamente durante a condição 6 (Z =-2,479, p = 0,011, TE = 0,55) em comparação com a tarefa única. O dimensional change card sort test demonstrou correlações moderadas com o custo da dupla tarefa de desempenho de subtração em série na condição 5 (dimensional change card sort test: r=-0,62, p = 0,02) e condição 6 (dimensional change card sort test: r = -0,56, p = 0,04). Os escores do pattern comparison processing speed test foram significativamente correlacionados com o custo da dupla tarefa do controle postural durante a condição 2. Conclusão: A feitura de uma tarefa cognitiva durante o teste de organização sensorial resultou em um aumento significativo na oscilação postural em três condições, principalmente durante a manipulação do ambiente visual em oposição à manipulação vestibular e somatossensorial. O desempenho cognitivo diminuiu durante a condição de teste de organização sensorial mais complexa. Além disso, observamos que os participantes com função executiva pior apresentaram maior custo da dupla tarefa durante demandas de integração sensorial mais complexas.

Abstract Introduction: Many static postural tasks requiring vestibular contributions are completed while dual- tasking. Objective: We investigated the influence of dual-tasks on sensory integration for postural control and cognitive performance during the sensory organization test and examined the relationship between cognitive function and dual-task cost during the sensory organization test. Methods: Twenty adults completed single and dual-task versions of the six conditions of the sensory organization test were completed during two visits separated by one week. A subset of 13 participants completed three National Institute of Health (NIH)-toolbox cognitive tests including the Flanker inhibitory control and attention test, dimensional change card sort test and pattern comparison processing speed test. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare postural sway during single and dual-task sensory organization test. Friedman’s test, with pairwise comparison post-hoc tests, was used to compare single task serial subtraction performance to the 6 dual-task sensory organization test conditions. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between cognitive performance on NIH-toolbox test and postural and cognitive dual-task cost during the sensory organization test. Results: Performing a cognitive dual-task during the sensory organization test resulted in a significant increase in postural sway during condition 1 (Z = −3.26, p = 0.001, ES = 0.73), condition 3 (Z = −2.53, p = 0.012, ES = 0.56), and condition 6 (Z = −2.02, p = 0.044, ES = 0.45). Subtraction performance significantly decreased in during condition 6 (Z = −2.479, p = 0.011, ES = 0.55) compared to single-task. The dimensional change card sort test demonstrated moderate correlations with dual-task cost of serial subtraction performance in condition 5 (dimensional change card sort test: r = −0.62, p = 0.02) and condition 6 (dimensional change card sort test: r= −0.56, p = 0.04). Pattern comparison processing speed test scores were significantly correlated with dual-task cost of postural control during condition 2. Conclusion: Performing a cognitive task during the sensory organization test resulted in significantly increased postural sway during three conditions, particularly during visual environment manipulation oppose to vestibular and somatosensory manipulation. Cognitive performance decreased during the most complex sensory organization test condition. Additionally, we found participants with poorer executive function had greater dual-task cost during more complex sensory integration demands.

RESUMEN Introducción: La hipertensión pulmonar (HP) abarca un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades que genera discapacidad y aumento de la morbimortalidad. La rehabilitación cardiorrespiratoria (RC) es un recurso terapéutico subutilizado en esta condición. Objetivo: Estimar los efectos de un programa de RC en una prueba de caminata de campo y en la calidad de vida de pacientes con diagnóstico de HP de los grupos I y IV. Materiales y Métodos: Los pacientes fueron evaluados antes y después de la intervención mediante la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (PC6M) y el Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). El programa de RC consistió en 8 semanas de ejercicios supervisados con modalidad institucional. Resultados: Se incluyeron 19 pacientes con diagnóstico de HP precapilar por cateterismo cardíaco derecho, 18 mujeres (94,7%) con una media de edad de 45,5 ± 14,3 años. Trece (68,4%) presentaron HP del grupo I, y 6 (31,6%) HP del grupo IV. Se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en la PC6M (diferencia de medias -DM- 31 ± 27,3 metros; p <0,001), y en el SGRQ (DM 8,2 ± 10,2; p<0,01). No se reportaron eventos adversos graves durante el programa. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio sugiere que un programa de RC supervisado en pacientes con HP podría mejorar la distancia caminada y la calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting in disability and increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation (CR) is a therapeutic resource not widely used in this condition. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a CR program on a walking test and on the quality of life in patients with group 1 and group 4 PH Methods: Patients were evaluated before and after the intervention with the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). The program consisted of 8 weeks of supervised exercises within the institution. Results: Nineteen patients with precapillary PH diagnosed by right heart catheterization were included; 18 were women (94.7%) with a mean age of 45.5±14.3 years. Thirteen (68.4%) patients had group 1 PH and 6 (31.6%) had group 4 PH. There were statistically significant changes in the 6MWT [mean difference (MD) 31±27.3 m; p<0.001], and in the SGRQ (MD 8.2±10.2; p<0.01). No adverse events were reported during the program. Conclusions: Our study suggests that a supervised CR program in patients with PH could improve the distance walked and the quality of life.

