Resumo Crotalaria (Linnaeus, 1753) (Fabaceae) ocorre abundantemente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais e tem cerca de 600 espécies conhecidas. Estas plantas são amplamente utilizadas na agricultura, principalmente como cobertura e adubos verdes, além da sua utilização no manejo de fitonematoides. Uma característica marcante destas espécies é a produção de alcalóides pirrolizidinicos (APs), aleloquímicos secundários envolvidos na defesa das plantas contra os herbívoros. Nas espécies de Crotalaria, a monocrotalina é a AP predominante, que tem muitas atividades biológicas relatadas, incluindo citotoxicidade, tumorigenicidade, hepatotoxicidade e neurotoxicidade, além de uma vasta gama de interações ecológicas. Assim, estudos têm procurado elucidar os efeitos desse composto para promover um incremento na flora e fauna (principalmente insetos e nematoides) associados aos agroecossistemas, favorecendo o controle biológico natural. Esta revisão compila informações sobre a monocrotalina, mostrando tais efeitos nesses ambientes, tanto acima como abaixo do solo e a sua potencial utilização em programas de manejo de pragas.

Abstract Crotalaria (Fabaceae) occurs abundantly in tropical and subtropical regions and has about 600 known species. These plants are widely used in agriculture, mainly as cover plants and green manures, in addition to their use in the management of phytonematodes. A striking feature of these species is the production of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), secondary allelochemicals involved in plant defense against herbivores. In Crotalaria species, monocrotaline is the predominant PA, which has many biological activities reported, including cytotoxicity, tumorigenicity, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity, with a wide range of ecological interactions. Thus, studies have sought to elucidate the effects of this compound to promote an increase in flora and fauna (mainly insects and nematodes) associated with agroecosystems, favoring the natural biological control. This review summarizes information about the monocrotaline, showing such effects in these environments, both above and below ground, and their potential use in pest management programs.

Abstract Humanity is sporadically subjected to leaders with deviant behavior, ego problems, or psychiatric disorders, potentially leading to social instability. Bipolar disorder is not common in all populations, but, coincidentally, studies suggest that it affected two sovereigns that were contemporaries, King George III of England, who died 201 years ago, and Queen Maria I of Portugal, who died 205 years ago. They lived during a time when Europe was in turmoil with the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, which also coincided with the rise of psychiatry. Both monarchs were forced to have prince regents rule in their place, due to their emotional decline, and they shared the same medical consultant, Francis Willis.

ABSTRACT: Determining cell proliferation rates and tumor apoptosis through immunohistochemistry allows the evaluation of the biological behavior of the tumor, optimizing the patient’s clinical course. This study aimed to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, COX-2 and caspase-3 and correlate them with the type of response to ECT in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), thus determining the predictive potential of these variables. For this, 13 samples of feline cutaneous SCC were evaluated before ECT, and statistical analyses of the correlation intensity between the variables were performed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, with a significance level of 95%. The results indicate a significant negative correlation between histopathological grade and response to ECT (ρ=-0.6; p=0.03); there was no significant correlation between Ki-67, COX-2 and caspase-3 immunoexpression with the response to ECT (ρ=-0.18; p=0.54/ρ=-0.23; p=0.44/ρ=-0.12; p=0.69, respectively). Therefore, the study shows that the histopathological grade, tumor size and staging, degree of cellular pleomorphism and degree of inflammatory infiltrate can be considered negative prognostic factors for cutaneous SCC and negative predictors for response to ECT. However, the markers Ki-67, COX-2 and caspase-3 are not considered predictive factors for the type of response to ECT. In addition, no relationship between these immunoexpressions and greater tumor aggressiveness was observed. The SCCs evaluated in this study showed significant COX-2 labeling, indicating a potential therapeutic target. ECT has been shown to be safe and effective for local control of feline cutaneous SCC but with reduced effectiveness in larger and invasive lesions.

