Abstract This work aimed to compare the production of collagenolytic proteases produced by M. subtilissimus UCP1262 in submerged fermentation (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) as well as extracting in aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). Collagenolytic protease production was performed in using MS-2 culture medium (SF) and soybean bran as substrate (SSF). Subsequently, the fermented liquid from both fermentations were used for the extraction of enzyme by ATPS, it was verified the influence of different variables from a factorial design 23. In SSF the highest protease and collagenolytic activities were achieved with 362.66 U/mL and 179.81 U/mL, respectively. When compared with SF (26.33 and 18.70 U/mL) higher values were obtained in the activities. The protease partitioning from SF and SSF in ATPS showed a similar profile showing higher affinity for the polymer rich phase. The highest value for the response variable purification factor (3.49) was obtained in the system using SSF. Thus, SSF shows promise as a bioprocess for extracellular production of collagenolytic proteases, using of soybean bran as substrate had used sustainable raw material, aiming application this possible enzyme in the treatment of burns and postoperative scarring.

Abstract This work aims to carry out an analysis of the evolution of the civil defense protection policy in Brazil, as well as to present an overview of research related to public policies on natural disasters in the world. The research was developed by documentary analysis of Brazilian policies on the protection of civil defense and bibliometric analysis of the global data. The evolution of public policy on natural disasters in Brazil was divided into four different moments: a) military civil defense (1942-1946), b) disaster assistance policy (1967-1988), c) Civil Defense system in construction (1988-2005), and d) consolidation of the civil defense system (2005- to the present). The structuring of public policy reflected in 4 different stages in relation to the recording of information about disasters. Bibliometric analysis showed that the first works related to public civil defense policies in the world appeared only in 1980, and are mainly concentrated in the United States, which accounts for 42.56% of the works, while Brazil is the 6th country with 3.76% of global searches. Thus, it is possible to conclude that public policies and databases have a recent evolution both in Brazil and in the world, especially in developing countries.

Abstract Humic substances are increasingly being used as biostimulants and may even benefit the development of forage peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo MG 100), a promising species for the recovery of degraded pastures. The study aimed to evaluate different concentrations of humic substances extracted from vermicompost from cattle manure on growth and nutrient content in forage peanut plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design, with five concentrations of humic substance and five replications. The shoot dry matter, root dry matter, the number of nodules, the content of macronutrients in the shoot, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, and quantum efficiency of the photosystem II were evaluated. The addition of humic substances increased the yield and nutrient accumulation of the forage peanut plants. The shoot dry matter responded in a quadratic manner to the addition of humic substances. The concentration of 40 mg L-1 of C increased 45.85% of the number of nodules compared to the control. There were improvements in efficiency of the photosystem II and the accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium by up to 12 % (37.1 to 41.5 mg pot-1), 8.6 % (35.3 to 38.3 mg pot-1), 13.5 % (21.8 to 24.7 mg pot-1) and 7.5 % (9.8 to 10.53 mg pot-1), respectively, in the shoot with the humic substances application, except for the phosphorus accumulation.

Resumen Las sustancias húmicas se utilizan cada vez más como bioestimulantes y pueden también beneficiar el desarrollo del maní forrajero (Arachis pintoi vc. Amarillo MG 100), una especie prometedora para la recuperación de pastos degradados. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de sustancias húmicas extraídas del vermicompost de estiércol de ganado en el crecimiento y contenido de nutrientes en plantas de maní forrajero inoculadas con Bradyrhizobium spp. El experimento se realizó en un invernadero, con un diseño de bloques al azar, cinco concentraciones de sustancia húmica y cinco réplicas. Se evaluó la materia seca del brote, la materia seca de la raíz, el número de nódulos, el contenido de macronutrientes en el brote, el contenido de clorofila total, la relación clorofila a/b y la eficiencia cuántica del fotosistema II. La adición de sustancias húmicas aumentó el rendimiento y la acumulación de nutrientes de las plantas de maní forrajero. La materia seca de los brotes respondió de forma cuadrática a la adición de sustancias húmicas. La concentración de 40 mg L-1 de C aumentó en 45.85 % el número de nódulos en comparación con el control. Hubo mejoras en la eficiencia del fotosistema II y la acumulación de nitrógeno, potasio, calcio y magnesio hasta en 12 % (37.1 a 41.5 mg maceta-1), 8.6 % (35.3 a 38.3 mg maceta-1), 13.5 % (21.8 a 24.7 mg maceta-1) y 7.5 % (9.8 a 10.53 mg maceta-1), respectivamente, en el brote con la aplicación de sustancias húmicas, excepto en la acumulación de fósforo.

