O gênero Thylamys Gray, 1843 ocorre na região central e ao sul da América do Sul, habitando vegetações abertas e arbustivas, desde pradarias até florestas de ambientes secos, em contraste à preferência por habitats mais úmidos dos outros gêneros de Didelphidae. O gênero inclui T. elegans (Waterhouse,1839), T. macrurus (Olfers, 1818), T. pallidior (Thomas, 1902), T. pusillus (Desmarest, 1804), T. venustus (Thomas, 1902), T. sponsorius (Thomas, 1921), T. cinderella (Thomas, 1902), T. tatei (Handley, 1957), T. karimii (Petter, 1968) e T. velutinus (Wagner, 1842). Análises filogenéticas anteriores não incluíram a espécie brasileira T. karimii, que apresenta uma ampla distribuição no país. Neste estudo foram feitas análises filogenéticas visando estabelecer a relação entre a espécie brasileira T. karimii e as demais espécies incluídas em outras análises. Foram utilizados fragmentos de 402pb do gene mitocondrial citocromo b. As filogenias foram estimadas pelos métodos de máxima parcimônia (MP), máxima verossimilhança (ML), Análise Bayesiana (BY) e Neighbor-Joining (NJ). As topologias das árvores obtidas nas diferentes análises mostraram-se semelhantes e evidenciaram que T. karimii agrupa-se com as espécies T. pusillus, T. pallidior, T. tatei, and T. elegans, de ambientes secos e áridos. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho sugerem cinco grupos de espécies em Thylamys, dos quais um poderia ser composto pelo grupo-irmão T. velutinus e T. kariimi, o qual seria o clado que colonizou o Brasil.

The genus Thylamys Gray, 1843 lives in the central and southern portions of South America inhabiting open and shrub-like vegetation, from prairies to dry forest habitats in contrast to the preference of other Didelphidae genera for more mesic environments. Thylamys is a speciose genus including T. elegans (Waterhouse, 1839), T. macrurus (Olfers, 1818), T. pallidior (Thomas, 1902), T. pusillus (Desmarest, 1804), T. venustus (Thomas, 1902), T. sponsorius (Thomas, 1921), T. cinderella (Thomas, 1902), T. tatei (Handley, 1957), T. karimii (Petter, 1968), and T. velutinus (Wagner, 1842) species. Previous phylogenetic analyses in this genus did not include the Brazilian species T. karimii, which is widely distributed in this country. In this study, phylogenetic analyses were performed to establish the relationships among the Brazilian T. karimii and all other previously analyzed species. We used 402-bp fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and the phylogeny estimates were conducted employing maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), Bayesian (BY), and neighbor-joining (NJ). The topologies of the trees obtained in the different analyses were all similar and pointed out that T. karimii is the sister taxon of a group constituted of taxa from dry and arid environments named the dryland species. The dryland species consists of T. pusillus, T. pallidior, T. tatei, and T. elegans. The results of this work suggest five species groups in Thylamys. In one of them, T. velutinus and T. kariimi could constitute a sister group forming one Thylamys clade that colonized Brazil.

Com o objetivo de aquilatar a extração dos macro e micronutrientes, com exceção do cloro e do molibdênio, pelo fruto do maracujá amarelo, frutos foram colhidos de 10 a 80 dias de idade e analisados. Observou-se um aumento no peso do fruto até ao final da colheita. Nitrogênio e potássio figuram entre os elementos extraídos em maiores quantidades, 359 mg e 350 mg, respectivamente. Entre os micronutrientes, coube ao zinco a máxima absorção, 936 mg, seguido pelo ferro, 720 mg. O cobre foi absorvido em menor quantidade 72 mg.

In order to obtain basic information on the absorption of macro and micronutrients, passion fruits were sampled from a fertilized plantation every 10 day from the begining of the fruit formation until the age of 80 days. The data presented in tables shown: 1 - the growth of the fruit was very intensive during the first 60 days; 2 - the concentration in N, P, Ca, S, B and M n decreased with the age of the fruit; 3 - the fruit presented at the harvest time: N - 350 mg; K - 350 mg; S - 30 mg; P - 29 mg; Mg - 19 mg; Ca - 19 mg; Zn - 1.290 ug; Mn - 268 ug; B - 194 ug; Cu -72 ug.

