Abstract Laterite gravels have been successfully adopted as pavement materials in the field. Despite that, they are often rejected in material selection processes because of its base on traditional gradation and consistency limits requirements. To allow a deeper evaluation of such material found abundantly in tropical countries, along to characterizing traditional parameters, repeated load triaxial tests were performed in a Laterite Gravel from Acre/Brazil to evaluate its elastic and plastic behavior through Resilient Modulus (RM) and Permanent Deformation (PD), respectively. In addition, a simulation was conducted in the MeDiNa software, based on the test results considering stress states that are usually applied in pavement layers. The material showed RM values higher than 500 MPa, which was considered high compared to materials such as Quartz and Granite. It was also observed low permanent deformation (below 1 mm for higher tensions applied) and accommodation of displacement (shakedown) for most specimens. The simulation results showed low rutting prediction for the Laterite Gravel applied in highway pavement layers. Thus, the results indicated that the lateritic gravel can be adopted in the composition of base or subbase layers of flexible pavements, even though some limits of the parameters specified by traditional specifications were violated, as expected. In addition, we also highlight the need for adoption of new material selection strategies that are based on key mechanical characteristics to avoid discarding potentially well performing materials.

■ ABSTRACT Introduction: The aesthetic procedure market is growing exponentially in Brazil. This growth has aroused the interest of several professional categories. The decision to practice in the sector must consider the market opportunities in the location in which you intend to operate. However, the area lacks comparative analyses documenting probable regional differences in the country. The objective of the study is to describe market differences in aesthetic procedures between Brazilian states and regions. An index of potential cosmetic consumption (IPCC) is calculated for such a comparative analysis. Method: Cross-sectional study involving providers of nonsurgical aesthetic procedures in Brazil. Searches on Google Maps® were conducted using key terms, and telephone interviews were conducted to obtain information on professional categories, types of providers, and services offered. Positive predictive values were obtained for all search strategies and used to estimate the total number of providers. Population size and per capita income were considered to calculate the IPCCs for Brazilian states. Results: São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro presented the highest IPCCs, being 524, 210, and 180, respectively. Roraima had an IPCC of 14, the lowest in the country. The Southeast Region presented, on average, the highest IPCC (242) among all Brazilian regions. Conclusion: Considering population size and income, the Southeast Region presents the greatest market opportunities for nonsurgical aesthetic procedures in Brazil. Our findings may be of interest to healthcare professionals and investors who work or intend to work in the sector.

■ RESUMO Introdução: O mercado de procedimento estéticos cresce exponencialmente no Brasil. Tal crescimento tem despertado o interesse de várias categorias profissionais. A decisão de praticar no setor deve considerar as oportunidades de mercado da localidade na qual se pretende atuar. Entretanto, a área carece de análises comparativas documentando prováveis diferenças regionais no país. O objetivo do estudo é descrever as diferenças de mercado em procedimentos estéticos entre os estados e regiões brasileiras. Um índice de potencial consumo de cosmiatria (IPCC) é calculado para tal análise comparativa. Método: Estudo transversal envolvendo prestadores de procedimentos estéticos não cirúrgicos no Brasil. Buscas no Google®-Google Maps® foram conduzidas usando termos-chave e entrevistas telefônicas realizadas para obter informações sobre categorias profissionais, tipo de provedores e serviços oferecidos. Valores preditivos positivos foram obtidos para todas as estratégias de busca e usados para estimar o número total de provedores. O tamanho da população e a renda per capita foram considerados para o cálculo dos IPCCs para os estados brasileiros. Resultados: São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro apresentaram os maiores IPCCs, sendo 524, 210 e 180, respectivamente. Roraima teve um IPCC de 14, o mais baixo do país. A Região Sudeste apresentou, em média, o maior IPCC (242) entre todas as regiões brasileiras. Conclusão: Considerando o tamanho da população e a renda, a Região Sudeste apresenta as maiores oportunidades de mercado em procedimentos estéticos não cirúrgicos no Brasil. Nossos achados podem ser de interesse para profissionais de saúde e investidores que atuam ou pretendem atuar no setor.

