ABSTRACT: The characterization of substrate properties supports the correct choice of components and directs management decisions in container cultivation. There are several systems of analysis, however, the routine procedures to determine the water retention curve (WRC) are time consuming and inaccurate. This study proposed a reproducible, less time-consuming, and easy to perform method for physical characterization of substrates. We used Sphagnum peat, coconut powder, carbonized rice husk, expanded vermiculite, and expanded clay in isolation. The WRC was obtained at tensions 0, 10, 50, and 100 hPa using the method of Büchner funnel, the European standard (CEN-EN13041), and by the centrifugation method of samples. In centrifugation, tensions were simulated by combining the angular velocity, sample height, and radius measured from the sample outermost point to the central point of the centrifuge. Three rotations were applied (230; 520 and 730 rpm), testing the centrifugation time for each tension and then the volumetric water content was compared between the methods. The results showed a positive correlation (p < 0.001) between the centrifugation and standard methods, considering that the centrifugation time required for moisture stabilization varied according to the material analyzed and the tension applied. However, the time required to obtain a report was reduced by half. Sample centrifugation is a promising method, ensuring that the tensile force actually acts on the entire sample to determine the water retention curve of the substrate also reducing the duration of the analyses.

Resumo Considerando-se que os substratos apresentam constituições físico-químicas diversas e que a liberação de íons do substrato, ou a adição de fertilizantes, eleva a condutividade elétrica da solução, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a retenção de água em substratos com hidrogel com presença e ausência de adubação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os fatores constituíram de quatro tipos de substratos (casca de pinus compostada, pó-de-coco (fibra do mesocarpo triturada), turfa de Sphagnum e substrato comercial (à base de turfa de Sphagnum, vermiculita expandida, casca de arroz torrefada, calcário dolomítico e gesso agrícola), três formas de aplicação do produto hidrogel (sem aplicação, com aplicação sem pré-hidratação e com aplicação após hidratação) e duas formas de aplicação de fertilização de base (na presença e ausência). O hidrogel utilizado foi um copolímero de poliacrilato de potássio (K2S2O8). Os resultados apontam que a adição de hidrogel promove melhorias na capacidade de retenção de água dos substratos, contudo, é influenciada pela sua composição e pela presença de fertilizantes químicos. Quanto maior a Condutividade Elétrica (CE) do substrato, menor é o potencial de hidratação do hidrogel. A forma de aplicação do hidrogel, se seco ou pré-hidratado, não influencia a capacidade de retenção de água pelos substratos. O hidrogel aplicado no substrato, uma vez desidratado, mantém sua capacidade de reidratação.

Abstract Considering that the substrates have different physical and chemical constitutions and that the release of ions from the substrate or the addition of fertilizers increases the electrical conductivity of the solution, the objective of this work was to evaluate the water retention in substrates with hydrogel, without and with fertilization. The experimental design used was a completely randomized, in a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The factors consisted of four substrates (composted pine bark, coconut powder (crushed mesocarp fiber), Sphagnum peat and commercial substrate (based on Sphagnum peat, expanded vermiculite, roasted rice husk, dolomitic limestone and plaster), three forms of application of the hydrogel product (without application, with application without pre-hydration and with application after hydration) and two ways of applying the basic fertilization (present and absent) .The hydrogel used was a potassium polyacrylate copolymer (K2S2O8). The results show that the addition of hydrogel promotes improvements in the water retention capacity of the substrates However, it is influenced by its composition and by the presence of chemical fertilizers. The higher the EC of the substrate, the lower the hydration potential of the hydrogel. The hydrogel application method, whether dry or pre-hydrated, does not influence the water retention capacity by the substrates. The hydrogel applied to the substrate once dehydrated, maintains its ability to rehydrate.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This article aims to alert health professionals for cancer screening in the face of the possibility of new waves of disease. METHODS: A narrative review was conducted through a search in MEDLINE, Lilacs, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and international medical societies publications. RESULTS: Breast cancer: in high-risk patients (confirmed familial cancer syndrome or with high-risk tools scores), clinicians should act according to usual recommendations; in average-risk individuals, consider screening with mammography with a longer time span (maximum of two years). Cervical cancer: women turning 25 years old who have already been immunized and with no previous Pap test can have the test postponed during the pandemic; if there is no previous dose of Human Papillomavirus vaccination, initiation of screening should be recommended following a more rigid approach for COVID prevention; in women over 30 years of age who have never participated in cervical screening, the first screening exam is also essential. Colorectal cancer: if the individual is at elevated risk for familial cancer, the screening with colonoscopy according to usual recommendations should be supported; if at average risk consider screening with Fecal Occult Blood Test. Prostate cancer: there is a trend to postpone routine prostate cancer screening until the pandemic subsides. CONCLUSIONS: The decision to keep cancer screening must be discussed and individualized, considering the possibility of new waves of COVID-19.

