The objective of the present work was to induce chromosome doubling in genotypes of Brachiaria ruziziensis with potential for production of good-quality biomass and tolerance/resistance to stress caused by aluminum and spittlebugs. Germinated seeds of B. ruziziensis were immersed in 0.1% colchicine solution for 2 or 3 hours. Ploidy level was determined by flow cytometry and confirmed by chromosome count. Fertility of the tetraploid plants was assessed through evaluation of pollen viability by staining. There was no statistical difference with regard to seedling survival and number of duplicate seedlings between the treatments. Survival rate was 8%, of which 11.45% were tetraploid genotypes. The mean viability of pollen grains from the evaluated tetraploid plants ranged from 51.75 to 55.50%. So, the tetraploids plants obtained from genotypes of a bred population of ruzigrass produce fertile pollen, in percentages that render crosses viable in genetic breeding programs.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar diferenças entre duas espécies de pimenta-longa por meio de análise de cariótipos. Foram analisados cinco acessos de Piper hispidinervum (Piperaceae) C. DC. e Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae) pertencentes à coleção de germoplasma da Embrapa Acre, utilizando-se o método de esmagamento e coloração de Feulgen. As duas espécies apresentaram número cromossômico 2n = 24 e cromossomos pequenos e metacêntricos com comprimento médio de 1,38 µm em P. hispidinervum e 1,32 µm em P. aduncum. Pelos descritores citogenéticos obtidos não há diferença entre as duas espécies.

The aim of this work was to detect differences between two species of long pepper by karyotypic analysis. Five acessions of Piper hispidinervum C. DC. (Piperaceae) and Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae), belonging to germplasm collection of Embrapa Acre, were analysed using squashing technique and Feulgen staining. The chromosome number observed for both species was 2n = 24 and karyotype presented small metacentric chromossomes, with average length of 1.38 µm in P. hispidinervum and 1.32 µm in P. aduncum. Karyotypic descriptions pointed out that the species are not different.

Entre os acessos de Pennisetum da Coleção de Germoplasma da Embrapa Gado de Leite - Juiz de Fora, MG, avaliados em estudos anteriores, o BAG 55, capim-elefante cv. Kizozi, introduzido do Estado da Bahia e cuja origem genealógica é desconhecida, apresentou variação cromossômica numérica (2n=54 a 66 cromossomos) em diversas contagens, embora a sua identificação no Banco de Germoplasma como P. purpureum Schum. sugerisse que o mesmo apresentasse 2n=28 cromossomos. Neste estudo foram feitas análises mitóticas comparativas entre este acesso com outros quatro representantes de capim-elefante (P. purpureum) e foram obtidas medições cromossômicas. Para o acesso BAG 55 também foram realizadas análises meióticas e de viabilidade de pólen. Os resultados das análises mitótica e meiótica confirmaram o número cromossômico desse acesso como sendo 2n=54, indicando que não se trata de uma variedade de capim-elefante (P. purpureum), mas de uma espécie selvagem de Pennisetum. As observações citogenéticas revelaram que há variações somente em nível somático, caracterizando-se como um caso de polissomatia e aneussomatia.

Among the accessions of Pennisetum of the Germplasm Collection of Embrapa Gado de Leite - Juiz de Fora, MG evaluated in previous studies, BAG 55, elephant grass cv. Kizozi, introduced from the Bahia State and whose genealogical origin is unkown, presented chromosome number variation (2n=54 to 66 chromosomes) in several counts, although its identification in the Germplasm Bank as P. purpureum Schum. suggested that it presented 2n=28 chromosomes. In this study comparative mitotic analysis among this accession with other four elephant grass (P. purpureum) and chromosome measurements were performed. For the BAG 55 accession meiotic and pollen viability analysis were also accomplished. The results of the mitotic and meiotic analysis confirmed the chromosome number of the accession as 2n=54, indicating that it is not an elephantgrass variety (P. purpureum), but of a wild species of Pennisetum. The cytogenetic observations revealed that there are only variations in somatic level, as a case of polissomaty and aneussomaty.