RESUMO: A determinação das taxas de proliferação celular e apoptose tumoral por meio da imuno-histoquímica, permite avaliar o comportamento biológico tumoral, com otimização da evolução clínica do paciente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as expressões imuno-histoquímicas de Ki-67, COX-2 e caspase-3 e correlacioná-las com o tipo de resposta à EQT em carcinoma de células escamosas (CEC) cutâneo de felinos; assim, determinar o potencial preditivo destas variáveis. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 13 amostras de CEC cutâneo de felinos antes da EQT e as análises estatísticas quanto à intensidade de correlação entre as variáveis foram realizadas utilizando o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, com nível de significância de 95%. Os resultados indicam que houve correlação negativa significativa entre o grau histopatológico e a resposta à EQT (ρ=-0,6; p=0,03); não houve correlação significativa entre as imunoexpressões de Ki-67, COX-2 e caspase-3 com a resposta à EQT (ρ=-0,18; p=0,54/ρ=-0,23; p=0,44/ρ=-0,12; p=0,69, respectivamente). Portanto, este estudo evidenciou que as variáveis grau histopatológico, tamanho e estadiamento tumorais, grau de pleomorfismo celular e grau do infiltrado inflamatório foram consideradas fatores prognósticos negativos para o CEC cutâneo e preditivos negativos para a resposta à EQT. Entretanto, os marcadores Ki-67, COX-2 e caspase-3 não foram considerados fatores preditivos para o tipo de resposta à EQT, assim como não foi observada relação entre essas imunoexpressões com maior agressividade tumoral. Os CECs avaliados neste estudo apresentaram importante marcação para COX-2, indicando um potencial alvo terapêutico. A EQT mostrou-se segura e efetiva para o controle local dos CECs cutâneos dos felinos, porém com efetividade reduzida em lesões maiores e invasivas.

Abstract The iAtlantic Project has established an international collaborative strategy to improve mapping and characterization of deep and open ocean ecosystems in understudied regions of the Atlantic and evaluate their health. In December 2022, the first iAtlantic expedition in the South Atlantic set off to map and explore seafloor ecosystems in the Santos Basin slope (200-1,000 m depths) in collaboration with the Petrobras ‘Santos Basin - Regional Characterization Project.’ The 17-day ‘iAtlantic_BR10-Petrobras’ cruise was conducted on board the research vessel NPqHOc Vital de Oliveira (Brazilian Navy) and performed (a) water column structure characterization, (b) seafloor morphology mapping, (c) description of benthic habitats and communities by seafloor imagery and biological/ geological sampling, and (d) ex-situ experiments to assess the functioning of sedimentary ecosystems and their responses to climate-related environmental changes. This study describes the rationale behind the iAtlantic_BR10-Petrobras cruise science plan, reports its sampling strategy and methods, and summarizes its collected data and preliminary results.

ABSTRACT The garden fleahopper, Microtechnites bractatus (Say) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is associated with several cultivated plant species and, despite its economic importance, little is known about its development and performance in such hosts. We described here, the morphology of immature stages, and evaluated the biology of M. bractatus in beans, potatoes, white clover, alfalfa, and wheat. The bioassays were carried out in the laboratory under controlled temperature (25±2ºC), humidity (UR70±15%), and photoperiod (12L:12D). The eggs of M. bractatus are elongated and slightly curved, without respiratory projections and light yellow in color, becoming dark at the end of the incubation period. Nymphs present an oval-shaped body, a reddish color that intensifies along with the development and dimorphic wing pads in the fifth instar. In the bioassays, the host plants influenced the biological aspects of M. bractatus, both in the immature and adult stages. Nymph survival was higher in clover and alfalfa, while in wheat, it was lower. Clover-fed insects had the longest longevity. The fecundity parameters and egg viability were favored in insects that fed on clover and alfalfa. The fertility life table showed that feeding M. bractatus with clover provides a higher net reproduction rate (R0) and a higher finite ratio of population increase (ʎ). This study contributes to bioecological and behavioral studies on M. bractatus and provides data for the recognition and characterization of individuals in the immature stage.