RESUMO Um cachorro-vinagre (Speothos venaticus) apresentou um nódulo cutâneo pequeno na região perianal. Histologicamente havia neoplasia cutânea de células redondas e ulcerada, constituída por mastócitos bem diferenciados, com abundantes grânulos citoplasmáticos metacromáticos na coloração de Giemsa e infiltrado eosinofílico difuso. A imuno-histoquímica demonstrou que 30% das células neoplásicas eram positivas para a proteína Kit no citoplasma e na membrana celular. As células foram negativas para MAC e CD3. Menos de 10% das células neoplásicas foram positivas para Ki67. Durante a necropsia, foram identificados outros tumores primários, como adenoma intestinal, adenoma cortical da adrenal e tumor de células intersticiais do testículo.

ABSTRACT A senile male captive bush dog (Speothos venaticus) presented a small perianal cutaneous nodule. Histologically, there was an ulcerated round cell tumor composed of well differentiated mast cells with abundant intracytoplasmic purple Giemsa-positive granules, with a diffuse eosinophilic infiltrate. Immunohistochemistry revealed that 30% of the neoplastic cells were positive for Kit in the cytoplasm and cell membrane, and all neoplastic cells were negative for MAC and CD3. Less than 10% of the neoplastic cells were positive for Ki67. At necropsy other primary tumors were identified in this animal, including an intestinal adenoma, an adrenal cortex adenoma and a testicular interstitial cell tumor.

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou investigar os efeitos de uma formulação em gel da associação da Plectranthus neochilus e da Cnidoscolus quercifolius no processo de reparação tecidual em feridas cutâneas de ratos. Foi induzida uma ferida cirúrgica em 35 ratos Wistar, sendo tratadas de acordo com os grupos: G1 - fitoterápico comercial; G2 - gel de carbopol 1%; G3, G4 e G5 - formulação gel boldo-gambá mais favela (FGBF) 2,5%, 5% e 10%, respectivamente. Aplicou-se 1mL do produto, via tópica, diariamente, durante 14 dias. Na avaliação macroscópica das feridas, verificou-se inflamação, granulação e epitelização em todos os grupos. O grupo FGBF 2,5% apresentou maior potencial angiogênico. Houve diferença significativa entre as áreas cirúrgicas das feridas tratadas com os FGBF 2,5%, 5% ou 10%, comparados ao grupo com o gel fitoterápico comercial. Na histomorfometria da pele, observou-se reepitelização da epiderme e da derme superficial, fibras colágenas longitudinais, fibroblastos e vasos sanguíneos e, na derme profunda, fibroblastos, fibras colágenas transversais e longitudinais, vasos sanguíneos e células inflamatórias. A formulação a 2,5% teve o maior aumento na proliferação de fibroblastos e mais intensa colagenização no dia 14 de tratamento.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a gel formulation from the association of Plectranthus neochilus and Cnidoscolus quercifolius on tissue repair in cutaneous wounds in rats. A surgical wound was induced in 35 Wistar rats and treated according to group: G1 - commercial phytotherapeutic gel; G2 - Carbopol gel 1%; G3, 4, 5 - gel formulation from Boldo-gambá and Favela (FGBF) at 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. 1ml of the product was applied topically daily, for 14 days. Macroscopic evaluation of the wound showed inflammation, granulation, and epithelization in all groups. The FGBF 2.5% group showed greater angiogenic potential. There was a significant difference between the surgical area of the wounds treated with FGBF 2.5%, 5%, or 10% compared to the group with the commercial phytotherapeutic gel. On histomorphometry of the skin, there were reepithelization of the epidermis and superficial dermis, longitudinal collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and blood vessels, and in the deeper dermis, fibroblasts, transverse and longitudinal collagen fibers, blood vessels, and inflammatory cells. The 2.5% formulation had the greatest increase in fibroblast proliferation and most intense collagenization on day 14 of treatment.

