ABSTRACT Diets with high energy density and additives that enhance energy use are necessary for finishing feedlot cattle. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance, ingestive behavior, apparent digestibility of the diet and the carcass traits of feedlot steers fed concentrates from different energy sources, one derived from starchy sources and the other, from lipid sources, combined or not with whole soy lecithin, at a dose of 40 g animal day-1. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The combination of whole soy lecithin with the lipid energy source concentrate increased the dry matter digestibility and the carcass yield of the animals (76.03% and 57.20%, respectively). The lipid energy source concentrate showed higher ether extract digestibility and animals fed on it had higher carcass yield (84.18% and 56.85%, respectively). Whole soy lecithin promoted a reduction in fecal pH due to a greater fermentation of carbohydrates and fatty acids in the intestinal lumen. Using whole soy lecithin combined with energy concentrate from a lipid source is recommended due to its improvements in the use of the diet and in the carcass yield.

RESUMO O uso de dietas com alta densidade energética e aditivos que potencializem o aproveitamento energético se faz necessário na terminação de bovinos em confinamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho, o comportamento ingestivo, a digestibilidade aparente da dieta e as características de carcaça de novilhos confinados, alimentados com concentrados de diferentes fontes energéticas, um derivado de fontes amiláceas e outro de fontes lipídicas, associados ou não com lecitina integral de soja, na dose de 40g animal dia-1. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2. A associação da lecitina integral de soja com o concentrado de fonte energética lipídica melhorou a digestibilidade da matéria seca e o rendimento de carcaça dos animais (76,03% e 57,20%, respectivamente). O concentrado de fonte energética lipídica teve maior digestibilidade do extrato etéreo, e os animais alimentados com este possuíram maior rendimento de carcaça (84,18% e 56,85%, respectivamente). A lecitina integral de soja isolada promoveu redução no pH fecal em virtude de uma maior fermentação de carboidratos e ácidos graxos no lúmen intestinal. Utilizar lecitina integral de soja associada com concentrado energético de fonte lipídica é recomendado devido a suas melhorias no aproveitamento da dieta e no rendimento de carcaça.

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic may affect youth’s physical and mental well-being, partially because of the countries’ rules to contain the virus from spreading. However, there is still uncertainty about the impact of physical distancing on youth’s mental health. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of feeling agitated, anxious, down, sad, or low mood (FNF) due to physical distance measures and verify which factors are associated with young Portuguese and Brazilian people. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the instrument “COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion” in Portugal (March 2020 and September 2021) and from “COVID-19 Social Thermometer” in Brazil (August 2020 to April 2021); these surveys included data regarding the health and socioeconomic impact on the population. The health and sociodemographic variables of the two countries were summarized as absolute and relative frequencies. A multivariable logistic regression model was fit by country to estimate the relation between FNF and selected variables of interest. Results: Approximately 36% of the sample studied reported anxiety, agitation, sadness, or low mood almost every day in Portugal and 52% in Brazil due to physical distancing. In Portugal, having more than two comorbidities represented a greater chance of experiencing FNF every day or almost every day (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51 [CI: 1.22-1.87]) than those without comorbidities. In contrast, having a university education level represented a protector factor (OR = 0.76 [CI: 0.67-0.88]). In Brazil, being unemployed increased the chance of FNF compared to students (OR = 11.2). Conclusions: Physical distancing measures have impacted the mental well-being of the young population in Portugal and Brazil. The countries must make a quick effort to attend to and protect young people’s well-being and mental health in the changing context of the current pandemic.