Several stressors associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are expected to affect the mental health of global populations: the effects of physical distancing, quarantine, and social isolation; the emotional suffering of health and other frontline workers; neuropsychiatric sequelae in those affected by the virus; the impact to families of lives lost to the disease; differential effects for those with severe mental disorders; and the consequences of social and economic deterioration. In this context, we sought: to form a panel of Brazilian experts on child and adolescent health, neurodevelopment, health services, and adult and elderly mental health; and to compile evidence-based interventions to support suggested policy changes in Brazil to mitigate the expected increase in mental health disorders during the pandemic and its mental health consequences. The following actions are recommended: 1) invest in prevention programs for the safe return of students to schools; 2) adopt evidence-based psychosocial interventions to maintain an adequate environment for child and adolescent development; 3) target socially vulnerable populations and those experiencing discrimination; 4) train primary care teams to solve common mental health problems, provide needs-based assessments, and manage long-term, at-home care for older patients; 5) invest in technological advancements (e.g., telemedicine, e-Health, and web-based algorithms) to promote coordinated care; 6) increase access to and literacy in the use of computers and mobile phones, especially among older adults; 7) expand protocols for remote, brief psychotherapy interventions and psychoeducation to manage common mental health problems.

RESUMO: O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar os efeitos das células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo de cães no processo de cicatrização de autoenxertos de pele de espessura total em malha em coelhos. As células-tronco foram coletadas de cães jovens, após a caracterização estas permaneceram em criopreservação, em doses individuais contendo 2 x 106 células. A técnica de enxerto em malha na região distal do membro foi realizada em 60 coelhos, divididos em três grupos, GC (Grupo Controle), GT1 (Grupo tratado com células-tronco intralesional) e GT2 (Grupo tratado com células-tronco via endovenosa), contendo 20 animais cada. Imediatamente após a enxertia, cada grupo foi dividido aleatoriamente em quatro subgrupos, de acordo com o tempo de eutanásia 3, 7, 14 e 30 dias contendo cinco animais cada. Animais dos subgrupos GT1_14, GT1_30 e GT2_14, GT2_30 receberam uma segunda dose de células xenógenas no sétimo dia. Ademais, animais do GT1_30 e do GT2_30 receberam a terceira dose de células xenógenas no dia 14. Os grupos tratados com células-tronco xenógenas tiveram um efeito positivo na reepitelização e deposição de colágeno tipo III, e possivelmente, o GT1 teve uma resposta inflamatória controlada, entretanto o efeito na angiogênese não foi observado. Dessa forma, foi possível demonstrar que houve tolerância e ação terapêutica das células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo de cães em enxertos de pele em coelhos.

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells derived from canine adipose tissue in the healing process of full-thickness mesh skin grafts in rabbits. The stem cells were collected from young dogs; and, after characterization, remained in cryopreservation, in independent doses containing 2 x 106 cells. The mesh distal limb graft technique was performed in 60 rabbits, divided into three groups, CG (Control Group), GT1 (Intralesional Stem Cell Treated Group), and GT2 (Intravenous Stem Cell Treated Group), containing 20 animals each. After grafting, each group was randomly divided into four subgroups according to euthanasia time 3, 7, 14, and 30 days, containing five animals in each group. Animals of GT1_14, GT1_30, and GT2_14, GT2_30 subgroups received a second dose of xenogeneic cells on the seventh day. Meanwhile, animals from GT1_30 and GT2_30 received the third dose of xenogeneic cells on day 14. The groups treated with xenogeneic stem cells positively affected type III collagen re-epithelialization and deposition, and possibly GT1 had a controlled inflammatory response. However, no effect on angiogenesis. Thus, it was possible to demonstrate tolerance and therapeutic action of mesenchymal stem cells from canine adipose tissue in skin grafts in rabbits.

Objective: To evaluate body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image in women with prolactinoma. Methods: Body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image were evaluated in 80 women with prolactinoma. All patients were in menacme, 34% had normal body mass index (BMI), and 66% were overweight. Most patients (56.2%) had normal prolactin (PRL) levels and no hyperprolactinemia symptoms (52.5%). The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to assess the patients’ dissatisfaction with and concern about their physical form, and the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS) was used to assess body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image. The patients were divided according to PRL level (normal vs. elevated) and the presence or absence of prolactinoma symptoms. Results: The normal and elevated PRL groups had similar incidences of body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image. However, symptomatic patients reported a higher incidence of dissatisfaction than asymptomatic patients. Distorted body self-image was less common among symptomatic patients. Conclusion: Symptomatic patients showed higher body dissatisfaction, but lower body self-image distortion. The presence of symptoms may have been responsible for increased body awareness. The perception of body shape could have triggered feelings of dissatisfaction compared to an ideal lean body. Therefore, a distorted body self-image might not necessarily result in body dissatisfaction in women with prolactinomas.

