Abstract This study evaluated the presence of metazoan parasites in Leporinus macrocephalus from four fish farms from the western Amazon (Brazil). In 160 fish examined, prevalence was 61.9%, and parasites found were: Urocleidoides paradoxus, Urocleidoides eremitus, Tereancistrum parvus, Jainus leporini, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) acuminata, Dolops discoidalis and Ergasilus sp., but U. paradoxus was the dominant parasite. Jainus leporini and Ergasilus sp. occurred only in L. macrocephalus from one fish farm, while U. paradoxus, U. eremitus and T. parvus were found in fish from three fish farms. Dolops discoidalis, P. (S.) inopinatus and R. (R.) acuminata occurred only in L. macrocephalus from two fish farms. Higher infection levels were caused by U. paradoxus, U. eremitus and P. (S.) inopinatus, which had an aggregated dispersion. There was positive correlation between abundance of parasites and the length of hosts. No difference in the condition factor of parasitized and non-parasitized fish were found. Such differences between fish farms were attributed to differences in management and quality of cultivation environments, and data indicate the need to adopt prophylactic measures in the fish farms to prevent diseases in the future. This was the first report of D. discoidalis and Ergasilus sp. for L. macrocephalus.

RESUMO As espécies florestais diferem na capacidade de absorção, translocação, acúmulo e uso dos nutrientes. Estas diferenças ocorrem entre espécies, procedências, progênies, e mesmo entre clones de uma determinada espécie e influenciam o crescimento das mesmas. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a produção de massa seca e a eficiência nutricional em relação ao fósforo de mudas de clone de Eucalyptus dunnii e de Eucalyptus benthamii cultivadas em vasos. O experimento foi conduzido por três meses, em casa de vegetação, num esquema fatorial (2 x 5), compreendendo as duas espécies e cinco doses de P (0, 50, 100, 200 e 500 mg dm-3). Foram utilizadas amostras de um Cambissolo Húmico coletadas na camada 0-20 cm em reflorestamento de pinus, que apresentava 4,6 mg dm-3 de P. Aos 90 dias após o plantio, procedeu-se a coleta da biomassa da parte aérea e radicular das plantas, separadamente, para determinação da massa seca e do teor de P. A partir desses valores, determinou-se a eficiência de absorção (EAP), a eficiência de utilização de P (EUP) e a percentagem de recuperação do P aplicado pela biomassa. Os clones de Eucalyptus dunnii e Eucalyptus benthamii apresentaram aumentos quadráticos na produção de massa seca total e na eficiência de utilização de P com o aumento das doses de P. O Eucalyptus dunnii foi mais eficiente na produção de massa seca total assim como na utilização e recuperação de P em relação ao Eucalyptus benthamii, em todos os níveis de fornecimento de P.

ABSTRACT Forest species differ in the absorption capacity, translocation, accumulation and use of nutrients. These differences occur between species, provenances, progenies, and even clones of specific species with influence in their growth. This study has as objective to evaluate the effect of phosphorus addition to the soil on the initial growth and nutritional efficiency of seedlings of Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus benthamii clones cultivated in pots. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for three months. Treatments consisted in a factorial design (2 x 5) with two species and five rates of P (0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg dm-3). The soil is a Humic Haplumbrept collected from a 0-20 cm layer under a pine plantation, which had 4.6 mg dm-3 P. Ninety days after planting, shoots and roots biomass were harvested, dried at 65 oC, weighed and analyzed for P. Subsequently, the absorption of P, the use efficiency of P and the percentage of P applied recovered by the biomass were calculated. The clones of Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus benthamii showed a quadratic increase in total dry mass yield and in the use of P as the rate of P applied increased. Eucalyptus dunnii was more efficient in terms of dry matter yield and use and recovery of P in relation to Eucalyptus benthamii, in all levels of added P.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this manuscript is to describe the first year of our experience using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. METHODS: Ten patients with severe refractory hypoxemia, two with associated severe cardiovascular failure, were supported using venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (eight patients) or veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (two patients). RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 31 yr (range 14-71 yr). Their median simplified acute physiological score three (SAPS3) was 94 (range 84-118), and they had a median expected mortality of 95% (range 87-99%). Community-acquired pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (50%), followed by P. jiroveci pneumonia in two patients with AIDS (20%). Six patients were transferred from other ICUs during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, three of whom were transferred between ICUs within the hospital (30%), two by ambulance (20%) and one by helicopter (10%). Only one patient (10%) was anticoagulated with heparin throughout extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Eighty percent of patients required continuous venous-venous hemofiltration. Three patients (30%) developed persistent hypoxemia, which was corrected using higher positive end-expiratory pressure, higher inspired oxygen fractions, recruitment maneuvers, and nitric oxide. The median time on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was five (range 3-32) days. The median length of the hospital stay was 31 (range 3-97) days. Four patients (40%) survived to 60 days, and they were free from renal replacement therapy and oxygen support. CONCLUSIONS: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in severely ill patients is possible in the presence of a structured team. Efforts must be made to recognize the necessity of extracorporeal respiratory support at an early stage and to prompt activation of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation team.

