Petroleum reserves available worldwide are geologically based mainly on sedimentary and carbonate rocks, and the reservoir performance depends on the intrinsic properties of each rock and their response to changes in wettability. Recently, the change in wettability with low-salinity brine has been used to improve the oil recovery, which is an environmentally friendly and low investment, but there is no unanimity about the mechanisms of oil recovery process. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the process involved in the wettability associated with interactions between the surface of powdered reservoir rock samples and the surrounding fluids. The reservoir rock surface (sandstone, calcite and dolomite) was evaluated under three different conditions. The total amount of adsorbed oil on aged samples was twice as high in carbonate rocks as in sandstone. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) for the desorption steps of the organic fraction on dolomite and calcite indicates that the treatment under high brine concentration favored the oil desorption and the opposite result was observed for sandstone. This behavior suggests that carbonate rocks adsorb more strongly the organic phase compared to sandstone. Recently lowsalinity salinity investment Therefore fluids sandstone, sandstone (sandstone conditions TGA (TGA

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to compare the dry matter intake, milk yield and quality, physiological and biochemical parameters in Holstein (n=10) and Jersey (n=10) cows under heat stress and insolation, in two treatments: CL - cooling by ventilation and sprinkling and HS - heat stress and insolation. Data were submitted to ANOVA. There was an interaction between treatment and breed and day effect for dry matter intake. For consumption in % of body weight, CL and Jersey cows consumed more. CL cows produced more milk and 3.5% fat-corrected milk. Feed efficiency was similar between treatments and breeds. Fat, lactose, total solids, and somatic cell score did not differ. The concentration of milk urea nitrogen was higher for CL cows. Milk from Holstein cows had greater stability to alcohol, and from HT cows had a greater freezing point of milk. HT cows had higher respiratory rates in the morning and surface temperatures in the afternoon. There were no differences in beta-hydroxybutyrate and glucose concentrations. Heat stress, with insulation, reduces intake, especially in Holstein cows, as well as milk production and increases the freezing point of milk, respiratory rate, and surface temperature.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o consumo de matéria seca, a produção e a qualidade do leite, os parâmetros fisiológicos e bioquímicos em vacas das raças Holandesa (n=10) e Jersey (n=10) sob estresse calórico e insolação, em dois tratamentos: CL - resfriamento por ventilação e aspersão; HS - estresse térmico e insolação. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. Houve interação entre tratamento e raça e efeito de dia para consumo de matéria seca. Para consumo em % de peso vivo, vacas CL e Jersey consumiram mais. Vacas CL produziram mais leite e leite corrigido a 3,5% de gordura. A eficiência alimentar foi similar entre tratamentos e raças. Teores de gordura, lactose, sólidos totais e escore de células somáticas não diferiram. A concentração de nitrogênio ureico do leite foi maior para vacas CL. O leite das vacas Holandesas apresentou maior estabilidade ao álcool, e de vacas HT maior crioscopia. Vacas HT apresentaram maior frequência respiratória de manhã e temperatura superficial à tarde. Não houve diferenças para concentração de beta-hidroxibutirato e glicose. O estresse calórico, com insolação, reduz o consumo, especialmente em vacas Holandesas, bem como a produção de leite, com aumento da crioscopia, elevando a frequência respiratória e a temperatura superficial.

Pectis brevipedunculata is native species and widely available in dry and semi-arid ecosystems showing high biotechnological potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the circadian and seasonal chemical variation of the essential oil (EO) of P. brevipedunculata, as well as its acaricide effect on Rhipicephalus microplus larvae. Aerial parts were collected and submitted to the hydrodistillation process, and the chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For the assays with R. microplus, the larval immersion test was performed. The main constituents were citral (75% of the EO), followed by α-pinene and limonene. In the seasonality analysis, the highest yields were in the months of April (2.08%) and August (2.05%), while in the study of circadian rhythm, the percentage was 2.0% at 6 p.m. in the rainy season, and 1.2%, dry season at 6 p.m. Concerning acaricidal activity (50% lethal concentration (LC50)), the April (1.17 mg mL-1), March (1.28 mg mL-1), June (1.37 mg mL-1), and October (1.27 mg mL-1) oils obtained were the most active and assays performed with circadian rhythm revealed in the rain season (April) at 6 p.m. and dry season (September) at 12 a.m. LC50 values of 1.75 and 1.75 mg mL-1, respectively. Additionally, this EO is selective to non-target organisms, i.e., ladybeetles and lacewing.