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, the optimal dose of phosphorus in the cultivation of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) clones has yet to be defined. This study verified the productivity of yerba mate clones in response to the application of P doses and determined the critical level of the nutrient in soil and yerba mate leaves. The experiment was developed in Itaiópolis-SC, in humic cambisol, from 2013 to 2020. Five doses of the nutrient were evaluated in two clones (BRS-BLD Aupaba and F2) of yerba mate. Fertility was defined by planting/post-planting (0, 2.3; 4.5; 6.8, and 9.0 g plant-1), canopy formation 1 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g plant-1), canopy formation 2 (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g plant-1), and production (0, 16.7; 33.3; 50.0; 66.7 kg ha-1). Harvests took place between July 2015 and January 2020, at 18-month intervals. The productivity of leaves, fine branches, and thick branches was evaluated. In the 2020 harvest, soil and leaf samples were collected to determine the critical level of P. The productivity of clone components increased with phosphate fertilization in all evaluated harvests. The critical levels of P for clones, Aupaba and F2, were 5.2 and 6.3 mg dm-3 in soil and 1.03 and 1.11 g kg-1 in leaves, respectively. Yerba mate is demanding of P, expressing maximum productivity in the planting phase, canopy formation 1 and 2, and production when doses of 5, 25, 40 g plant-1, and 35 kg ha-1 of P2O5 are applied, respectively.

RESUMO: No Brasil, a dose de fósforo no cultivo de clones de erva-mate ainda não está definida. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a produtividade de clones de erva-mate em resposta a aplicação de doses de P e determinar o nível crítico do nutriente no solo e folhas de erva-mate. O experimento foi implantado em Itaiópolis-SC, em Cambissolo Húmico, em 2013. Foram avaliadas cinco doses do nutriente em dois clones (BRS-BLD Aupaba e F2) de erva-mate. As adubações foram definidas como de plantio/pós-plantio (0, 2,3; 4,5; 6,8 e 9,0 g planta-1), formação de copa 1 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 g planta-1), formação de copa 2 (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 g planta-1) e produção (0, 16,7; 33,3; 50,0; 66,7 kg ha-1). As colheitas ocorreram entre julho de 2015 e janeiro de 2020, com intervalos de 18 meses. Avaliou-se produtividade de folhas, galhos finos e galhos grossos. Na safra de 2020, foram coletadas amostras de solo e folhas para determinação do nível crítico de P. A produtividade dos componentes dos clones aumentou com a adubação fosfatada em todas as safras avaliadas. Os níveis críticos de P para os clones Aupaba e F2 foram 5,2 e 6,3 mg dm-3 no solo e 1,03 e 1,11 g kg-1 nas folhas, respectivamente. A erva-mate é exigente em P, expressando produtividade máxima na fase de plantio, formação de copa 1 e 2 e produção, quando aplicado doses de P2O5 em torno de 5, 25, 40 g planta-1 e 35 kg ha-1, respectivamente.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Genome sequencing has been proved to be an excellent tool to monitor the molecular epidemiology of the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, i.e., coronavirus disease 2019. Some reports of infected, vaccinated individuals have aroused great interest because they are primarily being infected with circulating variants of concern. To investigate the cases of infected, vaccinated individuals in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, we performed genomic monitoring to estimate the magnitude of the different variants of concern in these cases. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swabs from infected (symptomatic and asymptomatic), vaccinated or unvaccinated individuals (n=29), and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold value (Ct values) of ≤30 were subjected to viral sequencing using nanopore technology. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed that the Omicron variant was found in 99% of cases and the Delta variant was found in only one case. Infected, fully vaccinated patients have a favorable clinical prognosis; however, within the community, they become viral carriers with the aggravating factor of viral dissemination of variants of concern not neutralized by the currently available vaccines. CONCLUSION: It is important to acknowledge the limitations of these vaccines and to develop new vaccines to emergent variants of concern, as is the case of influenza vaccine; going through new doses of the same coronavirus vaccines is “more of the same.”

