ABSTRACT Purpose to verify the readiness for oral feeding and breastfeeding in newborns of mothers diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods observational, analytical, quantitative case-control study. For the evaluation of non-nutritive sucking, the PROFAS protocol was used and for the evaluation of performance at the mother's breast, the protocol of Speech Therapy - Breastfeeding. The sample was stratified into two groups, the experimental group, composed of newborns of mothers diagnosed with GDM, and the control group, with newborns of healthy mothers. For statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney, Shapiro Wilk and Student's t tests were used. Results the total sample consisted of 46 newborns, 21 from the experimental group and 25 from the control group. P<0.05 was observed in the comparison between the groups in the variables: oscillation in the state of consciousness, global hypotonia, weak search reflex, less than five suctions per pause in the assessment of non-nutritive sucking, holding on to the breast, falling asleep after starting suction and mother-infant positioning. Conclusion newborns of mothers diagnosed with GDM had greater difficulty in readiness for oral feeding and in the practice of breastfeeding in the first 72 hours of life, compared to children of healthy mothers.

RESUMO Objetivo verificar a prontidão para via oral e aleitamento materno em recém-nascidos de mães diagnosticadas com diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Métodos estudo observacional, analítico, quantitativo, do tipo caso-controle. Para avaliação da sucção não nutritiva, foi utilizado o Protocolo de Prontidão do Prematuro para Início da Alimentação por Via Oral - POFRAS e, para avaliação do desempenho em seio materno, o Protocolo de Acompanhamento Fonoaudiológico - Aleitamento Materno. A amostra foi estratificada em dois grupos, sendo o grupo experimental composto por recém-nascidos de mães diagnosticadas com DMG e o grupo-controle, por recém-nascidos de mães hígidas. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes Mann-Whitney, Shapiro Wilk e t de Student. Resultados a amostra total foi composta por 46 recém-nascidos, sendo 21 do grupo experimental e 25 do grupo-controle. Observou-se p<0,05 na comparação entre os grupos nas seguintes variáveis: oscilação do estado de consciência, hipotonia global, reflexo de procura débil, menos de cinco sucções por pausa na avaliação da sucção não nutritiva, pega em seio, adormecimento após iniciar sucção e posicionamento mãe-bebê. Conclusão recém-nascidos de mães diagnosticadas com DMG apresentaram maior dificuldade na prontidão para via oral e na prática do aleitamento materno nas primeiras 72 horas de vida, comparados aos filhos de mães hígidas.

RESUMO O Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo é um transtorno do desenvolvimento neurológico que afeta as habilidades sociocomunicativas e comportamentais, sendo que no aspecto da linguagem observa-se maior comprometimento no nível pragmático e nos aspectos não verbais. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a percepção dos pais sobre a gravidade do Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo, em uma adolescente, pré e pós-terapia fonoaudiológica e descrever o processo de intervenção fonoaudiológica utilizando como modelo de intervenção o Sistema de Troca de Figuras aliada aos princípios da análise comportamental aplicada à linguagem. Foi aplicado o questionário Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist com os pais. Em seguida, foi desenvolvido um programa terapêutico de 14 sessões de 50 minutos, sendo uma por semana, e então o questionário foi reaplicado. No decorrer do processo terapêutico pôde-se perceber aumento do número de trocas de figuras de maneira independente, ampliação do número de vocalizações com intenção comunicativa ou a fala funcional, maior tempo de contato visual e sorriso social, redução de comportamentos inadequados com uma melhora significativa na pontuação do questionário Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist.

ABSTRACT Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects socio-communicative and behavioral abilities. In the language aspect, there is a greater impairment at the pragmatic level and in non-verbal aspects. The objective of this study was to characterize the severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder in an adolescent, pre-and post-speech-language therapy, and describe the process of speech-language intervention using Picture Exchange Communication System allied to the principles of behavioral analysis applied to language. The Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist with the parents was applied. Then, a therapeutic program of 14 sessions of 50 minutes was developed, one per week, and then the questionnaire was reapplied. In the course of the therapeutic process, it was possible to observe an increase in the number of figure exchanges independently, an increase in the number of vocalizations with communicative intention or functional speech, longer time of visual contact and social smile, reduction of inappropriate behaviors with a significant improvement in the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist score.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Staphylococcus spp. – both S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) – are relevant agents of healthcare-associated infections. Therefore, the rapid recognition of MRSA and methicillin-resistant CoNS from blood stream infections is critically important for patient management. It is worth noting that inappropriate empiric therapy has been associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Material and methods: In this study we evaluated a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) standardized to detect Staphylococcus spp., S. aureus, and mecA gene-encoded oxacillin resistance directly from blood culture bottles. A total of 371 blood cultures with Gram-positive microorganisms confirmed by Gram-stain were analyzed. Results from multiplex PCR were compared to phenotypic characterization of isolates. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 85 (23.0%) blood cultures and CoNS in 286 (77.0%). There was 100% agreement between phenotypic and multiplex PCR identification. Forty-three (50.6%) of the 85 S. aureus carried the mecA gene and among the 286 CoNS, 225 (78.7%) were positive for the mecA gene. Conclusions: The multiplex PCR assay developed here was found to be sensitive, specific, rapid, and showed good agreement with the phenotypic results besides being less expensive. This PCR method could be used in clinical laboratories for rapid identification and initiation of specific and effective treatment, reducing patient mortality and morbidity. Furthermore, this method may reduce misuse of antimicrobial classes that are more expensive and toxic, thus contributing to the selection of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp.