ABSTRACT To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarc tion, a descriptive study was conducted in 175 patients in a referral hospital in Lima. The average age of the patients was 68.7 ± 10.8 years and 74.8% were male. The main reperfusion strategy used was percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty + stent, however, the use of primary angioplasty was low (19.5% of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction). Time to reperfusion therapies (angio plasty or fibrinolysis) were longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization was high. Almost 60% of the patients had a length of stay longer than seven days. In-hospital mortality was 3.4%, with cardiogenic shock being the most frequent cause of death. Myocardial infarction mainly affects men over 60 years, the clinical and epidemiological variables are like other regional reports. The main reperfusion strategy is angioplasty, although the use of primary angioplasty is low. Time to perfor ming reperfusion is longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization is high.

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con infarto de miocardio agudo (IMA), se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 175 pacientes de un hospital peruano de referencia. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 68,7 años y el 74,8% fueron de sexo masculino. La principal estrategia de reperfusión utilizada fue la angioplastia coronaria transluminal percutánea + stent, aunque su uso primario resultó ser bajo; además, el porcentaje de revascularización quirúrgica fue alto. Casi el 60% de los pacientes tuvo una estancia hospitalaria mayor a siete días. La mortalidad intra hospitalaria fue de 3,4%, siendo el shock cardiogénico la causa más frecuente de muerte. Se concluye que el IMA afecta principalmente a varones mayores de 60 años y que la principal estrategia de reperfusión es la angioplastia, además, los tiempos para la realización de la reperfusión son mayores a lo recomendado con porcentajes altos de revascularización quirúrgica.

ABSTRACT To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarc tion, a descriptive study was conducted in 175 patients in a referral hospital in Lima. The average age of the patients was 68.7 ± 10.8 years and 74.8% were male. The main reperfusion strategy used was percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty + stent, however, the use of primary angioplasty was low (19.5% of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction). Time to reperfusion therapies (angio plasty or fibrinolysis) were longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization was high. Almost 60% of the patients had a length of stay longer than seven days. In-hospital mortality was 3.4%, with cardiogenic shock being the most frequent cause of death. Myocardial infarction mainly affects men over 60 years, the clinical and epidemiological variables are like other regional reports. The main reperfusion strategy is angioplasty, although the use of primary angioplasty is low. Time to perfor ming reperfusion is longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization is high.

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con infarto de miocardio agudo (IMA), se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 175 pacientes de un hospital peruano de referencia. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 68,7 años y el 74,8% fueron de sexo masculino. La principal estrategia de reperfusión utilizada fue la angioplastia coronaria transluminal percutánea + stent, aunque su uso primario resultó ser bajo; además, el porcentaje de revascularización quirúrgica fue alto. Casi el 60% de los pacientes tuvo una estancia hospitalaria mayor a siete días. La mortalidad intra hospitalaria fue de 3,4%, siendo el shock cardiogénico la causa más frecuente de muerte. Se concluye que el IMA afecta principalmente a varones mayores de 60 años y que la principal estrategia de reperfusión es la angioplastia, además, los tiempos para la realización de la reperfusión son mayores a lo recomendado con porcentajes altos de revascularización quirúrgica.

ABSTRACT Pilates is an alternative form of physical therapy of low-to-moderate intensity, predominantly performed on the floor and which focuses on addressing stability, muscle strength, flexibility, breathing and posture. There is evidence supporting its usefulness in physical health. In contrast, the evidence is still limited in terms of its effectiveness in improving mental health. The objective of this review article was to highlight the preliminary evidence that supports the usefulness of Pilates in the improvement of mental health and psychological variables of people. This was a non-systematic narrative review, focused on primary literature, selected from a search in PubMed and SciELO databases. The key terms used were: “Pilates and mental health”, “Pilates and mental disorders”, and “Pilates and psychiatry”. The results were supplemented with secondary literature (books and book chapters). The research was carried out in order to provide a general orientation that would serve psychiatrists and physiotherapists in the design of therapeutic plans that complement psychopharmaceuticals, psychotherapy and conventional physical exercise.

RESUMEN El Pilates es una forma alternativa de terapia física de baja a moderada intensidad, predominantemente realizada en el suelo y que se enfoca en abordar estabilidad, fuerza muscular, flexibilidad, respiración y postura. Existe evidencia que sostiene su utilidad en la salud física. En cambio, la evidencia es todavía limitada en cuanto a su efectividad para mejorar la salud mental. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión fue resaltar la evidencia preliminar que apoya la utilidad del Pilates en la mejora de la salud mental y variables psicológicas de las personas. Esta fue una revisión narrativa, no sistemática, centrada en literatura primaria, seleccionada de una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO. Los términos clave que se utilizaron fueron los siguientes: "Pilates y salud mental”, “Pilates y trastornos mentales” y “Pilates y psiquiatría”. Los resultados fueron complementados con literatura secundaria (libros y capítulos de libros). Todos los miembros del equipo de investigación participaron en la revisión de la literatura. Todo lo anterior se realizó a fin de brindar una orientación general que sirva a médicos psiquiatras y a fisioterapeutas en el diseño de planes terapéuticos que complementen a los psicofármacos, la psicoterapia y al ejercicio físico convencional.