BACKGROUND Epidemiological data related to leishmaniases or Leishmania infection in horses are scarce. However, studies carried out in different regions in the world showed equids parasitised by Leishmania braziliensis, L. infantum and L. martiniquensis. OBJECTIVES Identify the Leishmania species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in a mare, living in Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), and search the presence of Leishmania viruses in the isolated parasite. METHODS Isoenzymes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting ITSrDNA region followed by sequencing were conducted for typing the isolated parasite. A search for Leishmania virus infection was also performed. FINDINGS The mare presented skin nodules and ulcers in the left pinna caused by Leishmania spp. that was detected by culture and PCR. The parasite was identified as Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis, infected by Leishbunyavirus (LBV), representing the first description of this species in South America. The animal travelled to different Brazilian regions, but not to outside the country. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The worldwide distribution of L. martiniquensis and its infection by LBV were confirmed in this study, indicating the autochthonous transmission cycle in Brazil. The clinical profile of the disease in the mare, showing fast spontaneous healing of cutaneous lesions, may indicate that skin lesions related to L. martiniquensis infection in horses might be underdiagnosed.

ABSTRACT Objective: Based on hypothetical hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) gene expression similarities, we decided to compare the patterns of expression of both as models of NTIS. The concordant profile between them may enlighten new biomarkers for NTIS challenging scenarios. Materials and methods: We used Ion Proton System next-generation sequencing to build the hypothyroidism transcriptome. We selected two databanks in GEO2 platform datasets to find the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adults and children with sepsis. The ROC curve was constructed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). The AUC, chi-square, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, kappa and likelihood were calculated. We performed Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses for the survival analysis. Results: Concerning hypothyroidism DEGs, 70.42% were shared with sepsis survivors and 61.94% with sepsis nonsurvivors. Some of them were mitochondrial gene types (mitGenes), and 95 and 88 were related to sepsis survivors and nonsurvivors, respectively. BLOC1S1, ROMO1, SLIRP and TIMM8B mitGenes showed the capability to distinguish sepsis survivors and nonsurvivors. Conclusion: We matched our hypothyroidism DEGs with those in adults and children with sepsis. Additionally, we observed different patterns of hypothyroid-related genes among sepsis survivors and nonsurvivors. Finally, we demonstrated that ROMO1, SLIRP and TIMM8B could be predictive biomarkers in children's sepsis.

ABSTRACT Based on the Qualification course of External Evaluators for the Accreditation process in the Unified Health System (SUS), held in 2018, this paper aims to discuss the challenges to the training process of these evaluators from a perspective of participatory evaluation to contribute to the improvement of external evaluation and self-evaluation devices. To this end, 33 documents produced with the practice of these devices were analyzed within the project. In external evaluation, the main challenge is to ‘look at the other’. This specific type of perspective requires the External Evaluation Team’s mastery over the previous knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for the work to capture knowledge, intentions, and relationships expressed in the statements of the subjects. In self-evaluation, the main challenge is ‘looking at oneself’. Taking oneself as an object of knowledge and field of transformation requires specific ways of doing to gain quality in work processes. Building a culture of evaluation in which the information produced supports decision-making is a challenge for the ombudspersons, which can be overcome with the Quality Benchmark of the Ombudsperson Services of the SUS.