Resumen Antecedentes: Faltan estudios que describan el tamaño normal de la aorta en población mexicana. Objetivos: Analizar las medidas aórticas en pacientes mexicanos y compararlas con pacientes de cinco países diferentes. Métodos: Las medidas de la aorta se dividieron en mexicanos y controles. Se realizó una comparación entre etnias y grupos mediante la prueba de suma de rangos de Mann Whitney. Resultados: El registro incluyó a 166 pacientes, 106 (63.8%) eran de México y 60 (36.1%) en el grupo control. Los pacientes mexicanos tenían diámetros aórticos más pequeños en comparación con el grupo control, a nivel del ostium de la arteria renal derecha, la arteria mesentérica inferior y la bifurcación aórtica. La población hispana tenía diámetros aórticos significativamente más pequeños desde el nivel de la arteria celíaca hasta la bifurcación aórtica. Conclusión: Los diámetros aórticos normales en la población mexicana son menores en comparación con otros países.

Abstract Background: There is a lack of studies describing the normal size of the aorta in Mexican population. Objective: To analyze aortic measurements in Mexican patients and to compared them with patients from five different countries. Methods: Measurements of the aorta were divided in Mexicans and controls. Comparisons between ethnicities and groups were performed using Mann Whitney rank sum test. Results: The registry included 166 patients, 106 (63.8%) were enrolled in Mexico and 60 (36.1%) in the control group. Mexican patients had smaller aortic diameters compared to the control group, at the level of the right renal artery ostium, inferior mesenteric artery, and aortic bifurcation. The Hispanic population had significantly smaller aortic diameters from the level of the celiac artery to the aortic bifurcation. Conclusion: The normal aortic diameters in the Mexican population are smaller compared to other countries.

Abstract Paper aims This paper studies the influence of process variation on deviation from nominal control chart performance and proposes some adjustments on the control limits to make it enable on small batches. Originality Specific methods were developed to monitor small batches, mainly due to unavailability of data for precise parameters estimation, like the deviation from nominal control charts. However, Montgomery (2014) highlights some essential aspects, such as the influence of process variation on its performance. Research method The method used was mathematical modeling and computer simulation. Main findings The results validated that there is a significant influence of the process variation on the control chart performance. It has been demonstrated that small adjustments on the control limits can make it enable on lean environments. Implications for theory and practice The main contribution is demonstrating the use of deviation from nominal control chart, through the valid control limits definition regardless of the samples size.

Abstract Thin film solar cell materials such as 3D metal halide perovskites are cheaper alternatives to silicon. Presently, the conversion efficiency of 3D lead halide perovskites is 25.5% (2021), which represents an increase of more than 550% since their discovery in 2009 (3.8%). Despite this remarkable progress, concerns about the toxicity of lead have sparked the quest for possible substitutes, in particular, 3D tin halide perovskites. This review covers the general properties of tin halide perovskites, synthesis and stability. It also identifies possible gaps and application beyond solar cells.

ABSTRACT Fragmentation is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss in tropical forests through consequences on their different components. Beta diversity patterns across fragments have been studied across multiple spatial scales, but comparisons with intact landscapes and in a variety of vegetation types are scarce. In order to address this issue of anthropogenic landscape disturbance, we tested two hypotheses relating to fragmentation and beta diversity: 1. Floristic homogenization at patch-level scale and 2. Floristic differentiation at landscape-level scale. The study was conducted in the Espinhaço Range biosphere reserve, Brazil. Three landscapes encompassing a broad range of vegetation types were sampled in 115 plots. Two landscapes were fragmented due to mining activities (Sabará and Brumadinho) and one is protected (Parque Estadual Serra do Rola-Moça). Results showed high overall beta diversity both between landscapes (conserved and fragmented) and vegetation types (forest, Brazilian savanna “campos rupestres”, ecotone and ironstone “canga”) with high turnover and species losses, even in highly disturbed vegetation types. The conserved landscape was most diverse in terms of richness. Thus, fragmentation effects differed from the expected with a main role of differentiation processes, and we argue that high beta diversity is not always a good predictor of ecosystem health.

