ABSTRACT Canine distemper causes demyelinating leucoencephalitis, like human multiple sclerosis. The encephalic microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix, is an important key factor of this lesion, already described in multiple sclerosis but not proved in canine distemper. Thereby, the aim of this work is to characterize the extracellular matrix in the encephalon of dogs with canine distemper. Samples of cortex and cerebellum of 14 naturally infected dogs with canine distemper virus were collected after being sent for necropsy in the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital of Uberlândia Federal University. The samples were processed as routine, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H.E), Masson Trichrome (MT), Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and Reticulin, and then described. Areas of demyelination and necrosis were quantified in percentage of stain. The TM samples showed blue stain around vessels and meninge, which indicates a higher deposition of collagen in lesioned areas. At necrotic areas, reticulin stain pointed to a disorganization in the vascular wall and PAS-stained pink granules in macrophages. We conclude that the extracellular matrix seems to participate in the pathogeny of canine distemper. More research should be done to better detail the involvement of these molecules in the course of this disease.

RESUMO A cinomose canina, assim como a esclerose múltipla, provoca leucoencefalite desmeilinizante. O microambiente encefálico, incluindo a matriz extracelular, atua como fator adjuvante na esclerose múltipla, porém não há comprovação do mesmo na cinomose canina. Portanto o objetivo neste trabalho é caracterizar a matriz extracelular do encéfalo de cães com cinomose canina. Foram coletados fragmentos de córtex frontal e cerebelo de 14 cães naturalmente infectados com cinomose canina encaminhados para necropsia no Laboratório de Patologia Animal do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Os fragmentos foram processados rotineiramente, corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina (H.E.), Tricrômico de Masson (TM), Ácido-Periódico de Schiff (PAS) e Reticulina e então foram descritas. As áreas com desmielinização e/ou necrose também foram quantificadas. A coloração de TM evidenciou marcação azulada em vasos e meninge, indicando maior deposição de fibras colágenas nas lesões. Nas áreas de necrose notou-se parede vascular desorganizada, a partir da reticulina, além de pigmentos róseos em macrófagos corados com PAS. Conclui-se que a matriz extracelular aparenta participar na patogenia da cinomose. Outros estudos são necessários para maiores detalhes da ação dessas moléculas na patogenia da cinomose canina.

Abstract: The watersheds comprise a portion of the land surface where the surface waters converge to a river mouth and can be found at various scales and used as planning units. This work aims to discuss the changes in the landscape of the Ceroula Stream Basin in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, through an analysis of the coverage and use of the basin surface in a twenty-nine-year temporal cut. Images from the Landsat 5 TM satellites - August 3, 1987, and August 4, 2005 - and Landsat 8 OLI - August 2, 2016 - were used to obtain the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and later quantification of representative classes of the surface. The results indicate that more than half of the native vegetation cover of the basin was replaced by anthropic activities and that most of the remaining forest biomass is related to gallery forests, while the deforested areas are located in the interfluve and in the surroundings of springs. The process of deforestation in the region may threaten the basin as a source of supply for Campo Grande city, since within it is located the Environmental Preservation Area of Ceroula, created to preserve water resources for urban supply.

Resumen: Las cuencas hidrográficas comprenden una porción de la superficie terrestre donde las aguas superficiales convergen a un exudatorio, que se puede encontrar a varias escalas y utilizar como unidades de planificación. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar los cambios ocurridos en el paisaje de la cuenca hidrográfica del arroyo Ceroula, en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, a través del análisis de la cubierta vegetal y el uso de la superficie de la cuenca en un período de tiempo de veintinueve años. Se utilizaron imágenes de los satélites Landsat 5 TM, del 03/08/1987 y 08/04/2005, y Landsat 8 OLI, de 02/08/2016, para obtener el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI, en inglés); posteriormente, se realizó la cuantificación de las clases representativas de la superficie. Los resultados obtenidos indican que más de la mitad de la cubierta vegetal nativa de la cuenca ha sido reemplazada por actividades humanas y que la fitomasa forestal restante está relacionada con los bosques de galería, mientras que las áreas deforestadas se encuentran en las interfluves y en los manantiales circundantes. El proceso de deforestación en la región puede amenazar a la cuenca como fuente de suministro para la ciudad de Campo Grande, ya que, dentro de esta, se encuentra el Area de Preservación Ambiental de Ceroula, creada para preservar los recursos hídricos para el suministro urbano.