Resumo Introdução: A pandemia do COVID-19 pode afetar o bem-estar físico e mental dos jovens, em parte por causa das regras dos países para conter a propagação do vírus. No entanto, ainda há incerteza sobre o impacto do distanciamento físico na saúde mental dos jovens. Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de sentir-se agitado, ansioso, deprimido ou triste (FNF) devido a medidas de distância física e verificar quais fatores estão associados a jovens portugueses e brasileiros. Métodos: Utilizamos dados transversais do instrumento “COVID-19 Barômetro: Social Opinião” em Portugal (março de 2020 até setembro de 2021) e do “COVID-19 Social termômetro” no Brasil (agosto de 2020 até abril de 2021); essas pesquisas incluíram dados sobre o impacto na saúde e socioeconômicos da população. As variáveis de saúde e sociodemográficas dos dois países foram resumidas em frequências absolutas e relativas. Um modelo de regressão logística multivariável foi ajustado por país para estimar a relação entre a frequência de sentimentos negativos (FNF) e variáveis selecionadas de interesse. Resultados: Aproximadamente 36% da amostra estudada relatou ansiedade, agitação, tristeza ou mau humor; quase todos os dias em Portugal e 52% no Brasil devido ao distanciamento físico. Em Portugal, ter mais de duas comorbidades representou maior chance de apresentar FNF todos os dias ou quase todos os dias (OR = 1,51 [IC 1,22 -1,87]) do que aqueles sem comorbidades. Em contrapartida, ter nível universitário representou fator protetor (OR = 0,76 [IC 0,67-0,88]). No Brasil, estar desempregado aumentou a chance de FNF em relação aos estudantes (OR = 11,2). Conclusões: As medidas de distanciamento físico têm impactado o bem-estar mental da população jovem em Portugal e no Brasil. Os países devem fazer um esforço rápido para atender e proteger o bem-estar e a saúde mental dos jovens no contexto de mudança da atual pandemia.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo, o consumo de matéria seca, a digestibilidade aparente e o comportamento ingestivo de novilhos confinados, alimentados com silagem de milho da porção inicial de silos do tipo trincheira, conservada sob distintos tipos de vedação. Os animais foram divididos em três tratamentos, com quatro repetições: vedação convencional - polietileno tipo dupla face, com espessura de 110µm; vedação dupla face - polietileno tipo dupla face, com espessura de 200µm; e dupla vedação - polietileno tipo dupla face, com espessura de 80µm sobreposto a um filme vácuo translúcido de poliamida, com espessura de 20µm. O uso da vedação dupla face proporcionou incremento de 12,63% no ganho de peso médio diário e melhorou em 0,62 ponto percentual a conversão alimentar. A digestibilidade aparente da dieta com silagem do sistema de vedação dupla face foi 4,30% superior em relação à dieta com silagem da dupla vedação e 11,00% superior à dieta com silagem da vedação convencional. Recomenda-se a utilização tanto da vedação dupla face com polietileno de 200µm quanto da dupla vedação com polietileno tipo dupla face, com espessura de 80µm, sobreposto a um filme vácuo translúcido de poliamida com espessura de 20µm.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance, dry matter intake, apparent digestibility and ingestive behavior of feedlot calves fed corn silage from the feed out face of trench silos with different types of sealing. The animals were divided into three treatments with four repetitions: Conventional seal - double-sided polyethylene of 110µm thickness; Double-sided seal - double-sided polyethylene of 200µm thickness; and Double seal - composed of double face polyethylene with a thickness of 80µm superimposed on a polyamide translucent vacuum film with a thickness of 20µm. The use of double face sealing provided 12.63% increase in average daily gain and improved food conversion by 0.62 percentage points. The apparent digestibility of the diet with double-face sealing system silage was 4.30% higher than the diet with double-face sealing silage and 11.00% higher than the diet with conventional sealing silage. It is recommended to use the double face sealing with 200µm polyethylene and double face sealing with 80µm thick polyethylene on top of a 20µm thick polyamide translucent vacuum film.