SUMMARY: Butia odorata is an endangered palm tree native of southern Brazil and Uruguay with great food and ornamental potential. The lack of phytotechnical information hinders the commercial production of their seedlings. The aim of this work was to test doses of fertilization on the formation of B. odorata seedlings and tolerance to salinity levels in the substrate. The seedlings were cultivated in containers, submitted to control and four doses of fertilizer per liter of substrate. We evaluated stem diameter, number of leaves and pinnate leaves, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of the substrate. The experimental design was in random blocks with 10 plants per treatment. Dry density, air space, and total pore space of the substrate were within the ideal ranges, such as EC and pH, without a significant trend for these last two variables in relation to the doses of fertilizers. Throughout the experiment, the pH remained adequate, except for higher dosage treatments that acidified the substrate. EC increased gradually, except for control treatment. There was a significant difference between treatments and blocks for plant variables, with the second access plants presenting larger stem diameter. The dosages that induced higher responses were 0.6 and 1.2 g L-1 with EC corresponding to 5 mS cm-1, which is possibly the limit of salts in the substrate tolerated by the species. B. odorata responded positively to the fertilization during the formation of the seedlings. However, until the juvenile phase, its development is impaired if EC reaches 5 mS cm-1.

RESUMEN: Butia odorata es una palmera en peligro de extinción originaria del sur de Brasil y Uruguay con gran potencial alimenticio y ornamental. La falta de información fitotécnica dificulta la producción comercial de sus plantas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar fertilización en la formación de plantas de B. odorata y su tolerancia a la salinidad del sustrato. Las plantas se cultivaron en contenedores, sometidas a control y cinco dosis de fertilizante. Fueron evaluados: diámetro del tallo, número de hojas y hojas pinnadas, conductividad eléctrica (EC) y pH del sustrato. El diseño experimental fue en bloques aleatorizado con 10 plantas por tratamiento. La densidad aparente, el espacio de aire y el volumen total de poros del substrato estuvieron dentro de rangos ideales; también la EC y el pH, sin tendencia significativa para estas dos últimas variables en relación con las dosis de fertilizantes. El pH se mantuvo adecuado, excepto con dosis más altas que acidificaron el sustrato. La EC aumentó gradualmente, excepto para el tratamiento de control. Hubo diferencia significativa entre tratamientos y bloques para las variables de la planta. Las dosis que indujeron respuestas mayores fueron 0,6 y 1,2 g L-1 con EC de 5 mS cm-1, que es posiblemente el límite de sales en el sustrato tolerado por la especie. Butia odorata respondió positivamente a la fertilización durante la formación de las plantas. Sin embargo, hasta la fase juvenil, su desarrollo se vio afectado cuando la EC alcanzó 5 mS cm-1.