A variabilidade temporal da macrofauna bentônica na praia do Cassino, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, foi estudada durante o período de um ano (junho 2004 a maio de 2005) com base em coletas mensais. Escolheram-se três locais, distantes 50m um do outro, sendo que em cada local foram fundadas três transversais 2m eqüidistantes. Cada transversal se estendeu desde a base das dunas primárias até aproximadamente 1m de profundidade no infralitoral. A distância dos níveis de coleta em cada transversal foi de 20m até o limite superior da zona de varrido, a partir do qual a distância foi de 10m. A variação temporal da abundância da macrofauna bentônica, constatada no presente trabalho pode ser atribuída a (1) efeitos positivos decorrentes dos picos de recrutamento e migração de determinadas espécies para a zona de varrido e a (2) efeitos negativos como a migração de algumas espécies para águas mais profundas, a (3) mortalidade por causas naturais (embancamento e ação dos predadores) e (4) antrópicas (extrativismo e o trânsito de veículos). Ao recrutamento é atribuída a responsabilidade pela expressiva elevação da abundância da macrofauna bentônica. Já o embancamento, isto é, o aprisionamento dos organismos nas partes superiores da praia, provavelmente seja a principal causa das abruptas quedas nas abundâncias do macrozoobentos.

The temporal variability of benthic macrofauna on Cassino beach, southernmost Brazil, was studied for a period of one year (June 2004 to May 2005) based on monthly sampling. Three sites were selected distant 50m from each other. At each site, 3 transects were established, 2m equidistant from one another. Each transect extended from the base of the primary dunes to the inner surf zone at approximately 1m in depth, with 7 or 8 sampling levels. Within transects, the distance between the levels was 20m until the upper swash zone, from which distance was 10m until the 1-meter isobath. The temporal variation in the abundance of benthic macrofauna observed in the present study can be attributed to (1) the positive effects of the recruitment peaks and migration of particular species to the swash zone and (2) negative effects of the migration of some species to deeper waters, as well (3) as mortality through natural causes (stranding and action of predators) and (4) human causes (harvesting and vehicle transit). We attribute the expressive abundance increase of benthic macrofauna to recruitment. The stranding, that is, the trapping of the organisms on the upper parts of the beach, is likely the main cause of abrupt drops in benthic macrofauna abundance.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da adubação fosfatada, espaçamentos e sistemas de plantio na produção de raízes de batata-doce cv. Rainha Branca, conduziu-se um experimento no período de fevereiro a julho de 2004 em um NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO Psamítico típico, textura areia-franca, na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia-PB. O delineamento experimental empregado foi de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, foram testados vinte tratamentos formados por cinco doses de P2O5 (0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 kg ha-1), combinado fatorialmente com quatro espaçamentos entre plantas (0,20, 0,30, 0,40 e 0,50 m) por 0,80 m entre linhas; e nas subparcelas, dois sistemas de plantio (uma e duas ramas/cova). A maior produção de raízes comerciais/planta (662 g) foi obtida no sistema de plantio com uma rama/cova, no espaçamento de 0,80 m x 0,50 m (25.000 plantas ha-1), na dose estimada de 180 kg ha-1 de P2O5, enquanto que a menor (108 g), no espaçamento de 0,80 m x 0,20 m com duas ramas/cova, na ausência de P2O5. A produtividade comercial de raízes de batata-doce, em resposta às doses de fósforo no sistema de plantio com uma rama/cova, foi de 18,7 t ha-1, obtida com 210 kg de P2O5 ha-1. No sistema de plantio com duas ramas/cova, essa produtividade foi de 18,9 t ha-1, alcançada com 231 kg de P2O5 ha-1. A maior produtividade de raízes comerciais em função dos espaçamentos (19,64 t ha-1) foi obtida com 0,30 m entre plantas, no sistema de plantio com duas ramas/cova (83.330 plantas ha-1).