RESUMO A cartilagem elástica é composta por condroblastos e condrócitos, matriz extracelular e envolta por pericôndrio. Possui uma baixa capacidade de regeneração e é um desafio em reparos cirúrgicos. Um dos obstáculos na engenharia de tecido estruturalmente sólido e de longa duração é a seleção do material de arcabouço mais adequado. Uma das técnicas para obtenção de biomateriais oriundos de tecidos animais é a descelularização, que diminui a antigenicidade. Neste trabalho, foi utilizada solução alcalina em cartilagem elástica auricular bovina para avaliar a descelularização e a arquitetura da matriz extracelular. As cartilagens foram tratadas em solução alcalina (pH13) durante 72 horas e liofilizadas, e comparadas com cartilagens não tratadas por análise histológica (hematoxilina-eosina, tricrômio de Masson e Verhoeff). Foram determinadas as áreas de interesse para contagem celular e quantificação de fibras elásticas, observada a distribuição de colágeno e fibras elásticas e a presença de proteínas não fibrosas. Os resultados demonstraram que a solução alcalina causou 90% de descelularização na região central e 13% na região periférica, manutenção das características histológicas do colágeno e fibras elásticas e remoção das proteínas não fibrosas. Concluiu-se que a solução alcalina foi eficiente na descelularização e retirada de proteínas não fibrosas de cartilagens elásticas da orelha de bovinos.

ABSTRACT The elastic cartilage is composed by chondroblasts and chondrocytes, extracellular matrix and surrounded by perichondrium. It has a low regeneration capacity and is a challenge in surgical repair. One of obstacles in engineering a structurally sound and long-lasting tissue is selecting the most appropriate scaffold material. One of the techniques for obtaining biomaterials from animal tissues is the decellularization that decreases antigenicity. In this work, alkaline solution was used in bovine ear elastic cartilages to evaluate the decellularization and the architecture of the extracellular matrix. The cartilages were treated in alkaline solution (pH13) for 72 hours and lyophilized to be compared with untreated cartilages by histological analysis (hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff slides). Areas of interest for cell counting and elastic fiber quantification were delineated, and the distribution of collagen and elastic fibers and the presence of non-fibrous proteins were observed. The results demonstrated that the alkaline solution caused 90% decellularization in the middle and 13% in the peripheral region, and maintenance of the histological characteristics of the collagen and elastic fibers and non-fibrous protein removal. It was concluded that the alkaline solution was efficient in the decellularization and removal of non-fibrous proteins from the elastic cartilages of the bovine ear.

RESUMO: Enquanto evidências indicam o sorgo sacarino [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] como uma matéria-prima de etanol alternativa durante a entressafra da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.), pouco se sabe sobre sua capacidade produtiva em condições adversas (sob competição com plantas daninhas, por exemplo). Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a competição interespecífica mútua entre híbridos de sorgo sacarino e plantas daninhas em situações de alta infestação. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos, usando um esquema fatorial 5 x 6: (i) quatro híbridos de sorgo sacarino (CVSW 81198, CVSW 80007, CVSW 80147 e XBSW 82158), além de uma testemunha sem a presença de sorgo sacarino; e (ii) cinco espécies de plantas daninhas [(Cyperus rotundus L., Mucuna aterrima (Piper and Tracy) Holland, Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, Ipomoea hederifolia L. e Digitaria nuda Schumach.], além de uma testemunha sem a presença de plantas daninhas. M. aterrima foi a única espécie de planta daninha cuja massa seca não foi reduzida pela presença de sorgo sacarino. Os híbridos de sorgo sacarino não sofreram interferência no seu desenvolvimento com a presença de C. rotundus, I. hederifolia ou D. nuda. No entanto, tais plantas daninhas tiveram sua massa seca reduzida pela competição com sorgo sacarino. Em convivência com B. decumbens ou M. aterrima, o sorgo sacarino teve sua massa seca de parte aérea e de folhas reduzida. O sorgo sacarino mostrou-se uma planta altamente competitiva e robusta e, mesmo em alta densidade de plantas daninhas, a interferência interespecífica imposta por certas espécies destas plantas foi baixa.