The authors carried out 3 experiments on the sampling of sugar cane for technological determinations, one with each of the varieties Co 419, CB 40-69 and CB 41-58, in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brasil. The main intent of the project was to compare 2 methods of sampling, namely: 1) Method A, where the sample is a hill (CATANI et al, 1959) or, more generally, 20 stalks all together in a randomly selected point of the furrow; 2) Method B, where 20 stalks are taken, from 20 points evenly spread but on the whole plot. Coefficients of variation for 20 stalk samples Variety Characteristic 20 stalks per hill 1 stalk per hill Brix 4.8% 1.9% Pol 6.4% 2.5% CB 40-69 Coefficient of purity 2.1% 0.83% Available sucrose 7.3% 2.7% Weight 6.6% 6.9% Brix 5.3% 1.8% Pol 7.6% 2.6% Co 419 Coefficient of purity 2.9% 1.0% Available sucrose 8.6% 3.0% Weight 21.2% 6.5% Brix 2.8% 1.4% Pol 4.1% 1.9% CB 41-58 Coefficient of purity 1.8% 0.8% Available sucrose 5.0% 2.2% Weight 10.9% 6.2% For the 3 varieties studied and for the data on Brix, pol, coefficient of purity, available sucrose and weight, analyses of variance were carried out. Further computations led to the following coefficients of variation. For available sucrose, which is probably the most important characteristic studied, the average coefficient of variation for the 3 varieties was 2.7%, for the case of method B, that is, 20 stalk samples, one stalk per hill. Assuming this coefficient of variation, in a trial with 5 treatments and 6 replications, in randomised blocks, the least significant difference among treatment means, at the 5% level, would be 4.7% of available sucrose by Tukey's test, and 3.3% by the t test. For the case of method A the average coefficient of variation is 7.0% and, in similar conditions, the least significant difference would be 15.1% by Tukey's test, and 12.1% by the t test. Since differences of available sucrose among treatments in experiments with fertilizers seldom are higher than 3 or 4% of the mean (PIMENTEL GOMES & CARDOSO, 1958), method B with a 20 stalk sample per plot gives more or less the minimum amount of cane to be sampled for technological determinations. In experiments with varieties, however, where differences may be assumed to be higher, a sample of 10 to 20 stalks one per hill, can be enough.

I. This paper deals with an experiment carried out to evaluate the effect of the sugar cane upper end on the composition of the sugar cane harvest as a raw material for the sugar industry. The variety studied was Co 421. The authors intend to study other varieties in the future. The data were collected from plant cane, at intervals of two weeks, always from the same field, from a small central area of 3.000 square meters approximately. Sixty (60) stalks were cut in each occasion, randomly chosen from the whole area. They were afterwards separated into three groups of 20 stalks, one for each of the treatments, namely: a) Complete stalks, with no leaves or sheaths. b) Stalks harvested by the technique of REYNOSO, that is, as usually done in practice. c) Stalks with the tops completely cut out, that is, cut by technique of REYNOSO and then with 3 other top internodes eliminated. The treatments caused significant differences on the following technological characteristics: a) Weight b) Cane pol c) Available sucrose (pol) per cent cane d) Cane juice pol e) Saline coefficient of juice. II. Except for weight, all changes were favorable to treatment c, even if with differences relatively slight, in percentage. IIII. Treatment differences for cane fiber, brix, reducing sugars, juice ashes, coefficient of purity and glucose coefficient were not significant. IV. Time of harvest was an important factor affecting the composition of the cane and of the juice. V. On the average the available sucrose of cane for treatments, with an standard error of 0.13%, was: Treatment c 13.05% Treatment b 12.65% Treatment a 12.53% This shows that there is no sound basis for the heavy fines applied by some sugar mills to planters who do not cut low enough the tops of the cane stalks.