Resumo: As bacias hidrográficas compreendem uma porção da superfície terrestre onde as águas superficiais convergem para um exutório, podendo ser encontradas em várias escalas e usadas como unidades de planejamento. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar as mudanças ocorridas na paisagem da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Ceroula, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, por meio da análise da cobertura vegetal e do uso da superfície da bacia em um recorte temporal de vinte e nove anos. Foram utilizadas imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 TM, de 03/08/1987 e 04/08/2005, e Landsat 8 OLI, de 02/08/2016, para obtenção do índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI, em inglês); posteriormente, foi realizada a quantificação das classes representativas da superfície. Os resultados obtidos indicam que mais da metade da cobertura vegetal nativa da bacia foi substituída por atividades antrópicas e que a fitomassa florestal remanescente está relacionada às matas de galeria, enquanto as áreas desmatadas encontram-se nos interflúvios e no entorno de nascentes. O processo de desmatamento na região pode ameaçar a bacia como manancial de abastecimento da cidade de Campo Grande, já que, no interior desta, está localizada a Área de Preservação Ambiental do Ceroula, criada visando preservar os recursos hídricos para abastecimento urbano.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do método de contagem de carboidratos no controle glicêmico, desfechos maternos e perinatais de gestantes com diabetes mellitus (DM) pré-gestacional. Métodos Ensaio clínico controlado não randomizado realizado com 89 gestantes com DM pré-gestacional atendidas em hospital público do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, entre 2009 e 2014, divididas emgrupo controle histórico e grupo intervenção. O grupo intervenção (n=51) recebeu orientação nutricional combase nométodo de contagem de carboidratos (CCM) e o grupo controle histórico (n=38) foi orientado pelo método tradicional (MT). Os testes de Mann-Whitney ou de Wilcoxon foram usados para comparar os desfechos intra- e intergrupos e, para avaliar a glicemia pós-prandial, análise de variância (ANOVA, na sigla em inglês) para medidas repetidas foi usada. Resultados Somente o grupo com método CCM apresentou redução da glicemia de jejum. A glicemia pós-prandial diminuiu no 2° (p=0,00) e 3° (p=0,00) trimestres gestacionais no grupo com método CCM, e no grupo com método tradicional, a redução ocorreu apenas no 2° trimestre (p=0,015). Para os resultados perinatais e distúrbios hipertensivos da gravidez, não houve diferenças entre os grupos. O parto cirúrgico foi realizado em 82% das gestantes e esteve associado a distúrbios hipertensivos gestacionais (p=0,047). Conclusão Ambos osmétodos de orientação nutricional contribuírampara a redução da glicemia pós-prandial e não foram observadas diferenças para os resultados maternos e perinatais. No entanto, o método CCM apresentou melhor efeito sobre a glicemia pós-prandial e foi o único que induziu redução da glicemia de jejum.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of the carbohydrate counting method (CCM) on glycemic control,maternal, and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Nonrandomized controlled clinical trial performed with 89 pregnant women who had pregestational DMand received prenatal care in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2009 and 2014, subdivided into historic control group and intervention group, not simultaneous. The intervention group (n=51) received nutritional guidance from the carbohydrate counting method (CCM), and the historical control group (n=38), was guided by the traditionalmethod (TM). The Mann-Whitney test or the Wilcoxon test were used to compare intra- and intergroup outcomes andanalysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, corrected by the Bonferroni post-hoc test,was used to assess postprandial blood glucose. Results Only the CCM group showed a reduction in fasting blood glucose. Postprandial blood glucose decreased in the 2nd (p=0.00) and 3rd (p=0.00) gestational trimester in the CCM group, while in the TM group the reduction occurred only in the 2nd trimester (p=0.015). For perinatal outcomes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, there were no differences between groups. Cesarean delivery was performed in 82% of the pregnant women and was associated with hypertensive disorders (gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia; p=0.047). Conclusion Both methods of nutritional guidance contributed to the reduction of postprandial glycemia of women and no differences were observed for maternal and perinatal outcomes. However, CCM had a better effect on postprandial glycemia and only this method contributed to reducing fasting blood glucose throughout the intervention. ReBEC Clinical Trials Database The present study was registered in the ReBEC Clinical Trials Database (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, number RBR-524z9n).