ABSTRACT: While evidence is mounting that sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], an ethanol crop, may provide an alternative to sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) on sugarcane lands under rehabilitation, little is known of its under production limiting factors (e.g., interspecific competition with weeds). Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to identify the initial mutual interspecific competition between sweet sorghum hybrids and weeds in high infestation situations. The experiment was carried out in pots, using a 5 × 6 factorial design: (i) a sorghum-free control and four sweet sorghum hybrids (CVSW 81198, CVSW 80007, CVSW 80147 and XBSW 82158), besides a control without sweet-sorghum, and (ii) five species of weeds [Cyperus rotundus L., Mucuna aterrima (Piper and Tracy) Holland, Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, Ipomoea hederifolia L. and Digitaria nuda Schumach.], besides a weed-free control. M. aterrima was the only weed whose dry mass was not reduced by the presence of sweet sorghum. The hybrids of sweet sorghum did not suffer developmental interference from C. rotundus, I. hederifolia or D. nuda. On the other hand, these weeds dry mass was reduced through competition with sweet sorghum. The sweet sorghum cohabiting with B. decumbens or M. aterrima has its aboveground and leaf dry mass reduced. Sweet sorghum is a high competitive and robust plant and, even when under a high weed density, suffers little interspecific interference from certain species of the weed community.

Abstract Lupinus albescens is a resistant cover plant that establishes symbiotic relationships with bacteria belonging to the Bradyrhizobium genus. This symbiosis helps the development of these plants in adverse environmental conditions, such as the ones found in arenized areas of Southern Brazil. This work studied three Bradyrhizobium sp. (AS23, NAS80 and NAS96) isolated from L. albescens plants that grow in extremely poor soils (arenized areas and adjacent grasslands). The genomes of these three strains were sequenced in the Ion Torrent platform using the IonXpress library preparation kit, and presented a total number of bases of 1,230,460,823 for AS23, 1,320,104,022 for NAS80, and 1,236,105,093 for NAS96. The genome comparison with closest strains Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA6 and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 showed important variable regions (with less than 80% of similarity). Genes encoding for factors for resistance/tolerance to heavy metal, flagellar motility, response to osmotic and oxidative stresses, heat shock proteins (present only in the three sequenced genomes) could be responsible for the ability of these microorganisms to survive in inhospitable environments. Knowledge about these genomes will provide a foundation for future development of an inoculant bioproduct that should optimize the recovery of degraded soils using cover crops.

ABSTRACT The organic extracts from stems, roots and leaves of Tephrosia egregia Sandwith, Fabaceae, provided a new flavone, 5-hydroxy-8-(1",2"-epoxy-3"-hydroxy-3"-methylbutyl)-7-methoxyflavone (1), in addition to eleven known compounds: pongaflavone (2), praecansone B (3), 12a-hydroxyrotenone (4), praecansone A, 2',6'-dimethoxy-4',5'-(2",2"-dimethyl)-pyranochalcone, pongachalcone, maackiain, β-sistosterol and its glucoside, p-cumaric acid and cinnamic acid. The structures of all compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS, involving comparison with literature data. Cytotoxicity of compounds 1–4 was evaluated against AGP-01 (cancerous ascitic fluid), HCT-116 (colon adenocarcinoma), HL-60 (leukemia), PC-3 (prostate carcinoma), SF-295 (glioblastoma) and SKMEL 28 (melanoma) cell lines.