RESUMO Com base no Curso de Qualificação de Avaliadores Externos para o processo de Acreditação no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), realizado em 2018, o objetivo deste artigo foi discutir os desafios postos ao processo de formação desses avaliadores, fundamentado em uma perspectiva da avaliação participativa, como forma de contribuir para aperfeiçoamento de processos dos dispositivos de avaliação externa e autoavaliação. Para isso, analisaram-se 33 documentos produzidos com a prática desses dispositivos no âmbito do projeto. Na avaliação externa, o principal desafio consiste em ‘olhar para o outro’; esse tipo específico de olhar exige que a Equipe de Avaliação Externa detenha o domínio sobre os conhecimentos prévios, competências e atitudes necessárias ao trabalho, para captar saberes, intencionalidades e relações, expressos nos atos de fala dos sujeitos. Na autoavaliação, o principal desafio consiste em ‘olhar para si’; tomar a si próprio como objeto de conhecimento e campo de transformação requer formas específicas de fazer, visando ao ganho de qualidade nos processos de trabalho. Construir uma cultura de avaliação, em que as informações produzidas subsidiem a tomada de decisão é um desafio para as ouvidorias, que pode ser superado com o Referencial de Qualidade das Ouvidorias do SUS.

Abstract Patients with lepromatous or borderline leprosy may present two types of vasculonecrotic reactions: Lucio’s phenomenon (LP) and necrotic erythema nodosum leprosum (nENL). These are serious conditions, which mostly lead to life-threatening infectious and thrombotic complications. The authors report the case of a patient with leprosy recurrence associated with an atypical type II reaction with LP characteristics on histopathology.

RESUMO Extratos vegetais foram utilizados para o controle das formigas cortadeiras. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a sobrevivência de operárias de formigas cortadeiras após aplicação tópica de extratos de Ageratum conyzoides (mentrasto) e Manihot esculenta (mandioca); e avaliar o efeito por ingestão do extrato de Manihot esculenta extraído com hexano na sobrevivência de operárias de Atta sexdens Forel 1908 isoladas ou não de suas colônias, a fim de verificar se o fungo simbiótico Leucoagaricus gongylophorus confere proteção às operárias contra o extrato. Primeiro, dez operárias médias foram removidas de suas colônias e receberam a aplicação de 1 μL de extrato no pronoto. O extrato de mandioca (125 µg.mL-1) foi diluído em uma solução de mel com água para o bioensaio de ingestão. Foram realizadas cinco repetições (dez formigas dentro de um recipiente de plástico transparente) em cada uma das quatro colônias utilizadas no experimento. O número de formigas mortas foi registrado diariamente até que o tratamento controle também morresse. A solução do extrato Manihot esculenta com hexano apresentou resultado significativo na concentração de 100 µg.mL-1, com 100% de mortalidade após 4 dias. Formigas mantidas com o fungo simbionte que ingeriu o extrato hexânico da mandioca apresentaram menor mortalidade (40% ao final de 25 dias) do que as operárias mantidas isoladas (90%). A simbiose entre as formigas e o fungo significa mais do que uma fonte de alimento para as formigas-cortadeiras, devido ao fato de reduzir o efeito tóxico de extratos vegetais nas formigas quando elas permanencem em contato constante com o mesmo.