Abstract This study reports for the first time the plant bug Microtechnites bractatus (Say) in Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. We characterized the injuries caused by M. bractatus and Collaria scenica Stal in cultivated plants and in Crotalaria spp. Considering that M. bractatus damage has been incorrectly attributed to C. scenica, we present here a contribution to the correct characterization of these insect pests and their damage over some agricultural crops.

Resumo Introdução Identificar se, no transtorno bipolar (TB), os estados mistos estão associados a um maior comportamento suicida, quando comparados a episódios maníacos/hipomaníacos e depressivos. Método Realizamos uma busca sistemática da literatura científica utilizando as bases de dados Pubmed, ISI Web of Science, PsycINFO e SciELO com os termos (bipolar) AND (suicid*) AND (mixed). Foram selecionados estudos originais que compararam o comportamento suicida entre pacientes em estado misto e pacientes em outras fases do TB. Resultados 16 artigos se adequaram aos critérios de seleção. Doze desses 16 estudos compararam estado misto com mania pura, e a maioria desses 12 estudos (n = 11) mostrou que o comportamento suicida era mais frequente entre os indivíduos em estado misto. Somente cinco dos artigos incluídos compararam o comportamento suicida entre as fases depressiva e mista do TB. Dentre esses cinco artigos, um mostrou maior comportamento suicida nos pacientes em estado misto, e um mostrou maior comportamento suicida nos pacientes com depressão pura. Em três desses cinco estudos, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão Durante um episódio agudo do TB, os estados mistos estão mais relacionados ao comportamento suicida do que os episódios de mania ou hipomania puros. Todavia, não foi possível demonstrar que os estados mistos cursem com um maior risco de comportamento suicida do que os episódios depressivos puros. Os resultados aqui apresentados merecem ser considerados na prática clínica, a fim de avaliar melhor o risco de suicídio, bem como prevenir o suicídio.

Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to identify whether mixed states in bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with more frequent suicidal behavior when compared to manic/hypomanic and depressive episodes. Method We performed a systematic search of the scientific literature on the subject using the PubMed, ISI Web Of Science, PsycINFO and SciELO databases. The terms chosen for the search were (bipolar) AND (suicid*) AND (mixed). We selected original studies comparing suicidal behavior of patients in mixed states and suicidal behavior of patients in other BD phases. Results Sixteen papers fit the selection criteria. Twelve of the original 16 studies compared suicidal behavior in mixed states and pure mania, and the majority of these studies (n = 11) revealed that suicidal behavior was more frequent among individuals in mixed states. Five of the papers compared suicidal behavior between depressive and mixed phases of BD. One of these five papers reported more severe suicidal behavior in patients in mixed states and another described more frequent suicidal behavior in patients with pure depression. There were no significant statistical differences between groups in the remaining three of these five studies. Conclusion During acute BD episodes, suicidal behavior is more strongly associated with mixed states than with pure mania or hypomania. However, it was not possible to demonstrate that the association between suicidal behavior and mixed states is stronger than the association between suicidal behavior and depressive phases. The results hereby presented are worth considering in clinical practice to better evaluate suicide risk and to prevent suicide.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os casos de mastocitomas cutâneos em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Governador Laudo Natel da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Unesp Câmpus Jaboticabal, no período de 2005 a 2015, além de avaliar a ocorrência dessa neoplasia em relação à raça, sexo e idade; determinar as regiões corpóreas mais acometidas e as características neoplásicas observadas, assim como, os métodos de diagnóstico mais utilizados no setor, estabelecer os principais graus histológicos diagnosticados e os tratamentos preconizados, verificar alterações de tamanho em relação aos linfonodos, à taxa de recidiva, metástase e possíveis associações entre as variáveis consideradas. Foram avaliados 192 prontuários clínicos de pacientes e observou-se que os cães sem raça definida (SRD) (n=46, 23,96%) foram os mais acometidos, seguidos por cães da raça Boxer (n=40, 20,83%) e Pit bull (n=27, 14,06%). A maioria dos cães eram fêmeas (n=107, 55,7%), e com idade de 7 a 11 anos (n=120, 62,5%). Do total, 32 pacientes apresentaram (16,7%) tumores localizados em membro pélvico, seguidos por nódulos em membro torácico (10,4%, n=20). Sessenta e cinco animais possuíam nódulos ulcerados (33,9%), sendo 96 nódulos de consistência firme (50%). Setenta e seis animais apresentavam múltiplos nódulos (39,6%) e aqueles acima de três centímetros perfaziam 39,1% da amostra (n=75). O método mais utilizado para o diagnóstico foi a punção aspirativa por agulha fina associado à histopatologia (HT), totalizando 39,8% dos nódulos (n=66), seguido pela HT com 37,3% (n=62). Em relação às variáveis histológicas, 18 pacientes apresentaram grau I (11,8%), 112 com grau II (73,7%) e 22 com grau III (14,5%) de acordo com Patnaik et al. (1984). Segundo a classificação de Kiupel et al. (2011), 37 casos foram classificados como de alto grau (35,2%) e 68 como sendo de baixo grau (64,8%). Foi observada associação estatística quando se avaliou a presença de nódulos solitários/múltiplos e o grau histológico, segundo Patnaik et al. (1984) (p=0,008) e Kiupel et al. (2011) (p=0,004), sendo que nódulos com piores características prognósticas eram mais frequentes nos animais diagnosticados com múltiplos nódulos, independente da classificação histológica empregada. Também foi observada a associação entre a presença de nódulos múltiplos com estadio II ou IV (p<0,001) e com a presença de recidiva (p=0,001). Em relação à classificação histológica de Kiupel et al. (2011) foi possível observar associação estatística entre o grau histológico e o tamanho do tumor (p=0,001), a consistência (p=0,028) e a velocidade de crescimento do nódulo (p<0,001); aumento de linfonodo (p<0,001) e o tratamento empregado (p=0,002). Nódulos com tamanho superior a três centímetros (56,8%, n=21) e de crescimento rápido (52,9%, n=36%), eram mais frequentes nos tumores de alto grau. Aumento de linfonodo (80,6%, n=25) e tratamento quimioterápico (83,3%, n=5) também estavam associados a pacientes com alto grau histológico. Em relação à classificação de Patnaik et al. (1984), as variáveis raça e sexo diferiram proporcionalmente entre os grupos histológicos (p=0,008 e 0,040 respectivamente), sendo que o aumento do linfonodo e o crescimento rápido do tumor também tiveram associação com o grau histológico (p=0,002 e 0,001). Quase a metade dos pacientes (47,4%) foi submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico e quimioterápico (n=91), sendo que em 31,3% (n=60) dos pacientes realizou-se apenas o procedimento cirúrgico. Sessenta e um animais (31,8%) apresentaram aumento de tamanho em linfonodos regionais (31,8%), sendo que 71,9% dos nódulos avaliados tiveram crescimento rápido. O tempo de evolução clínica do tumor foi menor ou igual a um ano, em 158 pacientes (82,3%), seguido por 25 pacientes (13%) com evolução de 1 a 2 anos. Foram observados 66 casos (40,5%) de recidiva e 16 (8,3%) de metástase à distância. Com este estudo, pode-se concluir que cães sem raça definida são os mais acometidos pelo mastocitoma cutâneo, na região de Jaboticabal, seguido por cães da raça Boxer, com idade variando entre 7 e 11 anos, não sendo observada predileção sexual; os nódulos encontrados eram predominantemente não ulcerados, solitários e menores que três centímetros; a maioria dos pacientes apresentou mastocitoma grau II, segundo Patnaik et al. (1984) e baixo grau segundo Kiupel et al. (2011); não se observou recidiva, em sua maioria, nem metástase em linfonodos e/ou a distância; o diagnóstico mais utilizado foi a punção aspirativa por agulha fina associada à histopatologia; a localização dos nódulos era mais prevalente nos membros pélvicos e torácicos, seguido por cabeça e pescoço. A consistência dos nódulos era de apresentação firme ou macia; e a metade dos pacientes foi submetida ao procedimento cirúrgico associado à quimioterapia antineoplásica.