Thirty-six castrated male pigs were used to determine the influence of thermal environment and reduction of consumption on performance and carcass composition. Animals were housed in two climate chambers. In one, animals were in thermal comfort (TN) (22 °C), and in the other, pigs were under heat stress (HS) (34 °C). Animals were distributed in a randomized block design, making three treatments (TN, HS and animals in thermal comfort with food consumption paired with that observed in HS (PFTN)), with six replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Data were obtained on performance and carcass composition. The weight gains of HS and PFTN animals were reduced by 40.5% and 34.7%, respectively, reflecting a reduction of 13.2% in the final weight of PFTN animals. Triiodothyronine concentration was not affected by heat, but there was an increase in lymphocyte numbers in PFTN animals. The HS and PFTN animals showed lower hot carcass weight. However, there were no effects on hot carcass yield and relative weights of heart, lung and spleen. Heat stress compromised performance. The negative effects of high temperature on pigs include reduction in feed intake and changes in physiology.

RESUMO A lesão renal isquêmica pode estar associada a procedimentos urológicos, tais como cirurgia renovascular, cirurgia renal extracorpórea ou transplante renal. Essa injúria, muitas vezes, é seguida de insuficiência renal aguda. O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar a localização da E-caderina e da β-catenina em rim de cães, além de relacionar a expressão dessas proteínas das junções de aderência em diferentes tempos de isquemia e reperfusão com ou sem a aplicação de clorpromazina. Para tanto, foram utilizados 12 cães, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de seis indivíduos: grupo A, com isquemia e reperfusão sem tratamento por clorpromazina, e o grupo B, com isquemia e reperfusão tratado por clorpromazina. No procedimento cirúrgico, foi realizada uma incisão paracostal esquerda para identificação e isolamento do rim esquerdo e da artéria renal esquerda. Após o isolamento da artéria, os animais de todos os grupos tiveram o vaso ocluído. Os animais do grupo B receberam clorpromazina via endovenosa, na dose de 5mg/kg, 15min antes da clampagem do vaso, que durou uma hora. Após este período, as artérias renais foram desobstruídas e os órgãos permaneceram em reperfusão por duas horas. Em cada grupo, foram extraídas seis amostras de parênquima renal, com utilização de agulha tru-cut, para marcação com anticorpos anti-E-caderina e anti-β-catenina por meio de imunoistoquímica. E-caderina e β-catenina são diferencialmente expressas em segmentos do córtex e da medula em rim de cães e o uso da clorpromazina não alterou a expressão das duas proteínas.

ABSTRACT Renal ischemia can be associated with some urological procedures, such as renovascular surgery or kidney transplantation, that are often followed by acute renal failure. The aim of this study was to verify the E-cadherin and β-catenin localization in canine kidney in different times of renal ischemia and reperfusion after chlorpromazine application. Twelve dogs were randomly distributed equally into two groups. GroupA with ischemia and reperfusion without chlorpromazine and groupB with ischemia and reperfusion treated by chlorpromazine. GroupB received intravenous chlorpromazine, 15 min before the artery obstruction, which lasted 1 hour. After this period, the clamps in the renal arteries were released and the organ remained in reperfusion for 2 hours. In each group, anti-E-cadherin and anti-β-catenin antibodies were made in six tissue samples from renal parenchyma. E-cadherin and β-catenin are differentially expressed in segments from cortex and medulla in dog’s kidneys and the use of chlorpromazine did not alter the expression of both proteins. Occlusion of the left renal artery in dogs causes morphological alterations mainly in proximal convoluted tubules, beginning 30min after the start of ischemia and being aggravated after two hours of reperfusion. These results reveal that chlorpromazine did not change kidneys’ histological aspect nor E-cadherin and β-catenin expression.

ABSTRACT Here, we propose a novel methodology for replenishment and control systems for inventories of two-echelon logistics networks using a two-stage stochastic programming, considering periodic review and uncertain demands. In addition, to achieve better customer services, we introduce a variable rationing rule to address quantities of the item in short. The devised models are reformulated into their deterministic equivalent, resulting in nonlinear mixed-integer programming models, which are then approximately linearized. To deal with the uncertain nature of the item demand levels, we apply a Monte Carlo simulation-based method to generate finite and discrete sets of scenarios. Moreover, the proposed approach does not require restricted assumptions to the behavior of the probabilistic phenomena, as does several existing methods in the literature. Numerical experiments with the proposed approach for randomly generated instances of the problem show results with errors around 1%.

