RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência produtiva do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) ‘BRS Pujante’ a partir do manejo climatológico de irrigação usando Kc único e dual. O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com dois tratamentos (coeficiente de cultivo único e dual) e 12 repetições. Avaliou-se o teor de clorofila a, b e total, a tensão matricial do solo, o número de vagens por planta, o número de grãos por vagem, o peso médio de 100 grãos, a produtividade total de grãos e a eficiência no uso da água. Os manejos com Kc único e dual não interferiram nos pigmentos clorofilianos. O Kc único proporcionou valores de tensão mais próximos a zero durante os estágios III e IV de desenvolvimento do feijão-Caupi. Observou-se diferença significativa apenas para o peso médio de 100 grãos, com superioridade para manejo com uso do Kc dual. O uso de 360,8 mm de lâmina de irrigação com o Kc único, proporcionou economia de 9,3% no uso da água quando comparado com o Kc dual, sem afetar significativamente a produtividade. É possível usar o manejo de irrigação com Kc único para as fases I e II do feijão-caupi ‘BRS Pujante’, e o Kc dual para as fases III e IV.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the production efficiency of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), ‘BRS Pujante’, from the weather-based irrigation scheduling using single and dual Kc. The study was carried out in randomized block design with two treatments (single and dual crop coefficient) and 12 replicates. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents, soil matric tension, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, average 100 grains weight, total grain yield and water use efficiency were evaluated. Scheduling with single and dual Kc did not interfere with chlorophyll pigments. Single Kc promoted tension values closer to zero during cowpea development stages III and IV. Significant difference was observed only for the average 100 grains weight, with higher value for dual Kc. The irrigation depth with the single Kc was 360.8 mm and there was a 9.3% water saving when compared to dual Kc, without significantly affecting cowpea yield. It is possible to use irrigation scheduling with single Kc for the stages I and II and dual Kc for the stages III and IV of cowpea, ‘BRS Pujante’.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the performance, egg quality, relative weight of the gastrointestinal organs, and the intestinal morphometry of laying quails fed diets containing levels of dried cassava residue (DCR). A total of 120 150-day-old Japanese quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0.0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; and 10.0% of DCR), four replicates, and six birds per experimental unit. The dietary inclusion of DCR did not affect (p>0.05) performance, internal egg quality, yolk color, and the values of villus height, crypt depth, and villus height/crypt depth ratio for the segments of the small intestine. However, a linear increase (p<0.05) was found for eggshell thickness, relative weight of the gizzard, and small intestine with increased dietary levels of the residue. For the relative weight of the pancreas, a quadratic effect (p<0.05) was observed, with the lower relative weight estimated at 4.04% DCR inclusion. Comparing to the control group (0% of DRC inclusion) the quails fed 5% of DRC showed a lower relative weight of the pancreas. The inclusion of up to 10% of dried cassava residue in laying quail’s diets does not interfere with the performance. Among the organs of gastrointestinal tract, the inclusion of dried cassava residue increased the relative weight of gizzard and small intestine. In addition, it improves eggshell quality by increasing eggshell thickness.

ABSTRACT: Irrigated agriculture has emerged as a necessary technology to achieve greater productivity, mainly by supplying the water requirements of agricultural crops in critical periods, especially for those regions where natural rainfall is insufficient to meet these requirements. The daily water consumption of crops is strongly influenced by local weather conditions, which justifies the need for regionalized studies of the parameters influencing the water depth to be applied. The crop coefficient (Kc) is perhaps the most important parameter because it interferes directly with the crop water requirements. This index must be determined for each region, thus avoiding the use of reference values meant for other climatic conditions, causing loss of productivity The present study aimed to estimate the local crop coefficients for corn (Zea mays L.) for the climatic conditions of the State of Maranhão, aiming at the rational use of water in agriculture. The method, which allowed obtaining the local values of Kc for different phases of the crop cycle, used climatic data from 12 weather stations (INMET) and mathematical equations proposed by Albuquerque et al. (2001). It estimated the mean and final Kc values. The local values of Kc obtained for corn ranged from 0.73 to 0.77, 1.00 to 1.31, and 0.24 to 0.45 for initial, intermediate, and final phases, respectively.