ABSTRACT: This study analyzed the cases of cutaneous mastocytomas in dogs seen at the Governador Laudo Natel Veterinary Hospital of the College of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), Unesp, in Jaboticabal, from 2005 to 2015. The objective was to determine the occurrence of this neoplasm regarding breed, sex, and age, the most affected body parts and observed neoplastic characteristics; the most widely used diagnosis methods, the main histological grades and recommended treatments, to evaluate size changes in relation to lymph nodes, recurrence rate, metastasis and to verify possible associations between the evaluated variables. The clinical files of 192 patients were evaluated. The most affected dogs were of mixed breed (n=46, 23.96%), followed by Boxer (n=40, 20.83%) and Pitbull (n=27, 14.06%). Most of the dogs were females (n=107, 55.7%), aged between 7 and 11 years old (n=120, 62.5%). Thirty-two patients had (16.7%) tumors located in the pelvic limb, followed by thoracic limbs (10.4% n=20). Sixty-five animals had ulcerated nodules (33.9%), of which 96 had firm consistency (50%). Seventy-six animals had multiple nodules (39.6%), and 39.1% of the sample (n=75) had nodules larger than three centimeters. The most used diagnosis method was fine needle aspiration together with histopathology (HT), totaling 39.8% of nodules (n=66), followed by HT in 37.3% of the patients (n=62). Regarding the histological variables, 18 patients had grade I (11.8%), 112 grade II (73.7%), and 22 grade III (14.5%) classified according to Patnaik et al. (1984). According to the classification of Kiupel et al. (2011) 37 cases were classified as high grade (35.2%) and 68 as low grade (64.8%). Statistical association was observed when the presence of solitary/multiple nodules and the histological grade were evaluated according to Patnaik et al. (1984) (P=0.008) and Kiupel et al. (2011) (P=0.004). The nodules with worse prognostic feature were more frequent in animals diagnosed with multiple nodules, regardless of the histological classification used. The presence of multiple nodules in stage II or IV (p<0.001) and recurrence of the disease (p=0.001) was also observed. Regarding the histological classification of Kiupel et al. (2011), there was a statistical association between histological grade and tumor size (p=0.001), consistency (p=0.028) and nodule growth rate (p<0.001), lymph node enlargement (p<0.001) and the treatment used (p=0.002). Nodules larger than three centimeters (56.8% n=21) and fast growing (52.9% n=36%) were more frequent in high-grade tumors. Lymph node enlargement (80.6% n=25) and chemotherapeutic treatment (83.3% n=5) were also associated with patients with this histological grade. According to the classification of Patnaik et al. (1984), breed and sex differed proportionally between the histological groups (p=0.008 and 0.040 respectively), and lymph node enlargement and rapid tumor growth were also associated with histological grade (p=0.002 and 0.001). Almost half of the patients (47.4%) underwent surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment (n=91) while only surgical procedure was performed in 31.3% (n=60) of the patients. Sixty-one animals (31.8%) had enlarged regional lymph nodes (31.8%), and 71.9% of the nodes evaluated had rapid growth. The clinical evolution time of the tumor was less than or equal to one year in 158 patients (82.3%), followed by 1 to 2 years in 25 patients (13%). There were 66 cases (40.5%) of recurrence and 16 (8.3%) of distant metastasis. With this study, it can be concluded that dogs with mixed breed are the most affected by cutaneous mastocytoma in Jaboticabal city, followed by Boxer dogs, with ages varying between 7 and 11 years, with no sexual predisposition observed. It was also concluded that nodules were predominantly non-ulcerated, solitary and smaller than 3 centimeters, that the majority of patients presented grade II mastocytoma according to Patnaik et al. (1984) and low grade according to Kiupel et al. (2011), not being observed in most of them recurrence, lymph node or distance metastasis. The most commonly used diagnosis was fine-needle aspiration associated with histopathology, and in relation to location, nodules were found predominantly in pelvic and thoracic limbs, followed by head and neck. The consistency of the nodules was both firm and soft, and half of the patients underwent the associated surgical procedure of antineoplastic chemotherapy.