RESUMO Os tumores malignos da bainha dos nervos periféricos (TMBNP) são muito raros e localizam-se mais frequentemente na região nadegueira, paraespinal, coxa ou braço; uma variante é o tumor de Triton maligno, com uma diferenciação rabdomiosarcomatosa. Apresentamos um diagnóstico diferencial desafiante de dor ciática e pé pendente em uma paciente com antecedentes de hérnia discal lombar, que se descobriu que era causada por um tumor de Triton do nervo ciático. A paciente foi submetida a excisão cirúrgica, seguida de radio e quimioterapia. Poucos casos de tumores de Triton malignos foram descritos e relatados na literatura. O tratamento recomendado é a excisão radical, seguida de radioterapia em alta dose e quimioterapia. O prognóstico, embora mau, depende da localização, do grau e das margens cirúrgicas da exérese.

ABSTRACT Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are very rare and are frequently localized in the buttocks, thigh, arm, or paraspinal region; one variant is the malignant Triton tumor, with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. The authors present a challenging differential diagnosis of a sciatic pain and foot drop in a woman with history of lumbar disk herniation, which was found to be caused by a Triton tumor of the sciatic nerve. She underwent surgical excision, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Malignant Triton tumor cases have rarely been described and reported in the literature. The recommended treatment is radical excision followed by high-dose radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The prognosis, although poor, depends on the location, grade, and completeness of surgical margins.

RESUMO O cisto aracnoide medular (CAM) é uma doença que pode ocorrer em humanos e animais, podendo causar sinais clínicos neurológicos. A origem dessa enfermidade ainda é desconhecida assim como sua patofisiologia. Acredita-se que pode ser congênita ou adquirida. Até o momento, não foi verificada predileção por raça, sexo ou idade. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de CAM lombar em um cão com 13 anos de idade, que causou paralisia dos membros pélvicos. Ao exame clínico, o paciente apresentava dor lombar na palpação epaxial, incontinência urinária e fecal, com paraplegia de membros pélvicos. A sintomatologia progrediu durante oito meses, com histórico de trauma. Na mielografia, foi identificado um CAM na região lombar (L1-L2) lateralizado para a esquerda. O tratamento instituído foi a laminectomia e a durectomia. A paciente apresentou melhora dos sinais clínicos após 11 dias da realização da cirurgia. O tratamento cirúrgico obteve bons resultados para essa enfermidade. O CAM pode ocorrer em cães geriátricos ou com paraplegia de membros, assim deve ser incluído na lista de diagnóstico diferencial das mielopatias lombares compressivas.

ABSTRACT Medullary arachnoid cyst (MAC) is a disease that occurs in humans and animals, and may cause neurological clinical signs. The origin of this disease, as well as its pathophysiology, are still unknown. It is believed that it can be congenital or acquired. No predilection for race, sex, or age has been verified. The aim of this paper is to report a lumbar MAC case in a dog at 13 years of age that caused paralysis of the pelvic limbs. At the clinical examination the patient had back pain on the lumbar region, urinary and fecal incontinence, and paraplegia on the pelvic members. The symptoms were progressing for eight months with history of trauma. In myelography a MAC in the lumbar region (L1- L2) lateralized to left was identified. For treatment laminectomy and durectomy were established. The patient showed improvement of clinical signs eleven days after surgery. The surgical treatment achieved good results for this type of disease. MAC can occur in geriatric or member paraplegia dogs, so it must be included in the differential diagnosis list of the lumbar compressive myelopathy.

ABSTRACT A new lactone, 7-epi-griffonilide (1), and six known compounds, 2, 3a - 3c, 4a and 4b, were isolated from the leaves of Bauhinia pentandra (Fabaceae). The structures elucidation of 1 and 2 were based on detailed 2D NMR techniques and spectral comparison with related compounds, leading to complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra.