Introduction: Nutritional problems develop complications in geriatric patients and increase their morbidity and mortality. Hyperproteic nutritional supplements are one of the options to improve nutritional deficiencies. Objectives: To assess the beneficial effect and tolerance of one hyperproteic nutritional supplement (Ensure Plus High Protein®, Abbott Laboratories, S.A.) in malnourished subjects over 65 years. Methods: Observational, prospective, open, multicenter study. We included malnourished subjects over 65 years living in nursing homes located in Spain. Malnutrition was considered as GNRI score < 92 or BMI < 19. Before inclusion, we obtained signed informed consent of patients or their relatives. All participants received Ensure Plus High Protein® for 8 weeks. The primary endpoints were changes observed in weight, BMI and GNRI. Results: We analyzed 255 evaluable patients valid for intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and 243 for the per-protocol (PP) analysis; 69% (n = 172) were female and 31% (n = 77) male. The average protein amount administered was 51 g/day. At the end of the study, statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) were found in weight, BMI and GNRI when compared to baseline, both in the ITT and the PP analysis. The average weight increase was (mean ± SE) 2.86 ± 0.13 kg for PP analysis; 80% of participants (n = 202) achieved a weight gain > 1 kg and 96 patients (39.5% PP analysis) had a weight gain > 7%. Conclusions: The addition of a hyperproteic oral nutritional supplement contributes positively in improving the nutritional status of our study malnourished geriatric patients in terms of significant increase in body weight, BMI and GNRI.

Introducción: Los problemas nutricionales complican la evolución de los pacientes geriátricos y aumentan su morbilidad y mortalidad. Los suplementos nutricionales hiperproteicos constituyen una de las maneras de mejorar la ingesta nutricional. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto beneficioso y la tolerancia de un suplemento nutricional hiperprotéico (Ensure Plus High Protein®, Abbott Laboratories, S.A.) en sujetos mayores de 65 años diagnosticados de desnutrición. Métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, abierto y multicéntrico. Se incluyeron sujetos > 65 años diagnosticados de desnutrición, ubicados en 59 residencias geriátricas en España. Se consideró desnutrición una puntuación GNRI < 92 ó IMC < 19. Antes de la inclusión, se obtuvo el consentimiento informado firmado de los pacientes o sus familiares. Todos los participantes tomaron Ensure Plus High Protein® durante 8 semanas. Las variables principales de valoración fueron peso, IMC y GNRI. Resultados: Se analizaron 255 pacientes válidos para el análisis ITT y 243 para el análisis PP, 69% (n = 172) mujeres y 31% (n = 77) hombres. La cantidad de proteína media administrada fue 51 gr./día. Al final del estudio, los tres parámetros principales -peso, IMC y GNRI- presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,001) con respecto a la visita basal, tanto en el análisis ITT como en el análisis por protocolo. El incremento de peso medio fue de (media ± EE) 2,86 ± 0,13 kg para el análisis PP. El 80% de los participantes (n = 202) consiguió un incremento de peso > 1 kg y 96 pacientes (39,5% análisis PP) obtuvieron una ganancia ponderal > 7%. Conclusiones: La adición de un suplemento nutricional oral hiperproteico contribuye favorablemente en la mejoría del estado nutricional de los pacientes geriátricos malnutridos en estudio en términos de incremento significativo del peso corporal, IMC y GNRI.

Realizaram-se bioensaios para detectar a susceptibilidade de Aedes aegypti aos inseticidas químicos, temefós e cipermetrina. Os resultados mostraram que esta espécie é suscetível a temefós e apresenta resistência a cipermetrinae.

Bioassays were performed in order to detect the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to the chemical insecticides temephos and cypermethrin. The results showed that this species is susceptible to temephos and presents resistance to cypermethrin.

Realizaram-se bioensaios para detectar a susceptibilidade de Aedes aegypti aos inseticidas químicos, temefós e cipermetrina. Os resultados mostraram que esta espécie é suscetível a temefós e apresenta resistência a cipermetrinae.

Bioassays were performed in order to detect the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to the chemical insecticides temephos and cypermethrin. The results showed that this species is susceptible to temephos and presents resistance to cypermethrin.

A toxoplasmose é uma doença zoonótica de distribuição mundial que pode infectar uma grande variedade de espécies animais e o homem. No presente trabalho, foram avaliados nove cães jovens inoculados experimentalmente com três cepas diferentes de T. gondii em que se observaram através de microscopia direta e indireta, alterações oftálmicas em sete deles, confirmadas através de retinografia e histopatologia. Com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que as alterações oftálmicas na toxoplasmose adquirida nos cães apareceram já ao término da terceira semana pós-inoculação, mostrando a precocidade das alterações. No exame direto do olho, sete cães apresentaram áreas de hiperrefletividade. Alterações como papiledema, exsudato peripapilar e diminuição da pigmentação do tapetum foram observadas em três cães submetidos à retinografia. O exame histopatológico revelou a presença de discreto infiltrado mononuclear na córnea na região subepitelial em estroma conjuntivo em nível do ângulo da íris, congestão vascular da coróide e edema sub-retiniano em oito cães. Nossos resultados permitem concluir que a toxoplasmose ocular adquirida nos cães é tão significativa quanto na espécie humana. Assim, estudos devem ser aprofundados nesta linha de pesquisa para reforçar os achados.

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution that can infect a great variety of animal species and man. In the present study nine young dogs inoculated with three different samples of Toxoplasma gondii were evaluated. Seven of them showed ophthalmic alterations by means of direct and indirect microscopy, photomicrograph and histopathology. From the results obtained it was noted that ophthalmic alterations were already present at the end of the third week after inoculation, showing the precocity of such alterations. In the direct examination of the eyes, seven dogs presented increased reflective areas. Alterations such as papilledema, peripapillary exsudate and tapetum pigmentation were noted in three dogs submitted to retinograph. The histopathology showed focal mononuclear infiltrate of choroid, congestion of chorioretinal vessels an subretinal edema in eight dogs. Our results allow to conclude that acquired ocular toxoplasmosis in the dogs is as significant as in man and in doing so other studies must be undertaken.