Abstract It is described for the first time the synthesis and characterization of NiMn2O4 employing the Mn ores from the Amazon Region as starting material, instead of using commercial reagents as normally occurs in its synthesis process. Initially, an Mn ore was transformed into a single product, the octahedral layer (OL) manganese oxide with Ni2+ ions interlayer (Ni-OL-2), which was used as a matrix to obtain NiMn2O4 by thermal decomposition. The following techniques were used for characterization: X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies. The results revealed that Mn oxide ore composed of nsutite mineral transformed into a well-ordered crystalline Ni-OL-2 phase, after the hydrothermal and cation exchange process. The thermal decomposition of Ni-OL-2 produced the nickel manganite phase at 850 °C with spherical ball morphology and crystal sizes in the range of 200-300 nm.

Abstract Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) are increasingly being used in telecommunications systems due to the numerous advantages presented by this sort of structure, among them low cost, ease of fabrication, and low profile stand out. This work reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of a multilayer frequency-selective absorber (FSA) for broadband operation. The proposed structure shows an absorption performance (operating in the frequency range between 2 GHz and 6 GHz) within the transmission band. The absorber consists of cascaded frequency selective surfaces, which are composed of both conductive square loops, which reflect incident signals, and resistive ones, which act as an absorbing layer. To verify the absorbing structure performance, full-wave numerical simulations and measurements are presented. The measured results are in good agreement with the numerical ones and show that the design performs absorption above 80% within the range of 2.48 GHz to 6.13 GHz, which verifies the project properties. Besides that, numerical results show that the proposed absorber has a proper response under oblique incidence up to 30°.

ABSTRACT: Pullorum disease is described worldwide and is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum). S. Pullorum infection is important in commercial poultry, provoking a systemic disease with high mortality rates. Its occurrence requires notification, and when it is diagnosed in commercial breeding flocks, its eradication is demanded. The aim of this study was to report a severe outbreak of Pullorum disease in young Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), resulting in 100% mortality of keets (n=290) within the first two weeks of age. All examined keets had enlarged liver, kidneys and spleen (5/5), and the affected tissues were submitted to histological and bacteriological examination. On histopathology, random paratyphoid nodules characterized by areas of necrosis with fibrin and a moderate infiltrate of macrophages and heterophils were observed in the liver. In kidneys, discrete areas of necrosis associated with moderate multifocal infiltrates of lymphocytes, and plasma cells were observed. In the spleen, a moderate infiltrate of macrophages was noticed. Isolation of colonies suggestive of S. Pullorum from liver and spleen was performed in selective agars and, after biochemical tests, confirmed by specific duplex-PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolated strain revealed resistance to only sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim among the tested antimicrobials. The S. Pullorum isolate recovered in the present study was highly pathogenic to N. meleagris and may represent a risk to other avian species, including industrial poultry.