RESUMO A dioctofimose é a doença causada pelo Dioctophyma renale, um nemátodo grande, popularmente chamado de verme gigante do rim e que tem como hospedeiro definitivo o cão doméstico e inúmeras espécies de mamíferos silvestres. Existem alguns relatos do parasitismo do lobo-guará por D. renale, contudo, na maioria das vezes, os relatos se restringem apenas ao achado do parasita durante a necropsia, sem a correlação clínica. O presente relato objetiva descrever os aspectos clínico-terapêuticos, ultrassonográficos e patológicos do parasitismo por D. renale em um lobo-guará de vida livre, enfatizando o tratamento com uma associação de doramectina, praziquantel, pamoato de pirantel e febantel, o que resultou na eliminação completa do parasita.

ABSTRACT Dioctophymosis is the disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, a large nematode, popularly known as giant kidney worm, and whose definitive hosts are the domestic dog and many wild mammal species. There are some reports of maned wolf parasitism by D. renale, however, in most cases the reports are restricted to the finding of the parasite during necropsy, without clinical assessment. The present report aimed to describe the clinical-therapeutic, ultrasonographic and pathological aspects of D. renale parasitism in a free-ranging maned wolf, emphasizing the treatment with an association of doramectin, praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, and febantel that resulted in complete elimination of the parasite.

Abstract This study evaluated the ability of resistance training (RT) of moderate intensity to promote vascular changes in insulin-induced vasodilation in healthy animals. Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control (CON) and trained (eight weeks of training, performing 3 sets with 10 repetitions at 60% of maximum intensity). Forty-eight hours after the last session of the RT, the animals were sacrificed and vascular reactivity to insulin in the absence and presence of LY294002 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3K), L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors) and BQ123 (endothelin A antagonist (ET-A) receptor). In addition, phenylephrine (Phe)-induced vasoconstriction in the absence and presence of L-NAME was also evaluated. The RT group showed greater vasodilation in maximal response compared to the CON group. After PI3K inhibition, vasodilation was reduced in both groups. However, when the NOS participation was evaluated, the RT group showed contraction in relation to the CON group, which was abolished by BQ123. In addition, the RT group had an increase in nitrite levels compared to the CON group. When the Phe response was evaluated, there was a reduction in tension in the RT group compared to the CON group. The results suggest that RT improves vascular reactivity.

ABSTRACT The alternative use of plant essential oils as pesticide, repellent and/or antifeedant has been emphasized as an important tool in integrated pest management (IPM), promoted by the growing interest in methods that fulfil requirements of efficiency, safety, selectivity, technically feasible and environmentally safe. The objective of this work was to determine the pesticide potential of essential oils of rosemary pepper (Lippia origanoides Kunth; Verbenaceae), citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt; Poaceae) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus [DC.] Stapf; Poaceae) to control fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith]; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ovicidal, larvicidal and pupicidal activity was evaluated with five dosages (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% v/v) and a negative control (neutral detergent at 5.0% v/v). Unhatched eggs, mortality of caterpillars and non-emerged adults were recorded using ovicidal and pupicidal percentage, and median lethal doses (LD50) to caterpillars. The essential oils showed insecticidal activity on the egg, caterpillar 3rd instars and pupae stages, highlighting the rapid action and high mortality rates caused by the L. origanoides essential oil, which registered, at lowest dosage, average 97.8% ovicidal activity and 81.3% pupicidal activity; in addition to LD50 on 3rd instar caterpillars, 0.001% by exposure and 0.033% by topical application. Essential oils of C. citratus and C. winterianus required longer periods to act and caused significant mortality on the three stages, registering LD50 0.008% and 0.159% for exposure, and 1.151% and 1.348% for topical application, respectively. Citronella oil caused behavioral changes in caterpillars, which reflected flight and aggressiveness. Therefore, these three essential oils can be an alternative for management of fall armyworm, with the potential to hinder and reduce its biotic potential.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial behavior of polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy-NPs) in water against biofilm producer or not S. aureus isolated from cows and goats with mastitis. One hundred and thirty-eight isolates of S. aureus were initially evaluated for biofilm formation by spectrophotometry in microplates. In addition, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of PPy-NPs in water for planktonic S. aureus were determined. From the bovine samples analyzed, 5 (4.46%) S. aureus isolates showed a strong biofilm production, 17 (15.18%) moderate production, 36 (32.14%) with weak production and 54 (48.21%) did not produce biofilms. Strains from goats (26) showed no biofilm production in 18 (69.23%) strains and weak biofilm production in 8 (30.76%) strains. The MIC and MBC of S. aureus to PPy-NPs were found in the same concentration (125µɡ/mL) in all strains tested, regardless of biofilm production or not. This finding provides a new insight into the interaction between PPy-NPs and S. aureus, and will offer potential benefits for the control of mastitis.