SUMMARY: Butia lallemantii is endemic from sandy soils in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Sandblasted soils stand out for fragile characteristics of low fertility, water availability and intense sand displacement. However, studies on planting techniques, use of fertilizers and alternative products that may favor the establishment of plants in these soils are lacking. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the survival and leaf appearance of the B. lallemantii plants established by the revegetation method in sandy soil, with the increase of mineral fertilizer and hydroretentor polymer, as well as monitoring the movement of sand particles. The plants were collected in Alegrete / RS, classified in stipe diameter and kept in substrate (soil, animal waste and rice husk, 1:1:1) for eight months. In field plantation, the doses of NPK and hydrogel were randomly placed between five graded rules in the soil, for periodic sand displacement readings. Survival, appearance of live leaves and sand displacement were evaluated monthly, with a randomized block design (100 seedlings/block). Results showed higher survival and presence of living leaves in the plants of block one, and average displacement of sand in the spring period. Therefore, plants of larger stipe diameter class show higher potential for survival and larger number of live leaves, in addition, sand displacement mainly happens during spring.

RESUMEN: Butia lallemantii es endémica proveniente de suelos arenosos y arenizados en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Los suelos arenizados se destacan por características frágiles de baja fertilidad, disponibilidad de agua y por intenso desplazamiento de arena. Sin embargo, faltan estudios acerca de técnicas de plantación, uso de fertilizantes y productos alternativos que pueden favorecer el establecimiento de plantas en estos suelos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la supervivencia y el aspecto foliar de las plantas de B. lallemantii establecidas por el método de revegetación en el suelo arenizado, con el incremento de fertilizante mineral y polímero hidroretentor, así como monitorear el desplazamiento de partículas de arena. Las plantas fueron recolectadas en Alegrete/RS, clasificadas de diámetro del estípite y se mantuvieron en sustrato (suelo, residuos animales y cáscara de arroz, 1:1:1), durante ocho meses. En plantación de campo, las dosis de NPK e hidrogel fueron colocadas aleatoriamente entre cinco reglas graduadas en el suelo, para lecturas periódicas de desplazamiento de arena. La supervivencia, la apariencia de hojas vivas y el desplazamiento de la arena se evaluaron mensualmente, con diseño en bloques al azar (100 plántulas/bloque). Los resultados mostraron una mayor supervivencia y presencia de hojas vivas en las plantas de bloque uno, y un desplazamiento promedio de arena en el período de primavera. Por lo tanto, las plantas de mayor clase de diámetro del estípite pose en alto potencial de supervivencia y de hojas vivas, además, la temporada de primavera mayor desplazamiento de arena.

Resumo Possuidores de elevada biodiversidade, os campos do sul do Brasil vêm sendo ameaçados por diversos fatores, dentre eles, o avanço das fronteiras agrícolas. Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) podem contribuir para a conservação da biota desses ecossistemas mesmo em paisagens cultivadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a diversidade florística de quatro APPs inseridas em um plantio comercial de Eucalyptus saligna. localizado em Pantano Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, no bioma Pampa. Durante um ano, excursões mensais foram realizadas utilizando o método do Caminhamento para coleta de material botânico. Foram registradas 295 espécies distribuídas em 60 famílias, as mais representativas foram Poaceae (51 spp.), Asteraceae (51 spp.), Cyperaceae (20 spp.), Fabaceae (17 spp.), Rubiaceae (12 spp.), Solanaceae (8 spp.), Malvaceae (8 spp.) e Myrtaceae (6 spp.), correspondendo 56,27% do total. Sobre a origem, 274 espécies são nativas, quatro das quais endêmicas do Brasil e duas ameaçadas de extinção. Em relação ao hábito, as espécies herbáceas foram predominantes (72,2%), seguido por arbustivas (9,58%), subarbustivas (7,87%), arbóreas (6,16%), e trepadeiras (5,13%). Tanto a proporção das famílias, quanto a relação das espécies identificadas corroboram com levantamentos realizados na região, denotando uma elevada riqueza específica. As APPs avaliadas apresentam elevada diversidade florística, mesmo encontrando-se parcialmente isoladas pelos talhões de plantio comercial de eucalipto.

