RESUMO Há uma grande necessidade dos cirurgiões-dentistas estarem capacitados para proceder diante de pacientes com algum tipo de cuidado especial. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre protocolos farmacológicos de como tratar pacientes portadores de necessidades especiais, dentro das diversas áreas que os cirurgiões-dentistas podem atuar. Métodos: Foi adotada como metodologia a revisão de artigos nos temas de Diabetes Mellitus, insuficiência renal crônica, hemofilia, pacientes cardiopatas, no período de 1980 a 2017 todos voltados para áreas da odontologia. Resultados: Foram selecionados 33 artigos da temática. Foram encontrados vários protocolos específicos para agir durante uma consulta de diversas doenças sistêmicas ou em casos especiais, afim de conseguir o sucesso durante o tratamento, evitar interações medicamentosas ou criar situações de emergências. Foi possível verificar, em alguns casos, um consenso entre as sequências ou o medicamento de primeira escolha para os pacientes portadores de necessidades especiais. Podem acontecer erros graves caso algum cirurgião-dentista não esteja capacitado para realizar a consulta nesses casos graves. A criação de um protocolo para esses pacientes nas diversas especialidades odontológicas diminuiria a quantidade de tratamentos com insucesso, assim aumentando a segurança e a eficácia dos tratamentos.

ABSTRACT There is a great need for dental surgeons to be trained to proceed with patients needing some kind of special care. This study aimed to perform a review of the literature on drug protocols concerning how to treat patients with special needs, within the different areas in which dentists may be engaged. The methodology employed was to review articles dealing with the subjects of diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, hemophilia, cardiac patients, which were focused on areas of dentistry. A total of 33 articles were selected. Several specific protocols were found on how to act during a consultation of several systemic diseases or in special cases, in order to achieve success during treatment, to avoid drug interactions or to create emergency situations. It was possible, in some cases, to find a consensus between the sequences or the drug of first choice for patients. Serious errors can occur if a dentist is not capable in serious cases. The creation of a protocol for these patients in the different dental specialties would reduce the number of failed treatments, thus increasing the safety and effectiveness of the treatments.

RESUMO O manejo de doenças pós-colheita de mamão sem o uso de agrotóxicos é um desafio para os produtores. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do óleo essencial de cravo-da-índia, do fungicida biológico Trichodermil®, do indutor de resistência Cob Sistem® e do fungicida químico Imazacure®, no controle in vitro de fungos fitopatogênicos isolados de mamão e na qualidade pós-colheita de mamão Tainung 1. O experimento in vitro foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 fungos x 5 tratamentos e cinco repetições. No experimento in vivo, utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos x 5 tempos de armazenamento, cinco repetições e três frutos por repetição. Os frutos foram armazenados sob refrigeração a 10 ± 2 ºC e 90 ± 5 % de umidade relativa e avaliados nos tempos 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias, mais dois dias de tempo de prateleira a 25 ± 2 ºC, para simular condições de comercialização. Avaliou-se a inibição do crescimento micelial para o experimento in vitro e, para o in vivo, a ocorrência de doenças e a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos. O óleo essencial de cravo-da-índia e Trichodermil® foram tão eficientes quanto o Imazacure® na inibição do crescimento micelial de Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Rhizopus sp. Até 21 dias de armazenamento, os tratamentos com cravo-da-índia, Trichodermil® e Imazacure® foram iguais, quanto ao controle de patógenos. Os tratamentos não propiciaram diferença quanto aos sólidos solúveis dos frutos.

ABSTRACT Controlling post-harvest papaya diseases without using agrochemicals is a challenge for producers. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of clove essential oil, biological fungicide (Trichodermil®), resistance inducer (Cob Sistem®) and chemical fungicide (Imazacure®) on the in vitro control of phytopathogenic fungi isolates from papaya as well as on the post-harvest quality of Tainung 1 papaya. The in vitro experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design, with five fungal species x five treatments and five replications. The in vivo experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design, with five treatments x five storage times, five replications and three fruits per replication. The fruits were stored under refrigeration at 10 ± 2 ºC and 90 ± 5 % of relative humidity and evaluated at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage, plus two shelf life days at 25 ± 2 ºC, to simulate marketing conditions. The inhibition of mycelial growth was evaluated in the in vitro experiment, while the diseases occurrence and post-harvest quality of the fruits were evaluated in the in vivo experiment. The clove essential oil and Trichodermil® were as efficient as Imazacure® in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizopus sp. The treatments with clove essential oil, Trichodermil® and Imazacure® were similar in controlling the pathogens up to 21 days of storage. The treatments had no effect on the fruits soluble solid contents.

ABSTRACT Microorganisms have a fundamental importance in agricultural ecosystems and may be influenced by several factors, including soil management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cropping systems and soil covers on the microbial community in soil cultivated with muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a split plot design with cropping systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage systems) assigned to the whole plot treatments, while a group of seven soil covers (sunn hemp; millet; sunn hemp + millet; corn + brachiaria; spontaneous vegetation; bare soil; and spontaneous vegetation + polyethylene film) defined the subplot treatments. Total bacteria, sporulating bacteria, fluorescent Pseudomonas sp., and total fungi were quantified at six different times (in fallow soil, at planting of green manures in the soil, when transplanting muskmelon seedlings, and 20, 40, and 60 days after transplanting [DAT]). To determine the quantity of microorganisms, the plate count method was used, with a specific culture medium for the groups. The cultivation of sunn hemp associated with no-tillage at transplanting of muskmelon showed a greater quantity of colony forming units (CFUs) of total bacteria compared to the conventional tillage system. In most treatments, conventional tillage showed greater amounts of sporulating bacteria in relation to no-tillage at the time of transplanting muskmelon and at 40 DAT. The tillage systems and soil cover did not change the total amount of fungi and fluorescent Pseudomonas sp.