RESUMO O feijão caupi possui grande importância sócioeconômica para o nordeste paraense, porém, a região necessita de informações seguras quanto demanda hídrica, para promover um manejo adequado de irrigação no período considerado mais seco do ano. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar a demanda hídrica, coeficiente da cultura (Kc) e fator de desacoplamento nos diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento do feijão caupi no nordeste paraense. Com a evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), obtida por meio de lisímetros de drenagem, e a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) foram obtidos os coeficientes de cultura (Kc), utilizados posteriormente, para ajustar modelos em função dos graus dias acumulados (GD) e índice de área foliar (IAF), o fator de desacoplamento foi estimado para indicar os fatores que estão governando a evapotranspiração. Os valores de ETc atingiram um total acumulado, durante o ciclo do feijão caupi, de 267,73 mm ± 10,21 mm. O valor médio do fator de desacoplamento foi 0,66 indicando que a cultura do feijão-caupi não desacopla totalmente da atmosfera nas condições climáticas do nordeste paraense. O Kc do feijão caupi apresentou valor médio de 0,8, 1,4 e 0,8 na fase vegetativa, fase reprodutiva e estádio final, respectivamente. O modelo Gaussiano apresentou ótimo ajuste para a estimativa dos valores Kc em função dos graus-dia acumulados e do IAF. Tais valores se diferenciam de alguns encontrados na literatura, o que reforça a necessidade de estudos relacionados a consumo hídrico, assim como coeficiente de cultura, em condições locais e por métodos precisos.

ABSTRACT Cowpea has great socioeconomic importance in the northeastern part of Pará state. However, in order to provide suitable irrigation management during the dry period this region requires solid information regarding water demand by regional crops. This research aims to determine the water demand, the crop coefficient (Kc) and the uncoupling factor during the different development stages of cowpea in the northeast of Pará. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was measured by drainage lysimeters. This information was coupled to the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to obtain the crop coefficients, which were used to adjust the model function of accumulated degree-days and the leaf area index (LAI). The uncoupling factor was estimated to indicate the factors that control evapotranspiration. The ETc values reached a cumulative total of 267.73 mm ± 10.21 mm during the cowpea cycle. The average value of the uncoupling factor was 0.66. This indicates that the cowpea crop does not fully uncouple from the atmosphere underneath the climatic conditions in northeast Pará. The cowpea Kc values presented averages of 0.8, 1.4 and 0.8 in the vegetative phase, reproductive phase and final stage, respectively. The Gaussian model showed an excellent fit for the estimation of Kc values based on accumulated degree days and the LAI. These amounts differ from others found in the literature. Therefore, it reinforces the necessity for an assessment of crop coefficients under local conditions and for the employment of more precise methods.

ABSTRACT Time of exposure and light intensity rearing house may affect the performance and egg quality of laying quails. This research aimed at evaluating the live performance, egg quality, biometry of the reproductive system, and the gastrointestinal tract of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to artificial light-emitting diodes (LED) of different colors in comparison with fluorescent lamps. A total of 240 Japanese quails were distributed in completely randomized experimental design with four treatments (fluorescent lamp, and green, red, or blue LED lamps) with six replicates of 10 birds each. Average egg weight and eggshell thickness were different (p<0.05) when LED bulbs were compared with fluorescent lamps. The egg weight of the birds exposed to the red LED was similar to those under a fluorescent lamp (p>0.05). The oviduct of 64-d-old hens exposed to green LED lighting was shorter (p<0.05) than those exposed to the fluorescent lamp. Red LED can be used to replace the fluorescent lamps, as they promote the same live performance, egg quality, and morphological development of the reproductive tract of laying Japanese quails.