Abstract Grasslands of southern Brazil are composed of high biodiversity and threatened by several factors, such as the advancement of agricultural frontiers. Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP) can contribute to the preservation of these environments. However, studies on their floristic composition are limited, especially about the herbaceous stratum. The objective of this study is to describe the floristic diversity of four Areas of Permanent Preservation inserted in an Eucalyptus saligna. tree crop farm in Pantano Grande, RS, located in the Pampa biome. For a year, monthly collections were performed by walking along all sampled areas. We identified 295 species distributed in 60 families, which Poaceae (51), Asteraceae (51), Cyperaceae (20), Fabaceae (17), Rubiaceae (12), Solanaceae (8), Malvaceae (8) and Myrtaceae (6) were more expressive, corresponding to 56.27% of total. About the origin, 274 species are native, four are endemic and two are endangered. Herbaceous species were predominant (72,2%), followed by shrubs (9,58%), sub-shrubs (7,87%), trees (6,16%) and vines (5,13%). Both the proportion of the families and the relation of species agree with surveys carried out in the region, denoting a high specific richness. The APP evaluated present high floristic diversity, even though they are partially isolated by the eucalyptus forest.

RESUMO A capacidade de hidratação do hidrogel em solução foi avaliada em diferentes níveis de condutividade elétrica (CE), usando nitratos, fosfatos, sulfatos e sais de cálcio, magnésio e potássio. Foram realizados quatro experimentos sequenciais, utilizando-se um copolímero de poliacrilato de potássio. O primeiro ensaio objetivou determinar a menor dose de hidrogel, na qual se obtivesse a máxima absorção de água deionizada e foi montado num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis doses de hidrogel (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 g L-1) e quatro repetições. O segundo estudo, montado num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, consistiu em testar doses de sacarose P.A. (0, 1, 2, 4 e 6 %), afim de avaliar a alteração no potencial osmótico da solução sobre a hidratação do hidrogel. O terceiro e o quarto estudos foram desenvolvidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial 6 × 3 × 2, com quatro repetições. Para o terceiro estudo, os fatores constituíram de seis níveis de CE (0; 0,25; 0,50; 1,00; 1,50 e 2,00 mS cm-1), elevada pela adição de três ânions (NO3-; PO43- e SO42-), acompanhados pelos contra-íons Ca++ e K+. Para o quarto estudo, os mesmos seis níveis de CE foram atingidos pela adição de três cátions (Ca++, Mg++ e K+), acompanhados pelos contra-íons Cl- e SO42-. A capacidade de hidratação do hidrogel reduz com a elevação da concentração iônica da solução e que a redução do potencial osmótico, pela adição de sacarose, não interfere na sua capacidade de intumescimento. Os ânions e cátions em solução influenciam negativamente no processo de hidratação do hidrogel, sendo o efeito mais pronunciado para aqueles de maior valência..

ABSTRACT Hydrogel hydration capacity in solution was evaluated at different levels of electrical conductivity (EC) using nitrate, phosphates, sulfates, and salts of calcium, potassium and magnesium. Four sequential experiments were performed using potassium polyacrylate copolymer. The first experiment aimed to determine the lowest hydrogel dose, at which occur maximum deionized water absorption. The test was assembled in a completely randomized design with six hydrogel doses (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g L-1) and four replicates. The second experiment consisted of testing the sucrose P.A. doses (0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 %) in order to evaluate the change in osmotic potential of the solution on hydrogel hydration. The third and fourth studies were carried out in a complete randomized design, using a 6 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme with four replicates. For the third experiment, the factors were six levels of EC (0; 0.25; 0.50; 1.00; 1.50 and 2.00 mS cm1) increased by the addition of three anions (NO3-; PO43- and SO42-) along with counter-ions Ca++ and K+. For the fourth experiment, the same six levels of EC were achieved by adding the three cations (Ca++, Mg++ and K+), along with the counter-ions Cl- and SO42-. Hydration capacity of the hydrogel decreases when the ionic concentration of the solution increases and the reduction of the osmotic potential through the addition of sucrose does not interfere in its swelling capability. Anions and cations in the solution negatively influence the process of the hydrogel hydration. The most pronounced effect is for those with higher valence.