ABSTRACT Myracrodruon urundeuva is a plant native to Brazil, which is used by the indigenous population for the treatment of candidiasis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antifungal activity of extract against human vaginal Candida species and evaluate the possible toxicological activities of M. urundeuva. Initially, ethanol extracts, ethyl acetate fractions, and hydroalcoholic fractions of the bark and leaf of M. urundeuva were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The extracts that showed antifungal activity were characterized by liquid chromatography and subjected to toxicity assessment. Toxic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic testing were performed using Allium cepa and Ames assays with the ethanol extracts of the bark and leaves. Hemolytic activity was evaluated in erythrocytes and acute toxicity in rats. The ethanol bark extracts showed best activity against Candida albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis ATCC (4-512 µg/mL). Chemical characterization indicated the presence of flavonoids and tannins in the extracts. Hemolytic activity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity were not observed. The results of the Ames and A. cepa tests were also in agreement, ethanol bark extracts and ethanol leaf extracts of M. urundeuva showed absence of mutagenic activity. Similar results were observed in the A. cepa assay and acute toxicity test in rats. M. urundeuva bark extracts showed potential for the treatment of vaginal infections caused Candida species, as a topical.

RESUMO Doença de Marek (MD) é uma desordem linfoproliferativa causada pelo Gallid herpesvirus 2 (MDV), que infecta principalmente galináceos domésticos, porém aves silvestres podem ser ocasionalmente afetadas. O presente relato descreve os achados anatomopatológicos e moleculares de um caso de MD em um pavão-branco (Pavo cristatus). Os sinais clínicos incluíram apatia, hiporexia e diarreia. Macroscopicamente, foram observados nódulos macios, de 0,5 a 1,5cm de diâmetro, no músculo esquelético, no pulmão, nos rins, nos sacos aéreos, no intestino delgado, no coração, no ovário, no ventrículo e no proventrículo. Microscopicamente, numerosas células redondas neoplásicas atípicas foram notadas. A detecção molecular do DNA do MDV foi implementada para amplificar parte do gene meq, e os produtos foram sequenciados para análise filogenética. DNA foi obtido de tecidos de aves afetadas e do sangue de todos os galináceos do zoológico. A esperada amplificação de parte do gene meq de MDV amplificado foi ampliada e sequenciada. As sequências obtidas permitiram o agrupamento da cepa (acesso KT768121) com cepas do sorotipo 1 de MDV do GenBank.. O diagnóstico de MD em pavão-branco foi obtido com base nos achados anatomopatológicos e moleculares e, pelo conhecimento dos autores, não há relatos anteriores publicados de MD em Pavo cristatus.

ABSTRACT Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disorder caused by Gallid herpesvirus 2 (MDV) that infects mainly domestic gallinaceous birds although wild birds may occasionally be affected. The current report describes the anatomopathological and molecular findings of a case of MD in a white-peafowl (Pavo cristatus). The signs included apathy, hyporexia, and diarrhea. Grossly, 0.5 to 1.5cm in diameter, yellow, soft nodules were observed in the skeletal muscle, lung, kidney, air sacs, small intestine, heart, ovary, ventriculus, and proventriculus. Microscopically, numerous atypical round neoplastic cells were noted. The molecular detection of MDV DNA was implemented to amplify part of the meq gene and products were sequenced for the phylogenetic analysis. Template DNA was obtained from tissues of the affected bird and from blood of all the gallinaceous birds of the Zoo. The expected amplicon for the partial amplification of MDV meq gene was obtained and the amplicons were sequenced. Sequences obtained enabled grouping the strain (accession no. KT768121) with MDV serotype 1 strains from the GenBank. Based on the anatomopathological and molecular findings, the diagnosis of MD in a white-peafowl was reached, and to the authors' knowledge, no previous report regarding MD was published in Pavo cristatus.