Abstract Pharmacist-physician collaboration is a strategy for optimizing patient care and improving health outcomes. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information in Brazil about collaborative practices among these professionals. The aim of this study was to measure collaborative attitude of pharmacists and physicians who were working together in a teaching hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to January 2019 with pharmacists and physicians working in a teaching hospital in Northeastern Brazil. These professionals were invited to provide responses to the Brazilian version of the “Scale of Attitudes Towards Pharmacist-Physician Collaboration” (SATP2C); their scores ranged between 16 and 64 points. The software Epi Info TM (version 3.5.4) was used for data analysis, and data were expressed in means. Forty-four professionals participated in this study. The mean age was 33.5 (DP = 7.1) years. More than half of participants were male (n = 25, 56.8%). The means from the SATP2C for pharmacists and physicians were 54.20 and 50.91, respectively, indicating good collaborative attitudes. There was no statistical difference between the mean scores of pharmacists and physicians. Participants showed a predisposition for collaborative teamwork. Future studies should focus on understanding the process by which collaboration translates into clinical practice.

Resumo O Cerrado apresenta uma variedade de fitofisionomias, com características distintas em estrutura e distribuição, o que contribui para uma heterogeneidade na interação da radiação solar com a superfície. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial e temporal de parâmetros biofísicos em diferentes tipos de cobertura do solo de uma área de Cerrado no sul do estado de Mato Grosso por sensoriamento remoto. Os parâmetros biofísicos índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada (NDVI), o albedo, temperatura da superfície e o saldo de radiação foram obtidos nas fitofisionomias do Cerrado: Campo Limpo, Campo Sujo, Cerradão e Cerrado stricto sensu; e numa área de pastagem. As estimativas foram realizadas com imagens do sensor TM Landsat 5, em 2009, 2010 e 2011. No período chuvoso, o NDVI e o saldo de radiação foram 44% e 15% maiores e o albedo e a temperatura da superfície foram 18% e 12% menores que no seco, respectivamente. Nos locais com maior NDVI e maior saldo de radiação foram encontrados os menores albedo e temperatura da superfície. As diferentes fitofisionomias do Cerrado tiveram interação distinta com a radiação solar em escalas sazonal e espacial devido à variação da cobertura da vegetação e disponibilidade hídrica.

Abstract The Cerrado presents a variety of phytophysiognomies, with distinct characteristics of structure and distribution, which contributes to a heterogeneity in the interaction of solar radiation with the surface. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of biophysical parameters in different types of soil cover of a Cerrado area in southern Mato Grosso state by remote sensing. Biophysical parameters Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), albedo, surface temperature and radiation balance were obtained from the Cerrado phytophysiognomies: Campo Limpo, Campo Sujo, Cerradão and Cerrado stricto sensu; and in a pasture area. Estimates were made with TM Landsat 5 sensor images in 2009, 2010 and 2011. In the rainy season, NDVI and radiation balance were 44% and 15% higher and albedo and surface temperature were 18% and 12% smaller than dry, respectively. In places with higher NDVI and higher radiation balance, the lowest albedo and surface temperature were found. The different phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado had a distinct interaction with solar radiation at seasonal and spatial scales due to the variation of vegetation cover and water availability.

RESUMO Em face de ainda haver a busca de um teste ideal aos procedimentos de comparações múltiplas, esse trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver dois testes de comparações múltiplas, similares aos testes Tukey e SNK, porém, baseados na distribuição da amplitude estudentizada externamente. Os nomes dos testes são Tukey Midrange (TM) e SNK Midrange (SNKM). Os testes foram avaliados baseados na taxa de erro por experimento e no poder, usando simulação Monte Carlo. Os resultados mostraram que o teste TM pode ser uma alternativa ao teste Tukey, uma vez que apresentou desempenho superior em alguns cenários simulados. Ao passo que o teste SNKM apresentou desempenho inferior ao teste SNK.