Lupinus albescens é uma espécie frequente nos locais de arenização no Rio Grande do Sul, com alta rusticidade e rápida cobertura vegetal, mostrando potencialidades para recomposição de áreas degradadas. O objetivo foi avaliar a emergência e o desenvolvimento de L. albescens, com e sem aplicação de adubação mineral consorciada com a palmeira Butia lallemantii Deble & Marchiori. Sementes foram coletadas em três populações e submetidas à escarificação por 40 segundos. A sementeira foi feita entre nove fileiras (2 x 1 m) de B. lallemantii aplicando-se 0 e 30 g/cova do fertilizante mineral NPK (5-20-20). Avaliações: número de plantas por cova (NPC), altura (cm) e diâmetro do caule (mm), nos períodos de 30 e 60 dias, assim como a percentagem de emergência de plantas/m² (PEP) e o total emergência de plantas (TEP) ao longo de 240 dias, utilizando delineamento em blocos casualizados. Os resultados mostraram considerável PEP e altura aos 30 dias para as plantas do bloco 2. Dose de 0g/cova do fertilizante NPK proporcionou maior NPH. Portanto, a sementeira de L. albescens consorciada com B. lallemantii apresentou maior PEP, NPC sem o uso de adubação (30 dias) e maior altura das plantas entre as plântulas de diâmetro do estipe médio.

Lupinus albescens is a species frequent in the locals under arenization in Rio Grande do Sul, with high rusticity and rapid land cover, showing potentialities for recomposition of degraded areas. The objective was to evaluate the emergence and development of L. albescens, with and without mineral fertilizer application intercropped with the palm Butia lallemantii Deble & Marchiori. Seeds were collected in three populations and submitted to the scarification for 40 seconds. Sowing was done between nine rows (2 x 1 m) of B. lallemantii by applying 0 and 30 g/hole of the mineral fertilizer NPK (5-20-20). Evaluations: number of plants per hole (NPH), height (cm) and stem diameter (mm), in the periods of 30 and 60 days, as well as the percentage of plants emergence/m² (PEP) and the total of plants emergence (TEP) over 240 days, using randomized block design. The results showed a considerable PEP and height at 30 days for the plants in block 2. Dose of 0g/hole of fertilizer NPK provided higher NPH. Therefore, sowing of L. albescens intercropped with B. lallemantii presented higher PEP, NPH without the use of fertilization (30 days) and higher height of the plants among the diameter seedlings of the medium stipe.

Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 1.3% of the Brazilian population. The most common clinical manifestations are erythematous, scaling lesions that affect both genders and can occur on any anatomical site, preferentially involving the knees, elbows, scalp and genitals. Besides the impact on the quality of life, the systemic nature of the disease makes psoriasis an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially in young patients with severe disease. By an initiative of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology, dermatologists with renowned clinical experience in the management of psoriasis were invited to form a work group that, in a partnership with the Brazilian Medical Association, dedicated themselves to create the Plaque Psoriasis Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines. The relevant issues for the diagnosis (evaluation of severity and comorbidities) and treatment of plaque psoriasis were defined. The issues generated a search strategy in the Medline-PubMed database up to July 2018. Subsequently, the answers to the questions of the recommendations were devised, and each reference selected presented the respective level of recommendation and strength of scientific evidence. The final recommendations for making up the final text were worded by the coordinators.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of benzodiazepine (BZD) use in Brazil and to investigate the direct and indirect effects of alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle (SL), depressive symptoms (DS), and sleep dissatisfaction (SD) on BZD use. Methods: The Second Brazilian Alcohol and Drugs Survey (II BNADS) used stratified cluster probabilistic sampling to select 4,607 individuals aged 14 years and older from the Brazilian household population. Results: The lifetime and 12-month prevalence of BZD use was 9.8 and 6.1%, respectively. Older participants (age 40 and older) and women had higher rates. Alcohol use disorder, DS, and SD were significantly more prevalent in BZD users. The parallel multiple mediator model showed a positive direct effect of alcohol consumption on BZD use, with significant positive indirect effects of SL, SD, and DS as simultaneous mediators leading to higher BZD intake. Other statistically significant indirect pathways were DS alone, SD alone, and all of the above except SL. Conclusion: The prevalence of BZD use in Brazil is high compared to that of other countries. Knowledge of the main risk factors and pathways to consumption can guide prevention initiatives and underlie the development of better tailored and effective treatment strategies.