ABSTRACT Plant extracts have been considered for the control the leaf-cutting ants. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the survival leaf-cutting worker ants after topical application of Ageratum conyzoides (mentrasto) and Manihot esculenta (cassava) extracts; and to evaluate the effect of Manihot esculenta hexane extract via ingestion on the survival of the workers of Atta sexdens Forel 1908 isolated or not from their colonies, in order to verify whether the symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus confers protection to the workers against the extract. First, ten medium workers were removed from their colonies and received the application of 1 μL of extract on the pronotum. The cassava extract (125 µg.mL-1) was diluted in a solution of honey with water for the ingestion bioassay. Five repetitions (ten ants inside a transparent plastic container) were performed in each of the four colonies used in the experiment. The numbers of dead ants were recorded daily until the control also died. The solution of the hexane Manihot esculenta extract gave a significant result at the concentration of 100 µg.mL-1, with 100% of mortatily after 4 days. The ants maintained with the symbiont fungus that ingested the cassava hexanic extract showed a lower mortality rate (40% at the end of 25 days) than the workers who were kept isolated (90%). The symbiosis between the ants and the fungus means more than a food source for leaf-cutting ants because it reduces the toxic effect on the ants when the ants remain in contact with the fungus and is offered an unsafe vegetable.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência das densidades de plantio sobre o crescimento e forma das árvores de Eucalyptus urophylla, implantadas em distintas densidades de plantio na região central de Mato Grosso do Sul. Para tal, foi disposto, em área experimental da Embrapa Gado de Corte, um talhão segundo um plano experimental em roda de competição proposto por Nelder (1962), apresentando 16 densidades de plantio correspondentes a: 1313, 1167, 1037, 922, 819, 728, 647, 576, 512, 455, 404, 359, 319, 284, 252 e 224 árvores ha-1. As variáveis mensuradas aos 68 meses foram: DAP, altura total, altura de inserção e comprimento de copa, volume individual e por área, conicidade e fator de forma. Os dados foram processados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado sendo considerados como tratamentos as densidades de plantio. Por meio dos resultados, foi possível observar que quanto menor a densidade de plantio maior os valores encontrados para DAP, comprimento de copa, volume individual e conicidade. Verificou-se uma relação inversa entre a densidade de plantio e altura, inserção de copa e volume por área. Para altura, as densidades de plantio médias apresentaram resultados maiores, que das densidades das extremidades, sendo esse parâmetro mais influenciado pela bordadura do plantio. O fator de forma não foi afetado pela densidade de plantio. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que diferentes densidades de plantio afetam diretamente o crescimento e variáveis dendrométricas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of planting densities on the growth and shape of Eucalyptus urophylla trees, implanted in different planting densities in the central region of Mato Grosso do Sul. Therefore, a field in an experimental area of Embrapa Gado de Corte was displayed according to an experimental plan in competition wheel proposed by Nelder (1962), presenting 16 planting densities corresponding to: 1313, 1167, 1037, 922, 819, 728, 647, 576, 512, 455, 404, 359, 319, 284, 252 and 224 trees ha-1. The variables measured in 68 months were: DBH, total height, insertion height and crown length, individual volume and by area, taper and form factor. The data was processed in a completely randomized design with planting densities considered as treatments. It was possible to observe through the results that the lower the planting density, the higher the values found for DBH, crown length, individual volume and taper. Also, there was an inverse relationship between planting density and height, canopy insertion and volume per area. In terms of height, the medium planting densities showed higher results than the densities of the extremities, being this parameter more influenced by the border of the planting. The form factor was not affected by the planting density. Based on the results achieved, the conclusion was that different planting densities directly affect growth and dendrometric variables.

ABSTRACT Phosphorus availability in soils is low due to its strong retention by inner-sphere complexation on minerals in the clay fraction with pH-dependent charges, such as goethite. On the other hand, sulfur has greater availability because it is retained mainly by electrostatic attraction. We evaluated the intensities of the inner-sphere complexation of orthophosphate and sulfate (H2PO4-/HPO42- and SO42- - generically treated as PO4 and SO4) under different experimental conditions (pH, goethite purity, and contact times) on synthetic goethite samples to establish the mechanisms and models involved in those bonds. Inner-sphere PO4 and SO4 were extracted using both HNO3 1 mol L-1 and USEPA 3051A methods. Inner-sphere complexation of PO4 and SO4 was highest at pH 5 in relation to pH 9. Attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra showed inner-sphere complexation bands of PO4 on goethite in the protonated binuclear bidentate (pH 5) and deprotonated binuclear bidentate (pH 9) forms. Inner-sphere complexation of PO4 was much more expressive than that of SO4. Phosphorus and sulfur oxyanions displace the diprotonated ferrol ligand (-OH2+0.5 in -FeOH2+0.5), while the -OH-0.5 in the -Fe-OH-0.5 group are only displaced by PO4. The -O-1.5 ligand in Fe-O-1.5 group is not displaced by PO4 or SO4. The high surface negative charge density of PO4 defined its higher activation energy for exchanging -OH2+0.5 and -OH-0.5 on the goethite surface in relation to SO4. The proposed model can be used to reduce inner sphere phosphate adsorption in soils and improve P fertilization efficiency for farming.