RESUMO: A pulorose é descrita mundialmente e é causada por Salmonella enterica subespécie enterica sorovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum). A infecção por S. Pullorum é importante em aves comerciais, provocando doença sistêmica com altas taxas de mortalidade. Sua ocorrência requer notificação e quando diagnosticada em aves de criação comercial resulta na erradicação do plantel. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um surto grave de pulorose em filhotes de galinhas-d’Angola (Numida meleagris), resultando em 100% de mortalidade das aves (n=290) nas primeiras duas semanas de idade. Os pintinhos recebidos tinham hepato, espleno e nefromegalia (5/5). Os tecidos dos cinco indivíduos recebidos foram submetidos a exame histológico e bacteriológico. Na histopatologia, foram observados nódulos paratifoides aleatórios caracterizados por áreas de necrose com fibrina e infiltrado moderado de macrófagos e heterófilos no fígado. Nos rins, foram observadas áreas discretas de necrose associadas a infiltrados multifocais moderados de linfócitos e plasmócitos. No baço, foi observado infiltrado moderado de macrófagos. O isolamento de colônias sugestivas de S. Pullorum de fígados e baços foi realizado em ágares seletivos e, após testes bioquímicos, confirmado por duplex-PCR específico. A susceptibilidade antimicrobiana da cepa isolada revelou resistência apenas ao sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim entre os antimicrobianos testados. O isolado de S. Pullorum recuperado no presente estudo foi altamente patogênico para N. meleagris e pode representar um risco para outras espécies de aves, incluindo aves industriais.

Abstract The number of deaths associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increases every year, leading to an intense search for new compounds that may be employed as anticoagulants. One of the classes of bioprospected molecules comprises sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from seaweed, as heparin displays many adverse effects associated with its use. The present study aimed to characterize and evaluate the anticoagulant potential of SP extracted from the green algae Halimeda opuntia. Four PS-rich fractions, F23, F44, F60 and F75, were obtained by proteolytic digestion in papain followed by ethanol precipitation. The presence of SP was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis, revealing different populations in each fraction. The F44 fraction is noteworthy compared to the other fractions, presenting a 5% yield compared to the initial algae weight and anticoagulant activity revealed by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay (intrinsic/common coagulation pathway). Surprisingly, F44 purification (SP peak P1F44) resulted in prothrombin time (PT) activity (extrinsic coagulation pathway) at a 160 µg/mL, in addition to enhanced APTT activity. The P1F44 anticoagulant activity mechanism was shown to be dependent on two coagulations factors, IIa and Xa, more potent via IIa. Future assessments will be performed to assess this fraction in the medical clinic.

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the inconsistency between clinical diagnosis of death and autopsy findings in adolescents with chronic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study including a sample of adolescents’ autopsies who died in a pediatric and adolescent tertiary hospital over 18 consecutive years. During this period, there were n = 2912 deaths, and n = 581/2912(20%) occurred in adolescents. Of these, n = 85/581(15%) underwent autopsies and were analyzed. Further results were divided into two groups: Goldman classes I or II (high disagreement between main clinical diagnosis of death and anatomopathological findings, n = 26) and Goldman classes III, IV or V (low or no disagreement between these two parameters, n = 59). Results: Median age at death (13.5 [10‒19] vs. 13 [10‒19] years, p = 0.495) and disease duration (22 [0‒164] vs. 20 [0‒200] months, p = 0.931), and frequencies for males (58% vs. 44%, p = 0.247) were similar between class I/II vs. class III/IV/V. The frequency of pneumonia (73% vs. 48%, p = 0.029), pulmonary abscess (12% vs. 0%, p = 0.026), as well as isolation of yeast (27% vs. 5%, p = 0.008), and virus (15% vs. 2%, p = 0.029) identified in the autopsy, were significantly higher in adolescents with Goldman class I/II compared to those with Goldman class III/IV/V. In contrast, cerebral edema was significantly lower in adolescents of the first group (4% vs. 25%, p = 0.018). Conclusion: This study showed that 30% of the adolescents with chronic diseases had major discrepancies between clinical diagnosis of death and autopsy findings. Pneumonia, pulmonary abscess, as well as isolation of yeast and virus were more frequently identified at autopsy findings in the groups with major discrepancies.