ABSTRACT In order to search for an ideal test for multiple comparison procedures, this study aimed to develop two tests, similar to the Tukey and SNK tests, based on the distribution of the externally studentized amplitude. The test names are Tukey Midrange (TM) and SNK Midrange (SNKM). The tests were evaluated based on the experimentwise error rate and power, using Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that the TM test could be an alternative to the Tukey test, since it presented superior performances in some simulated scenarios. On the other hand, the SNKM test performed less than the SNK test.

Resumo O parasitismo gastrintestinal é um dos fatores que fragiliza a exploração de pequenos ruminantes em pastagens cultivadas. Objetivando validar a estratégia de tratamento do solo para o controle dos estágios de vida livre de nematoides gastrintestinais (NGI), a torta de mamona (TM) foi utilizada como adubo, com ovinos pastejando em capim-tanzânia sob lotação contínua. No dia zero, o pasto foi dividido em três piquetes, contaminados por NGI e tratados, respectivamente, com TM parcelada em duas aplicações (2TM1/2), TM em uma única aplicação (TM1) e composto orgânico em única aplicação (testemunha). No dia 21, cada piquete recebeu oito ovinos livres de NGI. No dia 58, observaram-se diferenças significativas (P<0,05): redução de até 66,10% de larvas.g-1 de massa seca nas pastagens adubadas com TM; redução de até 60,72% da infecção dos animais nos grupos tratados com TM; ganho de peso médio diário (acima de 185 g.dia-1) e volume globular (acima de 26%) superior nos grupos tratados com TM, quando comparados com a testemunha (128 g.dia-1; 20,9%). Diante dos resultados, o uso da TM, principalmente TM1, como adubo em pasto de capim-tanzânia, sob lotação contínua, mostrou-se promissor, com eficácia de 63,41% para controlar a verminose.

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasitism is one of the factors that discourages farmers from raising small ruminants in cultivated pastures. To validate a soil treatment strategy to control the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), castor cake (CC) was used as a fertilizer on a pasture where sheep grazed on guinea grass under continuous stocking. On day zero, the pasture was divided into three paddocks, contaminated by GIN and treated, respectively, with CC divided into two applications (2CC1/2), CC in a single application (CC1) and organic compost in a single application (control). On day 21, eight GIN-free sheep were placed in each paddock. On day 58, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed: reduction of up to 66.10% in larvae.g-1 of dry mass in pastures fertilized with CC, decrease of up to 60.72% in infection rates among the animals in the groups treated with CC, higher average daily weight gain (over 185 g.day-1) and packed cell volume (over 26%) in the groups treated with CC, when compared to the control (128 g.day-1; 20.9%). In view of the results, the use of CC, mainly CC1, as a fertilizer for guinea grass pastures, under continuous stocking, proved to be promising, with 63.41% effectiveness in controlling worm infestations.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to determine the ideal sodium levels for muscovy ducks in housing. Two hundred and forty muscovy ducks of creole lineage were used, distributed in boxes with water and food ad libitum. The experimental design was completely randomized, where treatments were constituted by six nutritional plans (initial, growth and termination) with different sodium levels, and four replicates of 10 muscovy ducks each. The birds had weekly performance evaluations, and after 90 days, eight birds (four males and four females) in each treatment were slaughtered for evaluation of carcass traits. Data collected were subjected to Tukey test at 5% of significance. Differences were observed (p<0.05) in performance (feed intake and feed conversion), where average levels of sodium presented better results. In carcass yields, average levels presented a positive influence (p<0.05) on muscovy duck growth. Male muscovy ducks presented better feed efficiency than females in the same period. The present study indicates that nutritional plan 3 (initial = 0.25%; growth = 0.30% and termination = 0.35%) showed better nutritional requirements of sodium for muscovy ducks in housing, obtaining better performance and carcass development.

Resumo Esse trabalho objetiva a avaliação da dinâmica temporal do reservatório de Serra da Mesa (GO) de maneira semi-automática e precisa, utilizando imagens orbitais. Para estimar a área plana da barragem foram utilizadas imagens Landsat TM e OLI para o período de 1998 a 2018. As imagens foram processadas por meio da plataforma Google Earth Engine a fim de obter a área da barragem (km²), vazão, dimensão e volume do reservatório ao longo dos anos. A barragem apresentou variação constante de água desde o seu início, com uma tendência decrescente. Os maiores valores das métricas de medição do reservatório foram observados nos anos coincidentes com os maiores volumes da barragem e os menores volumes foram detectados após a implementação de novas barragens a montante. Mais de 90% da variação da dimensão da água pode ser explicada pela área plana da barragem. A plataforma de processamento que utiliza o GEE é eficaz para fornecer uma análise temporal extensa e com grande volume de dados em pouco tempo, com resultados precisos e robustos.

Abstract The goal of this study was to assess the temporal dynamics of an accumulation reservoir in an accessible and accurate way. The study was conducted on the Serra da Mesa Dam (GO) using orbital images. To estimate the flat area of the dam surface, Landsat TM and OLI images for the period 1998 to 2018 were used. The images were processed using the Google Earth Engine platform (GEE) in order to obtain the dam surface area (km²) and relate it to the flow, altimetric height and volume of the reservoir over the years. The dam showed constant variation of water since its inception, with a decreasing trend. The highest values of the reservoir measurement metrics were observed in the years coincident with the largest areas of the dam, and inversely proportional to the years of the appearance of new dams upstream. More than 90% of the altimetric height variation of water could be explained by the flat area of the dam. The processing platform using the GEE is effective to provide extensive temporal analysis using a large volume of data in a short time, with accurate and robust results.

This article reports the synthesis of two zinc(II) complexes containing phenoxy-imine ligands and their application as initiators of bulk ring opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide (LLA). The phenoxy-imine ligands (L1 and L2) were obtained by condensation reactions of salicylaldehyde derivatives with 2,6-diisopropylaniline. The reactions of L1 and L2 with ZnEt2 in the presence of n-BuOH afforded [Zn(L1)(OBu)] (C1) and [Zn(L2)(OBu)] (C2), which were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the geometries of both complexes were investigated by DFT (B3LYP/LACV3P**) calculations. C1 and C2 were tested as initiators of ROP of LLA at 180 °C using different LLA/Zn molar ratios, namely 500, 1000 and 2500. Both complexes showed good activity, resulting in conversions up to 90-92% in 2 h. The poly(L-lactide) obtained displayed Mn ranging from 40.000-109.000, relatively low polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.2-2.1) and high stereoregularity with Tm = 176 °C.

Composites derived from coordination polymers have been gathering great attention due to their singular properties and applications, especially catalysis and adsorption. In this work, seven new composites based on activated carbon (AC) and lanthanide-succinates (LnSuc; Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er and Tm, and Suc = succinate) 3D-coordination polymers were obtained using hydrothermal reactions. Coordination polymers in LnSuc@AC composites (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) crystallize in monoclinic system and C2/c space group. However, the LnSuc in composites with Dy, Er and Tm have different crystal structures, due to the influence of the carbon matrix in the reaction. The systems were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, and the results are in agreement with the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm the crystallization of the compounds inside the pores of the carbon material. Photophysical properties of the NdSuc@AC and DySuc@AC were also investigated.

Resumo Introdução: O Comportamento sedentário (CS) tem sido descrito como fator de risco independente para saúde, a despeito da recomendação de atividade física moderada a intensa (AFMI). Contudo, pouco foi investigado se CS e AFMI são preditores da ocorrência de quedas. Objetivo: Comparar as associações entre CS e AFMI e a ocorrência de quedas em adultos de meia-idade e idosos. Método: Os participantes usaram acelerômetro triaxial no quadril dominante por sete dias para obtenção de CS e AFMI. A ocorrência de quedas e o risco cardiovascular foram avaliados através de autorrelato. Avaliamos o pico de torque (PT) isocinético da extensão de joelho, o pico de consumo de oxigênio (V’O2) em protocolo de rampa na esteira, e massa magra (MMC) e gordura (GC) corporais (bioimpedância elétrica). Comparamos o papel de CS e AFMI na ocorrência de quedas através de regressões lineares múltiplas ajustadas por idade, sexo, fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular, MMC, V’O2 pico, e PT da extensão de joelho. Resultados: Avaliamos 379 participantes de 40 - 80 anos. Quarenta e oito participantes reportaram, pelo menos, uma queda nos 12 meses anteriores ao estudo (14.5%). Os caidores apresentaram menor CS e maior AFMI. Eles eram predominantemente mulheres e idosos com menor aptidão física. Após as análises multivariadas, AFMI foi selecionada como preditor independente da ocorrência de quedas, aumentando o odds ratio de cair (1.184, 95% intervalo de confiança, 1.016 - 1.378). Conclusão: Os episódios de quedas, sobretudo em mulheres de meia-idade, foram associados com maior AFMI, indicando efeito adverso da AFMI nestes sujeitos.

Abstract Introduction: Sedentary behavior (SB) has been described as an independent risk factor for health, regardless of the recommended amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, SB and MVPA as predictors of falls have been poorly investigated. Objective: To compare the associations between SB and MVPA and the occurrence of falls in middle-aged and older adults. Method: The participants wore a triaxial accelerometer over the dominant hip for seven days to measure SB and MVPA. The occurrence of falls and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by self-report. Isokinetic peak torque (PT) of knee extension, peak oxygen uptake (V’O2) in a ramp treadmill protocol, and lean (LBM) body mass and body fat (BFM) (bioelectrical impedance) were also assessed. The critical roles of SB and MVPA on the occurrence of falls were compared by multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, LBM, peak V’O2, and PT of knee extension. Results: 379 participants were evaluated, aged 40-80 years. Forty-eight participants reported at least one fall in the previous 12 months (14.5%). Fallers presented lower SB and higher MVPA. They were predominantly women and older adults with lower physical fitness. After multivariate analysis, MVPA, but not SB, was selected as an independent predictor of falls, increasing the odds ratio of having a fall (1.184, 95% confidence interval, 1.016 - 1.378). Conclusion: Episodes of falls in predominantly middle-aged and women subjects were associated with a higher amount of MVPA, not the opposite, indicating an adverse effect of MVPA in these subjects.

Resumen Introducción: El comportamiento sedentario (CS) se ha descrito como un factor de riesgo independiente para la salud, independientemente de la cantidad recomendada de actividad física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV). El CS y el AFMV como predictores de caídas fueron poco investigados. Objetivo: Comparar las asociaciones entre CS y AFMV, y la ocurrencia de caídas en adultos de mediana edad y mayores. Método: Los participantes usaron un acelerómetro triaxial durante siete días para medir CS y AFMV. La ocurrencia de caídas y factores de riesgo cardiovascular se evaluaron mediante autoinforme. Se evaluó el torque máximo isocinético (TM) de la extensión de la rodilla, el consumo máximo de oxígeno (V’O2) en un protocolo de rampa en la estera, y masas corporales magra (MMC) y grasa (GC) (impedancia bioeléctrica). Comparamos los papeles de CS y AFMV en la ocurrencia de caídas mediante la regresión logística múltiple ajustada por edad, sexo, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, MMC, pico de V’O2 y TM de la extensión de la rodilla. Resultados: Se evaluaron 379 participantes de 40 - 80 años. Cuarenta y ocho participantes informaron al menos una caída en los 12 meses previos (14,5%). Caedores presentaron menor CS y mayor AFMV. Eran predominantemente mujeres y mayores con menor aptitud física. Después de los análisis multivariados, AFMV, pero no CS, fue seleccionada como predictor independiente de caídas, lo que aumentó la odds ratio de tener una caída (1.184, intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,016 - 1,378). Conclusión: los episodios de caídas en mujeres de mediana edad se asociaron con mayor AFMV, lo que indica un efecto adverso de AFMV en estos sujetos.