Resumo Os algoritmos meta-heurísticos resolvem problemas de optimização identificando a melhor combinação entre um conjunto de variáveis para melhorar uma função. Dentro da meta-heurística, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar o desenvolvimento de questões de investigação sobre processos relacionados com a optimização e a meta-heurística, com enfoque na projeção das questões com maior possibilidade de desenvolvimento. Os processos de optimização são um dos campos mais estudados em inteligência artificial, optimização, logística e outras aplicações As principais contribuições deste trabalho foram a identificação das principais questões contidas nos temas de optimização e meta-heurística de processos; uma análise da expansão e retração do referido tema; uma compreensão da convergência e divergência; e uma análise das fases de desenvolvimento tal como apresentadas nas lacunas dos cinquenta artigos mais frequentemente mencionados. O principal achado deste trabalho foi analisar o desenvolvimento de tópicos de investigação sobre processos de optimização e meta-heurística, concentrando-se na projeção dos tópicos mais susceptíveis de se desenvolverem.

Abstract Metaheuristic algorithms solve optimisation problems by identifying the best combination among a set of variables to enhance a function. Within metaheuristics, the main purpose of this work is that of showing the development of research issues about processes related to optimisation and metaheuristics, with a focus on the projection of those issues with greater possibility of development. Optimization processes is one of the most studied fields in artificial intelligence, optimization, logistics, and other applications The main contributions of this work were the identification of the main issues contained in the themes of process optimization and metaheuristics; an analysis of the expansion and retraction of the aforementioned theme; an understanding of convergence and divergence; and an analysis of the stages of development as presented in the gaps of the fifty most commonly mentioned articles. The main finding was to analyze the development of research topics on optimization processes and metaheuristics, focusing on projecting the topics most likely to develop.

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como ativismos rurais no Brasil reagiram à pandemia da Covid-19. Para tanto, mapeamos as ações das principais organizações que congregam agricultores familiares e camponeses no país, nos primeiros sete meses da pandemia, de março a setembro de 2020: Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores Rurais Agricultores e Agricultoras Familiares (Contag), Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras na Agricultura Familiar do Brasil (Contraf-Brasil), Movimento dos Pequenos Agricultores (MPA) e Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). As fontes de dados são notícias publicadas nos sites de cada organização. Para entender como a pandemia impactou algumas de suas práticas pré-existentes, propomos uma tipologia composta por cinco formas de ação: doação, interpelação institucional, criação de mercados alternativos, ação direta, e ação informacional.

ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss how rural activism in Brazil reacted to the Covid-19 pandemic. We analyze actions of the four main family farming and peasants’ organizations in Brazil along the initial seven months of the pandemic, from March to September 2020: National Confederation of Men and Women Workers in Family Farming in Brazil (Contag), National Confederation of Men and Women Rural Farmer Workers and Family Farmers (Contraf-Brasil), Small Farmers Movement (MPA) and Landless Workers Movement (MST). Data sources are the news published on each organization's websites. In order to understand how the pandemic impacted some of their pre-existing practices, we propose a typology composed of five forms of action: donation, advocacy, alternative markets, direct action and informational action.

ABSTRACT Today, the certification process for onboard electro-electronic systems against nonionizing radiation can be considered mature and independent, having its own set of requirements. In turn, the current proposal for this process with regard to ionizing radiation is relatively recent and is in the process of improvement and discussion by industry and regulatory bodies, and presents important differences in approach. In this work these two processes are presented comparatively in detail, pointing out similarities and differences in order to contribute to this ongoing discussion, which should, in the medium term, result in regulation for the effects of ionizing radiation.