Abstract Water stress limits the initial growth and development of maize mass and grain, as well as the physiological process for absorbing the amount of mineral elements. The objective was to evaluate the effect of silicon on germination and growth of corn seedlings submitted to water deficit. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory and the experimental design was completely randomized (factorial 3 × 4), with three concentrations of calcium silicate (0.0; 1.0 and 2.0 mM) and 4 solutions of PEG-6000 to simulate different osmotic potentials (0, 0; -0.3; -0.6; -0.9 MPa). Germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), percentage of non-germinated and abnormal germinated, length and dry matter of shoot, root and total seedlings were evaluated. Water deficiency reduced the parameters TG, GSI and MGT. The water deficit reduce the MSPA, MSR and MST with more than 80% reduction in mass from seedlings without deficiency to seedlings with deficiency. For CPA, CR and CT there was a reduction of at least 87%, 70% and 77%, respectively, among seeds without deficiency compared to seeds submitted to deficiency. The use of silicon in corn seeds did not attenuate the stress caused by water deficit simulated by PEG-6000.

Resumo O estresse hídrico limita o crescimento inicial e o desenvolvimento da massa e do grão de milho, assim como no processo fisiológico para a absorção da quantidade de elementos minerais. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do silício na germinação e no crescimento de plântulas de milho submetidas a deficiência hídrica. O experimento foi desenvolvido em laboratório e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) (fatorial 3 × 4), sendo três concentrações de Silicato de cálcio (0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 mM) e 4 soluções de PEG-6000 a simular diferentes potenciais osmóticos (0,0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9 MPa). Foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), o tempo médio de germinação (TMG), a porcentagem de não germinadas e de germinadas anormais, o comprimento e matéria seca da parte aérea, raiz e total das plântulas. A deficiência hídrica diminuiu os parâmetros TG, IVG e TMG. O déficit hídrico reduz a MSPA, MSR e MST com mais de 80% de redução da massa das plântulas sem deficiência para as plântulas com deficiência. Para CPA, CR e CT houve redução de, no mínimo, 87%, 70% e 77%, respectivamente entre as sementes sem deficiência em comparação as sementes submetidas a deficiência. A utilização de silício em sementes de milho não atenuou o estresse causado pela deficiência hídrica simulada por PEG-6000.

Abstract Low density sugarcane plantation (LDSP) has been implemented by some sugarcane producers in Brazil, aiming to save seeds and operational costs. The study was carried out in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. Five planting densities were used, varying from 5 to 25 m-2 of buds arranged in randomized blocks, with four replications. Data were measured annually over three cultivation cycles (2017 to 2020), during which the field was fertilized with NPK and the harvests were carried out manually without prior burning. The lower planting density presents higher productivity only in the cane plant (101.03 t ha-1) due to the higher plant height (2.37 m) and the higher number of stalks (11 stalks m-2), suggesting that these variables are due to the greater availability of light, water and photosynthate. However, there is a drastic reduction in sugarcane yield for this lower population in the 2nd ratoon by up to 65.62%, which is correlated with number of stalks per meter. We demonstrate the agronomic viability of LDSP in the population of 10 buds m-2 in relation to conventional planting of sugarcane until the 2nd ratoon. Data are important for future studies to present additional considerations for other production factors, such as the effects of mechanized harvesting and the management of nutrients and water, assessing the sustainability of this large-scale planting system.

Resumo O método de plantio de cana-de-açúcar de baixa densidade (LDSP) vem sendo implementado por alguns produtores de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, visando economia de sementes e custos operacionais. O estudo foi realizado no município de Areia, Paraíba, Brasil. Utilizou-se cinco densidades de plantio, variando de 5 a 25 m-2 de gemas dispostas em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os dados foram medidos anualmente ao longo de três ciclos de cultivo (2017 a 2020). Menor densidade de plantio mostrou maior produtividade (101,03 t ha-1) devido à maior altura de planta (2,37 m) e ao maior número de hastes (NS) (11 hastes m-2), sugerindo que essas variáveis são devido à maior disponibilidade de luz, água e fotoassimilados. No entanto, houve redução drástica na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar para esta população menor na 2ª soca em 65,62%, estando correlacionado com o número de colmos por metro. Demonstramos a viabilidade agronômica do LDSP em uma população de 10 gemas m-2 em relação ao plantio convencional de cana-de-açúcar até a 2ª soca. Os dados são importantes para que estudos futuros apresentem considerações adicionais sobre outros fatores de produção, como os efeitos da colheita mecanizada e do manejo de nutrientes e água, avaliando a sustentabilidade desse sistema de plantio em larga escala.