RESUMO: Colorações histoquímicas consistem de um conjunto de reações químicas específicas das estruturas ou substâncias endógenas do tecido. Logo a Imunohistoquímica permite observar proteínas presentes nos tecidos relacionadas com fatores determinantes do comportamento biológico e patológico. A padronização dos métodos que avaliam a angiogênese decorrente de procedimentos que utilizam substâncias estimulantes à formação de novos vasos são importantes, a fim de facilitar a execução das pesquisas, bem como auxiliar na interpretação dos dados, visto que em coelhos alguns anticorpos marcadores de angiogênese na pele ainda não são padronizadas em virtude das reações cruzadas que podem ocorrer devido aos anticorpos serem confeccionados a partir de tais animais. Objetivou-se analisar os métodos histoquímicos por meio das colorações e imunohistoquímicas com marcadores de angiogênese em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) submetidos ao emprego de enxertos cutâneos associado com estimulador de angiogênese plasma rico em plaquetas, a fim de avaliar qual método seria melhor para visualização dos vasos, bem como avaliar qual anticorpo promoveria melhor imunomarcação, buscando-se assim encontrar a diferenças entre os métodos e padronizar a metodologia a ser aplicada em experimentos que utilizem coelhos. Utilizou-se 16 coelhos, separados em dois grupos com oito animais, compreendendo os grupos Gprp (plasma rico em plaquetas) e Gc (controle, solução fisiológica 0,9%). Em todos os animais foi realizada a mesma técnica de cirurgia reconstrutiva de enxertia do tipo malha, os grupos diferiram apenas a aplicação do plasma rico em plaquetas antes da síntese da ferida cirúrgica. As amostras para avaliação da angiogênese foram coletadas após 15 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. Utilizou-se no estudo histoquímico as colorações Hematoxilina & Eosina e Tricrômico de Masson para avaliação da proliferação vascular, e os anticorpos CD31 e CD34 e Caveolina - 1 para avaliação imunohistoquímica. A comparação entre os grupos (Gprp e Gc) em relação à variável categórica (intensidade de proliferação vascular) foi utilizado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com valores de p iguais ou inferiores a 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Os dados imuno-histoquímico foram submetidos à análise de variância para um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 2 grupos e 5 repetições (médias) e nível de significância de 5%. Nas comparações múltiplas das médias dos grupos, utilizou-se o teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). A intensidade de proliferação vascular avaliada pelo método histoquímico HE e Tricômico de Masson encontrou-se que tal variável foi significativa no Gprp, quando comparado com o Gc. Avaliando os métodos utilizados não houve diferença significativa. A contagem microvascular (MVC) realizada com os diferentes marcadores (Caveolina-1, CD31 e CD34) foi significativa no Gprp. Correlacionando a contagem microvascular dos três marcadores utilizados não houve diferença significativa, no entanto observou-se marcação mais intensa dos vasos utilizando o anticorpo Caveolina-1, sendo intensa a marcação dos capilares, vasos de pequeno calibre, bem como em vasos maiores. Nas avaliações de CD31 e CD34 observou que houve imunomarcação dos vasos, porém não foi intensa como a Caveolina-1, alguns casos apresentaram fundo, bem como marcação discreta. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo evidenciaram os métodos histoquímicos são eficazes para avaliação semiquantitativa da angiogênese. A comparação imunohistoquímicas da Caveolina-1, CD31 e CD34 como marcadores de angiogênese em coelhos evidenciaram que ambos os anticorpos são capazes de imunomarcar os vasos neoformados, porém a Caveolina-1 apresentou melhor imunomarcação de vasos de pequeno e médio calibre, bem como menor presença de fundo, embora não seja um marcador específico para angiogênese pode ser utilizada como marcador imunohistoquímico de endotélio vascular em coelhos.

