Objectives: To summarize evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment and propose clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The literature on CBT interventions for adult OCD, including BT and exposure and response prevention, was systematically reviewed to develop updated clinical guidelines for clinicians, providing comprehensive details about the necessary procedures for the CBT protocol. We searched the literature from 2013-2020 in five databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, and Lilacs) regarding study design, primary outcome measures, publication type, and language. Selected articles were assessed for quality with validated tools. Treatment recommendations were classified according to levels of evidence developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. Results: We examined 44 new studies used to update the 2013 American Psychiatric Association guidelines. High-quality evidence supports CBT with exposure and response prevention techniques as a first-line treatment for OCD. Protocols for Internet-delivered CBT have also proven efficacious for adults with OCD. Conclusion: High-quality scientific evidence supports the use of CBT with exposure and response prevention to treat adults with OCD.

Objectives: To summarize evidence-based pharmacological treatments and provide guidance on clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The American Psychiatric Association (APA) guidelines for the treatment of OCD (2013) were updated with a systematic review assessing the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for adult OCD, comprising monotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), clomipramine, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and augmentation strategies with clomipramine, antipsychotics, and glutamate-modulating agents. We searched for the literature published from 2013-2020 in five databases, considering the design of the study, primary outcome measures, types of publication, and language. Selected articles had their quality assessed with validated tools. Treatment recommendations were classified according to levels of evidence developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA). Results: We examined 57 new studies to update the 2013 APA guidelines. High-quality evidence supports SSRIs for first-line pharmacological treatment of OCD. Moreover, augmentation of SSRIs with antipsychotics (risperidone, aripiprazole) is the most evidence-based pharmacological intervention for SSRI-resistant OCD. Conclusion: SSRIs, in the highest recommended or tolerable doses for 8-12 weeks, remain the first-line treatment for adult OCD. Optimal augmentation strategies for SSRI-resistant OCD include low doses of risperidone or aripiprazole. Pharmacological treatments considered ineffective or potentially harmful, such as monotherapy with antipsychotics or augmentation with ketamine, lamotrigine, or N-acetylcysteine, have also been detailed.

ABSTRACT Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that results in dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which is a chloride and bicarbonate channel expressed in the apical portion of epithelial cells of various organs. Dysfunction of that protein results in diverse clinical manifestations, primarily involving the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, impairing quality of life and reducing life expectancy. Although CF is still an incurable pathology, the therapeutic and prognostic perspectives are now totally different and much more favorable. The purpose of these guidelines is to define evidence-based recommendations regarding the use of pharmacological agents in the treatment of the pulmonary symptoms of CF in Brazil. Questions in the Patients of interest, Intervention to be studied, Comparison of interventions, and Outcome of interest (PICO) format were employed to address aspects related to the use of modulators of this protein (ivacaftor, lumacaftor+ivacaftor, and tezacaftor+ivacaftor), use of dornase alfa, eradication therapy and chronic suppression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Burkholderia cepacia complex. To formulate the PICO questions, a group of Brazilian specialists was assembled and a systematic review was carried out on the themes, with meta-analysis when applicable. The results obtained were analyzed in terms of the strength of the evidence compiled, the recommendations being devised by employing the GRADE approach. We believe that these guidelines represent a major advance to be incorporated into the approach to patients with CF, mainly aiming to favor the management of the disease, and could become an auxiliary tool in the definition of public policies related to CF.

RESUMO A fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença genética que resulta em disfunção da proteína reguladora de condutância transmembrana da FC (CFTR), que é um canal de cloro e bicarbonato expresso na porção apical de células epiteliais de diversos órgãos. A disfunção dessa proteína resulta em manifestações clínicas diversas, envolvendo primariamente os sistemas respiratório e gastrointestinal com redução da qualidade e expectativa de vida. A FC ainda é uma patologia incurável, porém o horizonte terapêutico e prognóstico é hoje totalmente distinto e muito mais favorável. O objetivo destas diretrizes foi definir recomendações brasileiras baseadas em evidências em relação ao emprego de agentes farmacológicos no tratamento pulmonar da FC. As perguntas PICO (acrônimo baseado em perguntas referentes aos Pacientes de interesse, Intervenção a ser estudada, Comparação da intervenção e Outcome [desfecho] de interesse) abordaram aspectos relativos ao uso de moduladores de CFTR (ivacaftor, lumacaftor + ivacaftor e tezacaftor + ivacaftor), uso de dornase alfa, terapia de erradicação e supressão crônica de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e erradicação de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina e do complexo Burkholderia cepacia. Para a formulação das perguntas, um grupo de especialistas brasileiros foi reunido e realizou-se uma revisão sistemática sobre os temas, com meta-análise quando aplicável. Os resultados encontrados foram analisados quanto à força das evidências compiladas, sendo concebidas recomendações seguindo a metodologia GRADE. Os autores acreditam que o presente documento represente um importante avanço a ser incorporado na abordagem de pacientes com FC, objetivando principalmente favorecer seu manejo, podendo se tornar uma ferramenta auxiliar na definição de políticas públicas relacionadas à FC.