RESUMO Para estudos de desempenho térmico, a modelagem computacional tem sido apresentada como uma importante ferramenta na tomada de decisões para solucionar problemas complexos e cotidianos na produção e pesquisa em avicultura. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo validar modelos computacionais desenvolvidos por meio do programa EnergyPlus e a partir destes avaliar o desempenho térmico de um aviário com diferentes tipos de telhas (termoacústicas, cerâmicas, fibrocimento e metálicas). A pesquisa consistiu em duas etapas: uma fase experimental e outra fase para a simulação computacional das condições climáticas em quatro modelos de aviário, considerando diferentes tipos de telhas. A fase experimental foi conduzida em duas estações climáticas, inverno (2019) e verão (2020), onde foram aferidos e registrados os dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar através de seis data loggers HOBO modelo H12, distribuídos no interior de um aviário localizado no semiárido pernambucano. Para a simulação computacional, foi desenvolvido um modelo virtual do galpão com auxílio da interface gráfica de usuário OpenStudio no Sketchup, e posteriormente o cálculo do desempenho térmico foi realizado por meio do software EnergyPlus. A validação dos modelos mostrou uma forte correlação entre os dados obtidos de maneira experimental e os simulados, apresentando valores do coeficiente de correlação de Pearsons (r) maiores que 0.95. As simulações demonstraram a influência das telhas no desempenho térmico da edificação avaliada, onde para as condições climáticas do semiárido pernambucano, o melhor desempenho térmico foi apresentado pelas telhas termoacústicas, seguido das telhas cerâmicas, de fibrocimento e metálicas.

ABSTRACT For studies of thermal performance, computational modeling has been presented as an important decision-making tool to solve complex and everyday problems in poultry production and research. Thus, the present study aimed to validate computational models developed using the EnergyPlus software package and, based on these, evaluate the thermal performance of a poultry house with different types of tiles (thermoacoustic, ceramic, fiber-cement, and metal). The research consisted of two stages: an experimental phase and another phase in which the climatic conditions in four aviary models are numerically simulated, considering different types of tiles. The experimental phase was conducted in two climate seasons, winter (2019) and summer (2020), where air temperature and relative air humidity data were measured and recorded using six HOBO model H12 data loggers distributed inside an aviary located in the semiarid region of Pernambuco state, Brazil. For the computer simulation, a virtual model of the house was developed using the OpenStudio graphical user interface in Sketchup, and the thermal performance was calculated using the EnergyPlus software package. The models were validated, showing a strong correlation between the experimental and simulated data, with Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) values greater than 0.95. The simulations demonstrated the influence of the roof tiles on the thermal performance of the evaluated building. For the climatic conditions of the semiarid region of the Pernambuco state, thermoacoustic roof tiles presented the best thermal performance, followed by ceramic, fiber-cement, and metal roof tiles.