The influence of phosphate fertilization, spacing and planting systems were evaluated on the yield of sweet potato roots Rainha Branca cv. The experiment was carried out from February to July/2004 in Quartz Psamment soil, in the Universidade Federal of Paraíba, Areia-PB, Brazil. It was used experimental design of randomized blocks in sub divided plots in four replications. In the main plots, twenty treatments were tested forming five levels of P2O5 (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1), combined factorially with four spacing among plants (0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 m) for 0.80 m among lines; and in subplots, two planting for ms (one and two stems/hole). The largest production of commercial/plant roots (662 g) was obtained in planting system with a stems/hill, in the spacing of 0.80 m x 0.50 m (25.000 plants ha-1) with 180 kg ha-1 of P2O5. The commercial roots productivity of sweet potato roots, considering P2O5 levels at planting system with one stems/hole, were 18.7 t ha-1 obtained with 210 kg ha-1 of P2O5. The productivity in the planting system using two stems/hole were 18.9 t ha-1, and it was reached with 231 kg ha-1 of P2O5. The largest productivity on spacing function (19.64 t ha-1) was obtained with 0.30 m among plants, in the planting system with two stems/holes (83.330 plants ha-1).

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adubação fosfatada e de sistemas de plantio na produção total e comercial de raízes de batata-doce, cv. Rainha Branca, conduziu-se um experimento, de fevereiro a julho de 2003, na UFPB, em Areia (PB). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com os fatores doses de fósforo (0; 100; 200; 300 e 400 kg de P2O5 ha-1) e sistemas de plantio (uma e duas ramas por cova), em quatro repetições. As produções total e comercial de raízes de batata-doce, em resposta as doses de fósforo no sistema de plantio com uma rama por cova, foram de 21,6 e 18,7 t ha-1, obtidas com 237 e 210 kg de P2O5 ha-1, respectivamente. No sistema de plantio com duas ramas por cova, essas produções foram de 23,5 e 18,9 t ha-1, alcançadas com 259 e 231 kg de P2O5 ha-1, respectivamente, enquanto as doses econômicas para a produção de raízes comerciais, foram 173 e 194 kg de P2O5 ha-1, para os sistemas de plantio com uma e duas ramas, respectivamente. No sistema de plantio com uma rama e dose econômica correspondeu a 82% daquela para a máxima eficiência técnica (MET) e para o sistema de duas ramas a 84% da MET, constituindo um indicativo da viabilidade econômica do emprego de fósforo no cultivo da batata-doce. As doses de fósforo estimadas que resultaram nas máximas produções de raízes comerciais e retornos econômicos, quanto ao sistema de plantio com uma e duas ramas por cova corresponderam, respectivamente, com 21 e 19 mg de P disponível dm-3, extraído pelo extrator de Melich 1. Em solos semelhantes ao deste estudo, a adubação fosfatada na batata-doce poderá ser dispensada, quando os teores de fósforo disponível forem superiores a 19 e 20 mg dm-3 de solo, respectivamente, para os sistemas de plantio com uma e duas ramas por cova.

The influence of phosphate fertilization and planting systems were evaluated on the yield and quality of sweet potato roots, Rainha Branca cv. The experiment was carried out from February to July/2003 in a Quartz Psamment soil in Paraiba State, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with four replications. Treatments were distributed in a 5 x 2 factorial design, with five levels of P2O5 (0; 100; 200; 300 and 400 kg ha-1 ) and two planting systems (one and two stems/hole). Total and commercial sweet potato roots production, in response to P2O5 levels with one stem/hole, were 21.6 and 18.7 t ha-1 obtained with 237 and 210 kg ha-1 of P2O5, respectively. Using two stems/hole, 23.5 and 18.9 t ha-1 were obtained when 259 and 231 kg of P2O5, were employed, respectively. Levels of 173 and 194 kg of P2O5 applied for one and two stems/hole, respectively, were economically viable for the commercial roots production. The economical level in the planting system using one stem/hole, was 82% of the technical maximum efficiency (TME) and for two stems/hole was 84% TME being an indicative of economical viability of phosphorus application in sweet potato. P2O5 levels that resulted in maximum production and economical returns for commercial roots for planting systems with one and two stems/hole were 21 and 19 mg dm-3 of phosphorus available, using Melich-1 extractor. In similar soil types for commercial roots production, the phosphate fertilization will be dispensed, when available phosphorus levels were higher than 19 and 20 mg dm-3 of soil in planting systems with one and two stems/hole.