Abstract Evaluate of cashew nut shell liquid (alginate-CNSL) on TBARS, physicochemical attributes and microbial growing of beef steak was investigated. Three edible coating treatments were prepared: (1) control (uncoating); (2) sodium alginate coating (no additive); and (3) active coatings of sodium alginate added cashew nut shell liquid (alginate-CNSL) at 1% into. Color indexes and water holding capacity were not affected by coating treatments. The pH of the beef samples from the control treatment increased at storage time, and the beef involved with alginate-CNSL coating maintained a pH stable. Alginate-CNSL coating promoted cooking loss lower after 3rd day of storage. Alginate-CNSL coating promoted a lower shear force decrease compared at control and sodium alginate coating. Alginate-CNSL coating reduced lipid oxidation (TBARS) and microbial growing (mesophiles and psychrophiles counts) in beef compared others treatments. Active coating from CNSL (1%) improved the beef preservation, reducing lipid oxidation and microbial growing, until the 6th day of storage stability.

The objective of this study was to characterize the sorghum farming and ensiling systems in the Cariri region of Paraíba State (Brazil), and to identify different groups of producers based on productive characteristics using frequency distributions, and principal component and cluster analyses. A total of 100 milk producers in the Caturité and Boqueirão municipalities in the dairy region of Cariri, Paraíba, were selected to fill out a questionnaire comprised of 32 questions to collect data on both qualitative and quantitative variables. Of the 100 properties studied, 88% cultivated sorghum as silage forage for feeding dairy cows, demonstrating the importance of this cultural practice in the region of Cariri. Statistical analyses based on the variables studied identified four groups, composed of 35, 8, 6, and 39 farmers. The sorghum cultivation and ensiling production system in Cariri can be improved through the evaluation and improvement of soil fertility to obtain higher forage production, application of weed control using herbicides, and implementation of mechanized planting and harvesting to improve efficiency and reduce costs associated with manpower.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar parâmetros de comportamento ingestivo de vacas primíparas das raças Guzerá e Sindi recebendo dietas com diferentes níveis de inclusão de ureia, em substituição ao farelo de soja, e da cana-de-açúcar, em substituição ao capim elefante. Foram utilizadas oito vacas primíparas, sendo quatro da raça Guzerá e quatro da raça Sindi em lactação, distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 4x4. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiram em: T1 (0,0 cana-de-açúcar + 0,0% ureia), T2 (13,0% cana-de-açúcar + 0,6% ureia), T3 (26,2% cana-de-açúcar + 1,2% ureia) e T4 (39,4% cana-de-açúcar + 1,8% ureia), na matéria seca. Os animais foram observados a cada cinco minutos, durante 24 horas, para determinação do tempo despendido em alimentação, ruminação e ócio. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) para os tempos médios despendidos com as variáveis comportamentais alimentação, ruminação e ócio, à medida que foram aumentados os níveis de inclusão da ureia e cana-de-açúcar nas dietas. O tempo de mastigação total foi maior para os animais da raça Sindi, quando comparado ao dos animais da raça Guzerá. Animais da raça Guzerá apresentaram maior eficiência de alimentação em (g MS/h) e ruminação, quando expressa em (g MS h-1) e (g FDN h-1), quando comparada com a raça Sindi. À medida que se aumentam os níveis de inclusão da ureia e cana de açúcar na dieta, há um decréscimo da eficiência de ruminação expresso em (g FDN h-1).

This study aims to evaluate the ingestive behavior parameters of primiparous cows Sindi and Guzerá breeds under diet of different levels of urea inclusion replacing the soybean bran and the sugar cane replacing the elephant grass. It has been used eight primiparous cows, being four Guzerá breed and four Sindi lactating, distributed into two Latin squares 4x4. The experimental treatments consisted of: T1 (0.0 sugar cane + 0.0% urea), T2 (13.0% sugar cane + 0.6% urea), T3 (26.2% sugar cane + 1.2% urea) and T4 (39.4% sugar cane + 1.8% urea), in the dry matter. The animals have been observed each five minutes, during 24 hours, to determine the time spent in feeding, rumination and leisure. There was no significant difference, for the medium time spent with the behavioral variables feeding, rumination and leisure, as it has been increased the levels of urea and sugar cane inclusion in the diets. The total chewing time has been higher for the Sindi cattle when compared with Guzerá. The different levels of sugar cane and urea inclusion have not influenced in the time spent in feeding, rumination and leisure. Animals of the Guzerá breed have shown higher efficiency of feeding in (g Ms/h) and rumination, when expressed in (g Ms h-1) and (g FDN h-1), when compared with Sindi breed. As the sugar cane and urea levels increase in the diet, there is a decrease of the rumination efficiency expressed in (g FDN h-1).

Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, gerar subsídios para os avanços quanti-qualitativos do agro-negócio da bovinocultura leiteira no Cariri da Paraíba a partir do conhecimento estrutural e tecnológico das unidades produtivas, em uma amostra de 100 produtores rurais nos municípios de Caturité e Barra de Santana. O questionário foi composto por informações qualitativas e quantitativas, subdivididas em quatro seções, totalizando 49 perguntas. As seções foram identificadas como aspectos de infra-estrutura, tecnológicos, zootécnicos e nutricionais com o intuito de obter informações relacionadas à caracterização da propriedade, ao perfil do produtor e ao nível tecnológico. As variáveis qualitativas foram avaliadas pelo teste qui-quadrado e as quantitativas pelo teste t. Considerou-se, em ambos os casos, o nível de significância de até 5%. Não foi registrado diferença entre os municípios para as variáveis: área cultivada com palma forrageira, realização de controle zootécnico e a produtividade do rebanho. Foi evidenciada diferença, entre os municípios, para as variáveis: assistência técnica, área da propriedade, número total de vacas, cultivo de sorgo forrageiro, tipo de exploração pecuária, composição genética dos animais, motivos da realização de descarte dos animais, motivos da realização de secagem das matrizes, número de vacas em lactação, oferecimento do concentrado e mineralização do rebanho. As diferenças tecnológicas verificadas neste estudo, entre os municípios do Cariri paraibano, demonstram o grau de pluralidade existente entre os sistemas de produção de leite bovino. Com as informações geradas, é possível o planejamento de ações específicas para cada situação.

The aim of the present work, was to generate data for quantitative and qualitative advances in agro-business of dairy cattle in Paraíba Cariri from the knowledge of structural and technological production units in a sample of 100 farmers in the municipalities of Caturité and Barra de Santana. The questionnaire consisted of qualitative and quantitative information, divided into four sections totaling 49 questions. The sections were identified as aspects of infrastructure, technological, nutritional and husbandry in order to obtain information related to the characterization of the property, the profile of the producer and the technological level. Qualitative variables were evaluated by chi-square and t test for quantitative variables. It was, in both cases, the level of significance of 5%. No difference was recorded between the municipalities for the following variables: area planted with cactus, holding control livestock and herd productivity. There Was no significant difference between the cities in the following variables: technical assistance, property area, total number of cows, cultivation of sorghum, farm type, genetic makeup of animals and reasons for conducting disposal of animals, reasons for carrying out the drying of the arrays, the number of dairy cows, and mineralization concentrated offering of the herd. The technological differences observed in this study between the municipalities in Cariri, demonstrate the degree of diversity between the production systems of bovine milk. With the information generated, it is possible to plan specific actions for each situation.