Resumo Nosso trabalho, fruto de nossas pesquisas iniciadas no ano de 2003, visa analisar o tema do bandoleirismo na colônia. Para tal, descortinamos os conceitos de “áreas de mando” e do “mandonismo bandoleiro” para construirmos o conceito de “redutos de dominação bandoleira” - áreas de domínio monopolizadas por bandoleiros em regiões onde o domínio estatal era fraco ou litigante. Nessas regiões, atuavam poderosas quadrilhas de salteadores. O bando de Januário Garcia Leal destacou-se entre estes grupos. Não por acaso o seu líder, por alcunha de “Sete Orelhas”, acabara se tornando uma espécie de bandido-potentado nos inóspitos sertões de São Bento do Tamanduá, atual Itapecerica - MG. Ao final, como ponto fundamental de nossa pesquisa, constatamos que a famosa Lei da Boa Razão, ao desrespeitar os direitos costumeiros, provocou uma nova forma de reação coletiva aos intentos centralistas da Coroa - o bandoleirismo em bandos.

Abstract Our work, fruit of our research that begun in 2003, aims to analyze the theme of banditism in the colony. To do so, we have developed the concepts of “command areas” and “bandit domineering” to construct the concept of “strongholds of bandit domination” - areas of domination monopolized by gangsters in regions where state dominance was weak or litigating. In these regions were powerful gangs of robbers. The gang of Januário Garcia Leal stood out among these groups. It was not by chance that its leader, by nickname “Seven Ears”, had become a sort of bandit-potentate in the inhospitable hinterlands of São Bento do Tamanduá, now Itapecerica - Minas Gerais. In the end, as a fundamental point of our research, we find that the famous Law of Good Reason, by disrespecting customary rights, provoked a new form of collective reaction to the centralist attempts of the Crown - the banditism in gangs.

Resumo Sistemas de informação são fundamentais para o gerenciamento dos acervos biológicos das instituições de pesquisas em biodiversidade, uma vez que elas vêm fazendo investimentos significativos nos processos de informatização e digitalização de suas coleções. Os sistemas de bancos de dados de herbários e de jardins botânicos têm evoluído no sentido de disponibilizar online os dados de exsicatas e das coleções correlatas, além de suas imagens. Neste trabalho é apresentada a nova versão do Jabot, o sistema de gerenciamento de coleções botânicas desenvolvido no Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. O sistema reflete hoje o conhecimento adquirido por uma equipe multidisciplinar composta de botânicos e profissionais da área de computação, em uma década de uso intensivo no gerenciamento do conteúdo digital e na curadoria do herbário.

Abstract Information systems are critical to the management of biological collections of research institutions in biodiversity, since they have been making significant investments in the computerization process and digitization of their collections. Systems of herbarium and botanical gardens databases have evolved to provide online data from herbarium specimens and related collections, in addition to your images. In this paper is presented the new version of Jabot, the botanical collections management system developed at the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro. The system now reflects the knowledge acquired by a multidisciplinary team of botanists and computer professionals, in a decade of intensive use in the management of digital content and curator of the herbarium.

Os desvios situados na parte caudal do septo nasal, apesar de não serem os mais frequentes, são causadores de muitas queixas, e sua correção sempre gerou muitas controvérsias. OBJETIVO: Avaliar, com resultados preliminares, a eficácia de uma técnica cirúrgica para correção dos desvios caudais do septo nasal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Ensaio Clínico prospectivo com 10 pacientes que responderam a um questionário padronizado - Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) -, foram submetidos ao exame de Rinometria Acústica e fotografados. Tiveram, então, os desvios caudais corrigidos cirurgicamente por uma técnica na qual toda a porção do desvio é retirada e uma parte sem desvios da cartilagem é recolocada entre as cruras mediais das cartilagens alares por via retrógrada para a sustentação da ponta nasal. Apos 60 dias os pacientes foram reavaliados. RESULTADOS: Quanto ao Questionário NOSE a média dos valores pré-operatórios foi de 82,39 e a média no pós-operatório foi de 7,39 (p < 0,001). Quanto aos resultados da Rinometria Acústica a média dos valores da área de secção transversa mínima ou MCA no pré-operatório foi de 0,352 e 0,431cm2. No pós-operatório a média dos valores foi de 0,657 e 0,711 cm2,(p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de serem ainda resultados iniciais, estes mostram que a técnica apresentada para correção dos desvios caudais do septo nasal é eficaz.

Although not being the most frequent nasal septal deviations, those of the caudal septum account for many complaints. The correction of such defects has always been the subject of much controversy, and several different operative techniques have been described. AIM: To assess the efficacy of a surgical technique for correcting caudal septal deviations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study with preliminary reports of 10 patients who answered a standardized, specific questionnaire (the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation, or NOSE), underwent acoustic rhinometry and had their noses photographed. Caudal deviations were then corrected through a surgical technique whereby the entire deviated portion is removed and a straight cartilage segment is placed between the medial crura of the alar cartilages, through a retrograde approach, to support the nasal tip. Sixty days after all patients were reassessed. RESULTS: As for the NOSE questionnaire, mean pre-operative and post-operative scores were 82.39 and 7.39 respectively (p<0.001). Pre-operative acoustic rhinometry showed mean minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) values of 0.352 and 0.431 cm2, whereas mean post-operative values were 0.657 and 0.711 cm2(p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The study results prove, both subjectively (patient satisfaction as measured with a standardized questionnaire) and objectively (acoustic rhinometry findings), that the proposed technique for correction of caudal septal deviation is safe and effective.