RESUMO A maciez da carne é um atributo importante para os consumidores do mundo todo. Porém, ainda faltam estudos sobre sua importância na área de carne de cordeiro para consumidores brasileiros. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a avaliação dos consumidores em relação à carne de cordeiro com força de cisalhamento elevada. Oito cordeiros foram abatidos com 32,5 ± 2,5kg de peso vivo e 5 a 6 meses de idade. O músculo Longissimus dorsi das meias carcaças foi distribuído aleatoriamente em quatro diferentes processamentos postmortem: Carne Endurecida (CE), obtido pelo encurtamento pelo frio, Carne Fresca (CF), maturada por 3 (M3) e 7 (M7) dias postmortem . As variáveis medidas foram comprimento do sarcômero, força de cisalhamento (FC), índice de fragmentação miofibrilar (IFM)e testes sensoriais de aceitação afetiva com escala hedônica de nove pontos para textura, suculência e qualidade global. O processamento postmortem para CE resultou em menor sarcômero e maiores valores de FC (p <0,05) em comparação com outras amostras, enquanto estas não diferiram entre si. O IFM foi maior para M7 em relação à CE (p <0,05), enquanto CF e M3 apresentaram valores intermediários que não diferiram. Noteste sensorial, as amostras de CE receberam escores menores (p <0,01) para todos os atributos comparados aos demais tratamentos, que não diferiram entre si. Os consumidores avaliaram negativamente a carne que apresentou alta FC. Porém, estudos devem ser realizados para elucidar o impacto de diferenças menores, em faixas intermediárias de FC, na avaliação do consumidor.

SUMMARY Meat tenderness is a major attribute for consumers worldwide. However, few studies investigate the importance of lamb meat tenderness for Brazilian consumers. This study assessed consumers’ evaluation of lamb meat with high shear forces. Eight lambs were slaughtered at 32.5±2.5kg of live weight and 5 to 6 months of age. The Longissimus dorsi muscle from both half carcasses was randomly assigned to four different postmortem processes: Tough Meat (TM), obtained by cold shortening, Fresh Meat (FM), Aging for 3 (A3) and 7 (A7) days postmortem . The variables measured were the sarcomere length, shear force (WBSF) and myofibrillar fragmentation index. We also applied the sensory analysis using affective acceptance tests with hedonic scale of nine points to measure texture, juiciness and overall quality of the meat. The postmortem processing for TM resulted in shorter sarcomere and greater shear values (p <0.05) compared to all other samples, while FM, A3 and A7, did not differ between the samples. Myofibrillar fragmentation was greater for A7 compared to TM (p <0.05), while FM and A3 showed intermediate values that did not differ between the treatments. In the sensory analysis, TM samples received significantly lower scores (p <0.01) for all attributes compared to other treatments and the attributes were not different between the post rigor processes. Consumers identified and evaluated negatively the meat samples with high WBSF. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the impact of smaller differences in WBSF, at intermediate values, on consumers’ evaluation.

ABSTRACT Aspects related to epidemiology of flies belonging to Fannia genus were studied in order to determine predisposing factors for its occurrence in layer hens houses of commercial farms in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. An observational, analytical and sectional survey was conducted to verify major epidemiological aspects associated to infestations. This research was accomplished starting from an adapted secondary database of and structured with information on the presence and absence of ectoparasites and arthropods, characteristics of chicken houses, the poultry, type of facilities, geographical location and the management. The study was conducted in four hundred and thirty one houses located in forty three farms visited in 2012 year in the state of Minas Gerais. Ten farms (23.25%) and sixty eight houses (15,77%) were observed the presence diptera belonging to Fannia genus. The specie Fannia admirabilis was found in four farms (9,30%), Fannia albitarsis in two farms (4,65%) and only in one farm (2.32%) was observed the presence of Fannia canicularis. For three farms 6,98% was no possible to identify the species only Fannia genus. The epidemiological aspects for the occurrence of these flies were investigated using Poisson regression models. Characteristics such as farm, city of farm, presence of Histeridae beetles, type of facility (cage, on the floor with or without bedding) and the existence of mechanical removal of manure were associated with the occurrence of Fannia spp.