RESUMO A fim de avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses da rbST sobre a dinâmica folicular, a produção e a maturação in vitro de oócitos, 20 vacas Sindi, divididas em três grupos, receberam um dispositivo de progesterona intravaginal, estradiol e PGF2α, além de 2mL de solução salina (grupo controle), 250 (grupo rbST 250) ou 500mg de rbST (grupo rbST 500). Cinco dias depois, realizou-se a ovum pick up, e os complexos cumulus-oócitos (CCOs) recuperados foram selecionados, classificados e maturados in vitro. Os dados de contagem foram comparados pelo procedimento glht (General Linear Hypothesis Test), e os dados em porcentagem foram submetidos ao qui-quadrado, no programa estatístico R, onde as diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P<0,05. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos quanto à quantidade de folículos e à taxa de maturação. Os grupos rbST 250 e rbST 500 foram significativamente superiores (P<0,05) ao grupo controle em relação ao número de folículos grandes (0,42±0,20 vs. 0). O grupo rbST 500 apresentou maior (P<0,05) porcentagem de oócitos viáveis (91,52%) do que os grupos controle (67,85%) e rbST 250 (53,33%). A rbST aumenta o número de folículos grandes, e 500mg de rbST aumentam a porcentagem de oócitos viáveis em vacas Sindi.

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the effect of different doses of rbST on the follicular dynamics, production, and in vitro maturation of oocytes, 20 Sindhi cows were divided into three groups, receiving an intravaginal progesterone device, estradiol and PGF2α, and 2mL of solution saline (Control Group), 250 (rbST 250 Group) or 500mg rbST (rbST 500 Group). Five days later, the ovum pick up was performed, and the cumulus-oocyte (CCO) complexes recovered were selected, classified, and matured in vitro. The counting data were compared by the glht (General Linear Hypothesis Test) procedure, and the percentage data were submitted to Qui- square, in the statistical program R, where differences were considered significant when P< 0.05. There was no difference (P> 0.05) between the groups regarding follicle quantity and maturation rate. The rbST 250 and rbST 500 groups were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the Control group in relation to the number of large follicles (0.42±0.20 versus 0). The rbST 500 group presented higher (P< 0.05) percentage of viable oocytes (91.52%) than the Control (67.85%) and rbST 250 (53.33%) groups. rbST increases the number of large follicles and 500mg rbST increases the percentage of viable oocytes in Sindhi cows.

Abstract This study evaluated whether resistance training (RT) could prevent glucocorticoid-induced vascular changes. Wistar rats were divided into groups: control (CO), dexamethasone (DEX), and Dexamethasone+RT (DEX+RT). On the eighth week, dexamethasone was administered in the DEX and DEX+RT groups. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were used to assess the lipid profile, glucose and insulin. Vascular reactivity to insulin and phenylephrine (Phe) were evaluated. The DEX+RT group presented an improvement in the lipid profile, fasting glucose, and insulin levels compared to the DEX group. In addition, vasodilation was reduced in the DEX group compared to the CO group, and was increased in the DEX+RT group. After inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, DEX group showed contraction, in which it was in the DEX + RT group. When nitric oxide synthase (NOS) participation was evaluated, the DEX group presented a contraction compared to the CO group, with no contractile effect in the DEX+RT group. Moreover, vasoconstriction caused by NOS inhibition was abolished by BQ123 (endothelin receptor antagonist). In respect Phe response, there was an increase in tension in the DEX group compared to the CO group, being reduced in the DEX+RT group. The results suggest that RT prevented damage to vascular reactivity.

RESUMO A ordem dos Passeriformes é uma das mais pressionadas pelas ações antrópicas, especialmente as relativas ao tráfico de animais, que, devido às más condições de manejo e higiênico-sanitárias, favorecem a infecção dos espécimes por patógenos virulentos e zoonóticos, como cepas de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp., cujo isolamento em suabes cloacais, bem como a análise dos genes de virulência das cepas de E. coli foram objetivos do estudo. Para isso, 120 Passeriformes silvestres nativos, recebidos pelo Cetas/CE, foram avaliados individualmente. As cepas isoladas foram submetidas a teste de disco difusão para determinação da sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Em etapa posterior, foi realizada PCR para a detecção de oito genes de virulência dos principais patotipos diarreiogênicos de E. coli. Quanto aos resultados, nenhuma cepa de Salmonella spp. foi isolada, no entanto a ocorrência de E. coli foi de 40,8%. Foi observada elevada resistência, principalmente aos antimicrobianos tetraciclina, ampicilina e sulfazotrim, ocorrendo multirresistência em 42,8% das cepas. Pela análise molecular, foram diagnosticados quatro entre os nove genes pesquisados, com a identificação de EPEC típicas, EPEC atípicas, ETEC, EHEC e EAEC. Os resultados apontam para a importância de Passeriformes como possíveis disseminadores de zoonoses.