RESUMO Alimentação adequada durante os primeiros anos de vida é fundamental para a saúde e tem repercussões em todos os ciclos da vida do indivíduo. Diversos trabalhos científicos associam efeitos nocivos à saúde com exposição aos agrotóxicos. Foram avaliados 312 agrotóxicos em alimentos comumente presentes na dieta infantil, selecionados a partir do cardápio do programa de alimentação escolar da educação infantil do município do Rio de Janeiro. A seleção dos alimentos baseou-se na frequência de consumo conforme os cardápios semanais da rede municipal de ensino. A análise multirresíduos por Cromatografia Líquida de Ultra Eficiência acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas sequencial em 145 amostras (leite, cereais infantis, banana, maçã, mamão, laranja, feijão e arroz) identificou 426 detecções de 53 agrotóxicos diferentes. Mais de 68% das amostras apresentaram múltiplos resíduos de agrotóxicos. Com os resultados, foi estimada a exposição da população infantil aos resíduos encontrados, indicando potencial risco à saúde das crianças, que precisa ser uma preocupação prioritária da saúde pública. É necessário verificar os impactos toxicológicos do uso de agrotóxicos sobre a saúde infantil, ampliar a aquisição de alimentos orgânicos pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e fortalecer a agroecologia com incentivos e políticas pública, buscando proteção e promoção da saúde coletiva.

ABSTRACT Adequate nutrition in the first years of life is a fundamental requirement for health and affects all life cycles of the individual. Several scientific studies associate exposure to pesticides with adverse effects to health. A total of 312 pesticides residues were evaluated in common foods from children’s diets, selected from the infancy school feeding program menu in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The selection of food was based on the frequency of consumption according to the weekly menus of the municipal school system. Multiresidue pesticide analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry in 145 samples (milk, infant cereal, banana, apple, papaya, orange, beans and rice) identified 426 detections of 53 different pesticides. More than 68% of the samples had multiple pesticide residues. Based on the results, was estimated the exposure of children to residues that were detected, indicating a potential risk to children’s health, which needs to be a priority public health concern. It is necessary to verify the toxicological impacts of the use of pesticides on children’s health, to expand the acquisition of organic foods by the School Feeding National Program, and to strengthen agroecology with incentives and public policies, aiming at the protection and promotion of collective health.

RESUMO Alimentação adequada durante os primeiros anos de vida é fundamental para a saúde e tem repercussões em todos os ciclos da vida do indivíduo. Diversos trabalhos científicos associam efeitos nocivos à saúde com exposição aos agrotóxicos. Foram avaliados 312 agrotóxicos em alimentos comumente presentes na dieta infantil, selecionados a partir do cardápio do programa de alimentação escolar da educação infantil do município do Rio de Janeiro. A seleção dos alimentos baseou-se na frequência de consumo conforme os cardápios semanais da rede municipal de ensino. A análise multirresíduos por Cromatografia Líquida de Ultra Eficiência acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas sequencial em 145 amostras (leite, cereais infantis, banana, maçã, mamão, laranja, feijão e arroz) identificou 426 detecções de 53 agrotóxicos diferentes. Mais de 68% das amostras apresentaram múltiplos resíduos de agrotóxicos. Com os resultados, foi estimada a exposição da população infantil aos resíduos encontrados, indicando potencial risco à saúde das crianças, que precisa ser uma preocupação prioritária da saúde pública. É necessário verificar os impactos toxicológicos do uso de agrotóxicos sobre a saúde infantil, ampliar a aquisição de alimentos orgânicos pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e fortalecer a agroecologia com incentivos e políticas pública, buscando proteção e promoção da saúde coletiva.

ABSTRACT Adequate nutrition in the first years of life is a fundamental requirement for health and affects all life cycles of the individual. Several scientific studies associate exposure to pesticides with adverse effects to health. A total of 312 pesticides residues were evaluated in common foods from children’s diets, selected from the infancy school feeding program menu in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The selection of food was based on the frequency of consumption according to the weekly menus of the municipal school system. Multiresidue pesticide analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry in 145 samples (milk, infant cereal, banana, apple, papaya, orange, beans and rice) identified 426 detections of 53 different pesticides. More than 68% of the samples had multiple pesticide residues. Based on the results, was estimated the exposure of children to residues that were detected, indicating a potential risk to children’s health, which needs to be a priority public health concern. It is necessary to verify the toxicological impacts of the use of pesticides on children’s health, to expand the acquisition of organic foods by the School Feeding National Program, and to strengthen agroecology with incentives and public policies, aiming at the protection and promotion of collective health.