ABSTRACT: Histochemical staining consists of a set of specific chemical reactions of structures or tissue-endogenous substances. Immunohistochemistry allows verification of proteins in tissues related to biological and pathological factors. The standardization of methods to assess angiogenesis resulting from formation of new blood vessels in procedures with stimulants is important to facilitate the implementation of research as well as to assist interpretation of data. In rabbits some markers of angiogenesis antibodies in the skin are not standardized because of cross-reactions that may occur because the antibodies are made from such animals.The aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical methods through dyes and immunohistochemical markers angiogenesis in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) having undergone reconstructive surgery with skin grafts associated with plasma angiogenesis stimulator rich in platelets, in order to evaluate which method would be better to visualize the vessels, as well as to evaluate which antibody would promote better immunostaining, and find the differences between the methods and to standardize the methodology to be applied in experiments using rabbits. Sixteen rabbits were used, split into two groups of eight animals: Gprp (plasma rich in platelets) and Gc (control, saline solution, 9%). The same technique of reconstructive surgery using graft mesh was performed on each rabbit. The groups differed only in the application of platelet-rich plasma before the surgical wound synthesis. Samples for evaluation of angiogenesis were collected 15 days after the surgical procedure. The dyes Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson’s Trichrome were used in the histochemical study to evaluate vascular proliferation. Markers CD31, CD34 and Caveolin-1 was used for the immunohistochemical study. The evaluation between the groups (Gprp and Gc) in regard to the categorical variable (vascular proliferation intensity) used the Kruskal-Wallis test with p values equal to or less than 0.05 being considered significant. The immunohistochemistry was subjected to analysis of variance for a completely randomized design, with two groups and five repetitions (medium) and 5% significance level. Multiple comparison of groups resulted in the Tukey test (p=0.05) used. The amount of vascular proliferation assessed by histochemical method HE and Masson’s Trichrome was found to be a significant variable in Gprp when compared with group Gc. When evaluating the methods used, there was no significant difference. There was no difference in the three markers which were used for correlating microvessels; however, there was more intense staining of vessels when Caveolin-1 Antibody was used. This caused intense marking of the capillaries and small vessels, as well as of larger vessels. When using CD31 and CD34, the same was observed, but it was not as intense as with Caveolin-1; though some cases showed sincere and discreet marking. The results of this study demonstrated that the histochemical methods performed are effective for semi-quantitative assessment of angiogenesis. The immunohistochemical comparison of Caveolin-1, CD31, and CD34 as markers of angiogenesis in rabbits showed that both antibodies could immunostain the newly formed vessels; but the Caveolin-1 showed better immunostaining in small and medium-sized vessels, as well as a minor presence in the background. Although not specific markers for angiogenesis, they can be used as immunohistochemical markers of vascular endothelium in rabbits.

RESUMO O objetivo desse relato de caso foi descrever os achados clínicos e manejo terapêutico de um caso de adenocarcinoma papilífero do cólon descendente em um Beagle. O paciente apresentou fezes amolecidas, hematoquesia, tenesmo e disquesia. Exame clínico revelou alteração de achados ultrassonográficos do cólon descendente sugerindo colite e neoplasia. Após ressecção de massa local, análise histopatológica revelou enterite linfmoplasmocito leve e adenocarcinoma papilar do cólon. Enterectomia para ressecção tumoral e biopsia das lesões locais e tumores linfonodais foram realizadas. Após procedimento cirúrgico foi possível confirmar o diagnóstico prévio e o tumor foi classificado como adenocarcinoma papilar intraluminal intestinal, com margens cirúrgicas incompletas. Quimioterapia adjuvante foi realizada utilizando carboplatina, ciclofosfamida e piroxano, levando a remissão de sinais clínicos e ausência de alterações de imagem compatíveis com situação clínica prévia do paciente.

ABSTRACT The aim of this report was to describe the clinical findings and therapeutic management of a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the descending colon in a Beagle. The patient presented soft stools, haematochezia, tenesmus, and dyschezia. Clinical examination revealed alterations on the ultrasonographic features of the descending colon suggestive of colitis and neoplasia. Following local mass resection, histopathology analysis revealed mild lymphoplasmocytic enteritis and papillary adenocarcinoma of the colon. Enterectomy for tumoral resection and biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes were carried out. Subsequent to the surgical procedure, it was possible to confirm the previous diagnosis and the tumor was classified as intestinal intraluminal papillary adenocarcinoma, with incomplete surgical margins. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed using carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and piroxicam, leading to remission of clinical signs and absence of any clinical or imaging alterations compatible with the patient’s previous clinical condition.