Abstract This study aimed to elaborate a sequential sampling plan for C. capitata in commercial orchards of guava. 90 McPhail traps were randomly installed in three guava orchards in a transverse direction for 23 weeks. The data were submitted to sequential probability ratio test. Adopted the average of 0.3 C. capitata for the level of security and 0.7 for the control action. In this sequential sampling plan was defined the average number of 0.40 adults of C. capitata for each trap McPhail (sample). The sequential plan generated is unprecedented and will contribute to the rapid and safe decision making in the control of C. capitata population in guava farming.

Abstract: This study aimed to know the patterns of spatial distribution of Anastrepha spp. and establish a criterion for determining the appropriate time for pest control. For this, 90 McPhail traps were used as Sampling Units (SU) divided into three commercial orchards of Novo Milênio guava with a total area of 14 ha. Traps were interspersed between the rows of plants, systematically in the orchards, hung and baited with 5% hydrolyzed corn protein with weekly collections. We caught 8,170 Anastrepha spp. in 840 SU. The mean infestation index was compared to the three types of distribution: random, uniform, aggregate, and fit by the theoretical frequency distributions of Poisson, negative binomial and positive binomial. The populations of Anastrepha presented aggregate distribution according to the mean variance method (I), tested by distance from randomness. The economic damage risk potential of Anastrepha spp. was associated with the aggregate distribution behavior. The most appropriate moment for the use of control techniques is when reaching 20 flies by the negative binomial. On the other hand, number of fruit fly adults per trap per day (FTD), underestimates population index, which will allow population growth, leading to risk of crop production loss.

Abstract This study aimed to elaborate a sequential sampling plan for Anastrepha species in commercial orchards of guava Psidium guajava Novo Milênio cultivar. Samplings were carried out in three orchards in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Fruit flies were sampled for 23 weeks. Data were subjected to the sequential probability ratio test. We adopted the mean of 0.3 Anastrepha individuals for the safety level and 0.7 for the control level and the observed frequency was adjusted to the negative binomial expected frequency (Bn) for the equation of the line. The condition of adopting a control method recommended by S1 = 6.5554 + 0.5362n was observed in the upper line. In turn, the lower line, which does not require the use of a control method, is defined by So = -2.8229 + 0.5362n. The sequential sampling plan predicted the expected maximum number of 37 sampling units to decide whether or not to use control method(s). This sequential plan was defined with mean number of 0.54 adults for each McPhail trap unit (sample). The sequential plan generated is unprecedented and will contribute to the rapid and safe decision making in the control of Anastrepha species of economic importance in guava farming.

As respostas de Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) para armadilhas com adultos foram estudadas como sugestão da produção de feromônio. Inicialmente, um ensaio para estabelecer a altura adequada para colocação de armadilhas para capturar D. speciosa foi conduzido em campo de feijão. Armadilhas colocadas a 0,25 m de altura capturaram cerca de 3,5 vezes mais adultos do que a 0,5; 0,75 e 1,0 m. As respostas para fêmeas e machos virgens de duas idades (mais novos = 24 a 72h e mais velhos = 72 a 120h após emergência de adultos), fêmeas e machos copulados foram avaliadas em campo de feijão consorciado com café, Coffea arabica L. Armadilhas com fêmeas virgens capturaram cerca de 22 (mais jovens) e 13 vezes (mais velhas) mais adultos machos do que as testemunhas (armadilhas sem insetos). Capturas foram cerca de 70% mais efetivas usando fêmeas mais jovens. Nenhum dos outros tratamentos aumentou as capturas nas armadilhas. Os resultados indicam que há um feromônio sexual produzido por fêmeas em D. speciosa.

The field responses of Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) to traps baited with adults were studied as an suggestion of the pheromone production. Firstly, an assay to settle a suitable height placement to capture D. speciosa was carried out in common beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., field. Traps placed at 0.25-m height captured ca. 3.5 times more beetles than 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0-m traps. The responses to virgin females and males of two ages (younger = 24 to 72h and older = 72 to 120h after adult emergence), mated females and males were assessed in common bean interplanted among coffee, Coffea arabica L., field. Virgin females baited traps captured ca. 22 times (younger) and 13 times (older females) more male beetles than control traps. Captures were ca. 70% more effective using younger females. None of the other treatments improved trap attraction. These results strongly indicated that there is a female-produced sexual pheromone in D. speciosa.

Cinco enaminonas 4a-e, derivadas da reação do ânion da 2,4,4-trimetil-2-oxazolina com acetato de etila, benzoato de etila, ciclohexanoato de etila, hexanoato de etila e p-metil benzoato de etila, respectivamente, foram preparadas e caracterizadas por RMN¹H, RMN13C, FTIR e EM. As enaminonas 4a e 4b também foram analisadas pela técnica de difração de raios-X. A enaminona 4a cristalizou-se no sistema monoclínico P2(1)/n, grupo espacial com a = 9.1450(20) Å, b = 10.5150(20) Å, c = 9.5670(20) Å, beta = 106.21(30)°, Z = 4. A enaminona 4b cristalizou-se no sistema monoclínico P2(1)/c, grupo espacial com a = 16.0520(30) Å, b= 26.0460(50) Å, c = 12.3520 (20) Å, beta= 111.900(30)°, Z = 4. Todas as cinco enaminonas possuem uma extensa delocalização de elétrons pi e a mesma configuração para a ligação dupla, a qual é fixada por ponte de hidrogênio intramolecular entre os grupamentos NH e C=O.

Five enaminones 4a-e derived from the reaction of 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-oxazoline anion with ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl cyclohexanoate, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl p-methyl benzoate, respectively, were obtained and characterized by 13C-NMR, ¹H-NMR, FTIR, and mass spectral analysis. The enaminones 4a and 4b were also analysed by X-ray diffraction. Enaminone 4a crystallized in the monoclinic P2(1)/n space group with a = 9.1450(20) Å, b = 10.5150(20) Å, c = 9.5670 (20) Å, beta= 106.21(30)°, Z = 4. Enaminone 4b crystallized in the monoclinic P2(1)/c space group with a = 16.0520(30) Å, b = 26.0460(50) Å, c = 12.3520 (20) Å, beta = 111.900(30)°, Z = 4. All five enaminones were found to have an extensive pi electron delocalization and to have the same configuration where the double bond is trapped by an internal hydrogen bond between the NH and the C=O.

O acetato de (3E,5Z)-dodecadienila, feromônio sexual da lagarta enroladeira da maçã, Bonagota cranaodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), foi estereosseletivamente sintetizado empregando-se uma metodologia envolvendo o acoplamento de Z-alquenil cuprato com 4-iodo-3-butin-1-ol, como etapa chave.

A stereoselective synthesis of (3E,5Z)-dodecadienyl acetate, the sex pheromone of the leafroller moth Bonagota cranaodes, was efficiently carried out using a methodology based on the coupling of Z-alkenyl cuprate with 4-iodo-3-butyn-1-ol in the key step.