RESUMO O amendoinzeiro é uma das leguminosas mais produzidas no mundo, no entanto, há carência de conhecimentos da sua necessidade nutricional e das fases de maior demanda, sendo necessários estudos sobre a marcha de absorção de nutrientes pela cultura. O objetivo deste experimento foi determinar a taxa de absorção na parte vegetativa e vagens, o acúmulo de macronutrientes na parte vegetativa, vagens e total, e a exportação de nutrientes em vagens, durante o ciclo do amendoim, cv Runner IAC 503, cultivado sob irrigação total. A cultivar IAC 503, do tipo Runner, foi conduzida sob manejo de irrigação plena, na Fazenda Experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias pertencente a Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, de março a agosto de 2019. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com tratamentos constituídos por nove avaliações de taxa de absorção de macronutrientes e acúmulo de macronutrientes 35, 49, 63, 77, 91, 105, 119, 133 e 147 dias após a semeadura, com quatro repetições. As maiores demandas nutricionais do amendoim ocorreram de 63 a 105 dias após a semeadura. Maiores acúmulos totais de nutrientes foram alcançados aos 118 DAS, com 234,8; 173,5; 79,0; 45,8; 23,4 e 18,8 kg ha-1 para N, K, Ca, Mg, P e S, respectivamente. As exportações de macronutrientes contidos nas vagens foram de 138,8; 43,9; 14,6; 12,0; 7,3 e 5,4 kg ha-1 para N, K, P, Mg, S e Ca, respectivamente. O K exportado na colheita foi duas vezes maior que a quantidade aplicada na semeadura, seguindo a recomendação brasileira atual, o que pode causar esgotamento do nutriente no solo.

ABSTRACT Peanuts are one of the most produced legumes in the world; however, there is a lack of knowledge on their nutritional needs and the growth phases with greater demands; therefore research is required on the nutrient absorption rate of the crop. The objectives of this study were to determine the rates of absorption in the vegetative part and the pods, the accumulation of macronutrients in the vegetative part, pods, and in total, and the nutrient export to pods during the cycle of the peanut, cv Runner IAC 503, grown under full irrigation. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal campus, SP, Brazil, from March to August 2019 using a randomized block design, with evaluations of the macronutrient absorption rate and accumulation at 35, 49, 63, 77, 91, 105, 119, 133 and 147 days after sowing, with four replications. Higher nutritional demands of peanuts occurred between 63 and 105 days after sowing. Greater total accumulation of nutrients was reached at 118 DAS, with 234.8, 173.5, 79.0, 45.8, 23.4 and 18.8 kg ha-1 for N, K, Ca, Mg, P, and S, respectively. Exports of macronutrients contained in the pods totaled 138.8, 43.9, 14.6, 12.0, 7.3 and 5.4 kg ha-1 for N, K, P, Mg, S and Ca, respectively. Exported K in the harvest was two times greater than the applied amount at sowing, which followed the current Brazilian recommendation, causing possible depletion of this nutrient in the soil.

Abstract The present work aimed at evaluating the microstructures and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered WC-6 wt% Co ceramic composites doped with boron (0.2 and 0.5 wt%). W-50 at% C (W-6.13 wt% C) powders produced under different milling times (20, 60, 180, and 600 min) were used as starting materials and subsequently mixed with Co (6 wt%) and B (0.2 or 0.5 wt%) powders for 5 min. The resultant WC-Co-B powder mixtures were consolidated by spark plasma sintering at 1450 °C for 10 min at 40 MPa under vacuum in order to obtain the samples with 10 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness. The starting powders and the sintered samples were characterized by laser diffraction particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, relative density, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, Vickers hardness test, and diametral compression test. Supersaturated W solid solution (WSS) with a crystallite size of <50 nm was formed in W-50C (at%) powder mixtures. The relative density of the sintered composites increased with the increasing milling time up to 180 min from 79.7%±0.6% to 86.7%±0.5% for WC-6Co-0.2B and from 86.7%±0.6% to 90.9%±0.4% for WC-6Co-0.5B. Furthermore, the WC phase appeared as the matrix in the sintered samples, and W2CoB2 precipitated homogeneously around WC grain boundaries, mainly to those containing 0.5% B. The Vickers hardness values of the sintered WC-6Co-0.2B and WC-6Co-0.5B ranged from 1790±39 to 2158±25 HV and 1858±31 to 2182±28 HV, respectively. The fracture strength (determined by diametral compression test) varied between 144-353 MPa due to the porosity and precipitates in thin-thickness cylinder samples.