ABSTRACT The order Passeriformes is one of the most pressured by anthropic actions, especially those related to animal trafficking. Due to poor sanitary and hygienic conditions, the infection of the specimens is favored by virulent and zoonotic pathogens such as strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., whose isolation in cloacal swabs as well as the analysis of the virulence genes of E. coli strains were the objectives of the study. For this, 120 native wild Passeriformes, received by CETAS/CE were individually evaluated. The isolated strains were submitted to diffusion disc test to determine sensitivity to antimicrobials. In a later stage, PCR was performed for the detection of eight virulence genes from the main E. coli diarrhoeagenic pathogens. Regarding the results, no strain of Salmonella spp. was isolated; however, the occurrence of E. coli was 40.8%. High resistance was observed, mainly to the antimicrobials Tetracycline, Ampicillin and Sulfazotrim, with multi-resistance in 42.8% of the strains. By molecular analysis, four of the nine genes were diagnosed, identifying typical EPEC, atypical EPEC, ETEC, EHEC and EAEC. The results point to the importance of Passeriformes as possible disseminators of zoonoses.

ABSTRACT Exercise dependence is characterized by a craving to engage in physical exercise in free time - either as part of another disorder or as an end in itself, resulting in an emotional and time commitment. Thus, the objective of this research was to investigate the association and similarity of exercise dependence and body image traits among military Brazilian students of physical education. Participated in the study 45 students of the Physical Education Instructor Course of the Physical Education School of the Army, all men. The Brazilian versions of the Exercise Dependence Scale, Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale, Social Physics Anxiety Scale and Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale were voluntarily answered by the participants at the beginning of the course. About 70% of the sample was characterized as risk of non-dependence symptomatic and 18% risk of muscular dysmorphia. Cluster analysis indicated five groups of similar factors. The first, formed exclusively by the exercise dependence factors. The second, formed by factors of exercise dependence, physical appearance perfectionism and social physique anxiety. The third group consists only of muscular dysmorphic factors. The fourth, by exercise dependency factors and the factor hope for perfection. Finally, the fifth cluster was formed exclusively by the factors of the drive for muscularity. We hope this research can support other longitudinal, experimental, and cross-cultural studies.

RESUMO A dependência do exercício se caracteriza pela ânsia em praticar exercício físico no tempo livre - seja como parte de um outro transtorno seja como fim em si mesmo, que resulta em um comprometimento emocional e de tempo destinado a essa prática. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a associação e dissimilaridade da dependência do exercício com dos traços da imagem corporal entre estudantes brasileiros militares de educação física. Participaram do estudo 45 alunos do Curso de Instrutor de Educação Física da Escola de Educação Física do Exército, todos homens. As versões brasileiras da Exercise Dependence Scale, Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale, Social Physique Anxiety Scale e Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale foram voluntariamente respondidos pelos participantes no início do curso. Em torno de 70% da amostra foi caracterizada como risco de não dependência sintomática e 18% em risco de dismorfia muscular. A análise de cluster indicou 5 grupos de fatores similares. O primeiro, formado exclusivamente pelos fatores de dependência do exercício. O segundo, formado por fatores da dependência do exercício, perfeccionismo com a aparência e ansiedade físico social. O terceiro formado apenas por fatores da dismorfia muscular. O quarto, por fatores de dependência do exercício e pelo fator esperança com a perfeição. Por fim, o quinto cluster foi formado exclusivamente pelos fatores do drive for muscularity. Esperamos que esta pesquisa possa subsidiar outras pesquisas longitudinais, experimentais e estudos transculturais.

