ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio and insulin resistance in women with obesity and normal-weight women. This was a cross-sectional study with 128 women (62 women with obesity and 66 normal-weight women). We measured dietary minerals intake and analyzed magnesium and calcium biomarkers. Ca/Mg ratio in diet, plasma and urine were calculated. We have evaluated glycemic parameters. Women with obesity had low dietary magnesium, reduced plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations, and elevated urinary magnesium excretion. Plasma calcium concentration was lower and urinary calcium excretion was higher in patients with obesity than in the normal-weight group. Dietary magnesium and calcium intake per kilogram of body weight per day was lower in obese women than in the control group. Ca/Mg ratio in plasma and urine were elevated in women with obesity. We found a significant correlation among magnesium biomarkers and calcium parameters. Ca/Mg ratio seems to be associated with insulin resistance in obese women.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre la relación Ca/Mg y la resistencia a la insulina en mujeres con obesidad y en mujeres con peso normal. El diseño del estudio fue transversal y participaron 128 mujeres (62 mujeres con obesidad y 66 mujeres con peso normal). Se analizó la ingesta de minerales en la dieta y se realizaron análisis de biomarcadores de magnesio y calcio. Se calculó la relación Ca/Mg en dieta, plasma y orina y se evaluaron los parámetros glicémicos. Las mujeres con obesidad tenían niveles bajos de magnesio en la dieta, concentraciones reducidas de magnesio en plasma y eritrocitos, y excreción urinaria de magnesio elevada. La concentración plasmática de calcio fue menor en pacientes con obesidad, y la excreción urinaria de calcio fue mayor que en el grupo de mujeres con peso normal. La ingesta dietética de magnesio y calcio por kilogramo de peso corporal por día fue menor en las mujeres con obesidad, que en el grupo control. La relación Ca/Mg en plasma y orina estaba elevada en mujeres con obesidad. Se encontró una correlación significativa entre los biomarcadores de magnesio y los parámetros de calcio. La relación Ca / Mg parece estar asociada con la resistencia a la insulina en mujeres con obesidad.

OBJETIVO: avaliar uma série de pacientes esqueleticamente imaturos submetidos a três técnicas cirúrgicas de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) de acordo com o potencial de crescimento de cada paciente.MÉTODOS: foram avaliados prospectivamente 23 pacientes com idade de sete a 15 anos esqueleticamente imaturos submetidos à cirurgia de reconstrução do LCA. A técnica cirúrgica foi individualizada de acordo com o escore de maturação sexual de Tanner. As técnicas cirúrgicas usadas foram a reconstrução transfisária (TF), a transfisária parcial (TFP) e a extrafisária (EF). Quatro pacientes foram submetidos à EF, sete à TFP e 12 à TF. Avaliação pós-operatória foi baseada no escore de Lysholm, na análise clínica do joelho e na presença de deformidade angular ou dismetria do membro inferior.RESULTADOS: a média do escore de Lysholm foi de 96,34 (± 2,53). Nenhum paciente apresentou diferença de comprimento e/ou alteração clínica ou radiográfica de mau alinhamento dos membros inferiores.CONCLUSÃO: a reconstrução do LCA com o uso de enxerto de tendões flexores em pacientes esqueleticamente imaturos proporcionou resultados funcionais satisfatórios. O uso de técnicas cirúrgicas individualizadas de acordo com o potencial de crescimento não ocasionou lesão fisária capaz de determinar discrepância de comprimento ou mau alinhamento dos membros inferiores, mesmo em pacientes com alto potencial de crescimento.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate a series of skeletally immature patients who underwent three surgical techniques for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction according to each patient's growth potential.METHODS: a series of 23 skeletally immature patients who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery at ages ranging from 7 to 15 years was evaluated prospectively. The surgical technique was individualized according to the Tanner sexual maturity score. The surgical techniques used were transphyseal reconstruction, partial transphyseal reconstruction and extraphyseal reconstruction. Four patients underwent the extraphyseal technique, seven the partial transphyseal technique and twelve the full transphyseal technique, on the ACL. The postoperative evaluation was based on the Lysholm score, clinical analysis on the knee and the presence of angular deformity or dysmetria of the lower limb.RESULTS: the mean Lysholm score was 96.34 (±2.53). None of the patients presented differences in length and/or clinical or radiographic misalignment abnormality of the lower limbs.CONCLUSION: ACL reconstruction using flexor tendon grafts in skeletally immature patients provided satisfactory functional results. Use of individualized surgical techniques according to growth potential did not give rise to physeal lesions capable of causing length discrepancies or misalignments of the lower limbs, even in patients with high growth potential.