SUMMARY: Anatomic differences are found between human males and females. These characteristics of sexual dimorphism vary across populations and have important implications for the study of human evolution. Researchers have employed anthropological tools for the characterization of human cadavers in different states of decomposition using complete skeletons, isolated bones or even bone fragments. The aim of the present study was to differentiate males and females based on morphometric aspects of human tibias from the Brazilian population. Sixty pairs of adult human tibias were obtained from bone collection of the Anatomy Sector of the Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology of the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. Ten measurements were made on the joint face of the tibial plateau: Anteroposterior diameter of the joint surface of the medial condyle (APM), Transverse diameter of the joint surface of the medial condyle (TM), Anteroposterior diameter of the joint surface of the lateral condyle (APL), Transverse diameter of the joint surface of the lateral condyle (TL), Anterior transverse measure of inter-condyle area (ATI), Posterior transverse measure of inter-condyle area (PTI), Middle transverse measure of inter-condyle area (MTI), Anteroposterior measure of inter-condyle area (API), Anterior measure of intercondyle area (AI) and Posterior measure of inter-condyle area (PI). The median morphometric values for the males’ proximal tibia were: APM - 4.707 ± 0.406; TM - 3.024 ± 0.307; APL -4.023 ± 0.414; TL - 3.405 ± 0.323; ATI - 3.365 ± 0.425; PTIc - 1.788 ± 0.307; MTI - 1.167 ± 0.279; API - 5.140 ± 0.377; AI - 2.865 ± 0.249 and PI - 2.297 ± 0.344. The median morphometric numbers for the female’s proximal tibia were: APM - 4.334 ± 0.317; TM - 2.702 ± 0.298; APL - 3.549 ± 0.382; TL - 2.991 ± 0.281; ATI - 2.818 ± 0.307; PTI - 1.555 ± 0.222; MTI - 1.054 ± 0.262; API - 4.596 ± 0.303; AI - 2.565 ± 0.21; PI - 2.031 ± 0.225. All parameters measured showed values significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the male’s proximal tibia. The findings demonstrate sexual dimorphism in this leg bone, which can be used with considerable reliability for scientific and forensic purposes. The results of these studies can be useful in cases where other methods are not applicable, increasing the range of options for forensic investigation.

RESUMEN: Se encuentran diferencias anatómicas entre hombres y mujeres. Estas características del dimorfismo sexual varían entre las poblaciones y tienen implicaciones importantes para el estudio de la evolución humana. Los investigadores han empleado herramientas antropológicas para la caracterización de cadáveres humanos en diferentes estados de descomposición utilizando esqueletos completos, huesos aislados o incluso fragmentos óseos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue diferenciar a hombres y mujeres basándose en aspectos morfométricos de las tibias humanas de la población brasileña. Se obtuvieron sesenta pares de tibias adultas en la recolección ósea del Sector de Anatomía del Departamento de Morfología Animal y Fisiología de la Universidad Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil. Se realizaron diez mediciones en la cara articular de la meseta tibial: Diámetro anteroposterior de la superficie articular del cóndilo medial (APM), diámetro transversal de la superficie articular del cóndilo medial (TM), diámetro anteroposterior de la superficie articular del códilo lateral (APL), diámetro transversal de la superficie articular del cóndilo lateral (TL), medida transversa anterior del área intercondílea (ATI), medida transversal posterior del área intercondílea (PTI), medida anteroposterior del área intercondílea (API), medida anterior del área intercondílea (AI) y medida posterior del área intercondílea (PI). Los valores morfométricos medianos para la tibia proximal de los varones fueron: APM - 4.707 ± 0.406; TM - 3,024 ± 0,307; APL 4,023 ± 0,414; TL - 3,405 ± 0,323; ATI - 3.365 ± 0,425; PTI - 1,788 ± 0,307; MTI - 1,167 ± 0,279; API - 5.140 ± 0.377; AI - 2,865 ± 0,249 y PI - 2,297 ± 0,344. Los números morfométricos medianos para la tíbia proximal de la hembra fueron: APM - 4.334 ± 0.317; TM - 2,702 ± 0,298; APL - 3,549 ± 0,382; TL - 2,991 ± 0,281; ATI - 2,818 ± 0,307; PTI - 1.555 ± 0.222; MTI 1,054 ± 0,262; API - 4.596 ± 0.303; AI - 2,565 ± 0,21; PI 2.031 ± 0,225. Todos los parámetros medidos mostraron valores significativamente más altos (p <0,05) para la tibia proximal del varón. Los hallazgos demuestran dimorfismo sexual en este hueso de la pierna, que se puede utilizar con una fiabilidad considerable para fines científicos y forenses. Los resultados de estos estudios pueden ser útiles en casos donde otros métodos no son aplicables, aumentando el rango de opciones para la investigación forense.