RESUMEN La dependencia del ejercicio se caracteriza por el ansia en el ejercicio físico en el tiempo libre, sea como parte de otro trastorno o como un fin en sí mismo, que resulta en un compromiso emocional y de tiempo destinado a esa práctica. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue hacer la evaluación de la asociación y la similitud de la dependencia del ejercicio con los rasgos de la imagen corporal entre estudiantes brasileños militares de educación física. Han participado en el estudio 45 estudiantes del Curso de Instructor de Educación Física de la Escola de Educação Física do Exército, todos varones. Las versiones brasileñas de Exercise Dependence Scale, Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale, Social Physicque Anxiety Scale y Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale fueron voluntariamente respondidos por los participantes al inicio del curso. En torno al 70% de la muestra se caracterizó como riesgo de no dependencia sintomática y 18% en riesgo de dismorfia muscular. El análisis de conglomerados indicó cinco grupos de factores similares. El primero, formado exclusivamente por los factores de dependencia del ejercicio. El segundo, formado por factores de la dependencia del ejercicio, perfeccionismo con la apariencia y ansiedad física social. El tercero formado sólo por factores de la dismorfia muscular. El cuarto, por factores de dependencia del ejercicio y por el factor esperanza con la perfección. Por último, el quinto cluster fue formado exclusivamente por los factores del drive formuscularity. Esperamos que esta investigación pueda subsidiar otras investigaciones longitudinales, experimentales y estudios transculturales.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar, em cadáveres de cães, o melhor tempo para fixação em álcool etílico (AE) e conservação em solução aquosa de cloreto de sódio (SACS) a 30% visando o treinamento microcirúrgico. Cadáveres de cinco grupos (G1 a G5) foram fixados com AE e colocados em caixas contendo AE por 30 (G2), 60 (G3), 90 (G4) ou 120 days (G5). Depois, cada grupo foi conservado em SACS 30% por 120 dias. O grupo controle (G1) foi composto de cães sem fixação/conservação. Ao final de cada período, 2 fragmentos da veia jugular externa por cadáver foram coletados para o teste de tração. Imediatamente após a coleta, as veias femorais foram avaliadas (por 2 pessoas) em relação à qualidade da sutura em microscópio cirúrgico binocular, e atribuídos escores de 0 (péssimo) à 5 (excelente), em relação às amostras frescas. A média da força máxima de ruptura no G3 no final da fixação (21,51N), assim como a média do G2 no final da conservação (21,62N) foram as que mais se mantiveram próxima do grupo controle (19,98N) e o G2 foi o grupo com o melhor escore para treinamento da sutura venosa. O AE foi eficiente como fixador assim como a SACS foi efetiva na conservação de cadáveres de cães. A pequena alteração nos valores do teste de tração, junto com o melhor escore para sutura, indicaram o grupo mantido por 30 dias em AE e SACS (G2) como o melhor para treinamento venoso microcirúrgico.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to determine in necropsied dogs the best time for fixation in ethylic alcohol (EA) and preservation in 30% sodium chloride aqueous solution (SCAS 30%), aiming micro-surgical training. Five groups of necropsied dogs (G1 to G5) were fixed with EA, and put in boxes containing EA for 30 (G2), 60 (G3), 90 (G4) or 120 days (G5). After that, each group was preserved in SCAS 30% for 120 days. The control group (G1) was composed by cadavers without fixation/preservation. At the end of each period, two fragments of external jugular vein per cadaver were collected, for traction test. Immediately after the collection, the cadavers femoral veins were evaluated (by 2 people) regarding the suture quality in binocular surgical microscope, and attributed scores from 0 (bad) to 5 (excellent), regarding the fresh samples. The average at the maximum rupture strength of the G3 fixation end (21.51N), such as the average of the G2 preserving end (21.62N) remained closer to the control group (19.98N) and the G2 was the group with the best score for venous suture training. The EA was efficient as a fixative just like SCAS as a dog cadavers’ preservative. The small change of the traction test values, together with the best suture score, indicated the group kept for 30 days in EA and SCAS (G2) as the best for venous micro-surgical training.

ABSTRACT Parasitic isopods of fishes usually show wide distribution and low host specificity. This study investigated the occurrence of gill parasites in 120 specimens of spotted goatfish Pseudupeneus maculatus, marine fish of great economic importance for fishery community. The fish were captured monthly in the Coast of Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil, between October 2012 and September 2013. Eleven isopods were found and identified as Rocinela signata. We observed lower infections in the gills of P. maculatus (prevalence 8.3%, mean intensity 1.6±0.3 and mean abundance 0.1±0.3) when compared to other studies of different host fishes from geographically close locations. This parasite has been reported from a wide variety of fish species, not only in Brazil, but also in the eastern Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. This is the first report of R. signata in spotted goatfish.