SUMMARY: One of the main abiotic factors that influence the growth and development of plants is water, and consequently the use of water stress-tolerant species increases the chances of success of crops in these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and initial development of Mimosa scabrella seedlings under different water regimes. Therefore, seeds were submitted to dormancy breaking and sowed in coir fiber substrate. After that, the seedlings were established in pots (8L capacity) containing composted pine bark substrate. The treatments consisted of five levels of pot capacity: 100 %, 75 %, 50 %, 25 % and 10 %. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates of five plants per treatment. There was influence of water regimes in most of the variables analyzed, where it was observed that with 50 % of pot capacity growth and development of plants showed satisfactory results. Moreover, the quality of the seedlings showed that in general, with only 25 % of the pot capacity plants have the ability to survive and settle under water stress conditions. Thus, the data indicate that Mimosa scabrella is a promising species for cultivation under water deficit, since the growth and initial development of seedlings occurred satisfactorily in conditions similar to these.

RESUMEN: El agua es uno de los principales factores abióticos que influyen en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas; la utilización de especies más tolerantes al déficit hídrico aumenta las oportunidades de éxito de los cultivos en estas condiciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el crecimiento y desarrollo inicial en plantines de Mimosa scabrella bajo diferentes regímenes hídricos. Con ese fin, un número determinado de semillas fueron sometidas a la superación de la latencia y sembradas en sustrato a base de fibra de coco. Posteriormente, las plantas fueron colocadas en macetas (capacidad de ocho litros), con sustrato de corteza compostada de pino. Los tratamientos fueron definidos por cinco niveles de contenido de agua: 100 %, 75 %, 50 %, 25 % y 10 %. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones de cinco plantas por tratamiento. Como resultado, hubo influencia de los regímenes hídricos en la mayoría de las variables analizadas, en las cuales se observó que hasta en 50 % de contenido de agua, el crecimiento y el desarrollo de las plantas presentaron resultados satisfactorios. La calidad de los plantines demostró, que en general, en un 25 % de contenido de agua las plantas presentan capacidad de sobrevivir y de establecerse en condiciones de estrés hídrico. Así, los datos apuntan que M. scabrella es una especie potencial para el cultivo bajo condiciones de estrés hídrico, pues el crecimiento y desarrollo inicial de los brinzales ocurrieron de forma satisfactoria en condiciones análogas a estas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the survival and development of Butia lallemantii seedlings collected in situ. Seedlings were collected in Alegrete/RS, classified into four stipe diameter classes (SDC) and transplanted into polyethylene bags (2 L) filled with soil-based substrate, animal waste and rice husks. Evaluations were performed at four and eight months assessing survival, and leaf and root aspects after transplanting. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with at least 50 plants per class. The results showed high survival rates for plants with larger stipe diameters, in addition to leaf emission, number of tillers, mature leaves, new roots and during decomposition. High number of new leaves was observed for SDC 2 and 3 (four months) and SDC 2, 3 and 4 (eight months). Therefore, greater survival and emission of vegetative structures were observed, especially in plants with higher diameter.

RESUMO Myrceugenia myrtoides (Myrtaceae) é uma espécie de porte arbóreo, com ocorrência restrita ao estado do Rio Grande do Sul no Brasil, e Uruguai, apresentando potencial ornamental. O interesse em espécies nativas para usos diversos é crescente, mas sua inserção é limitada devido à falta de informações sobre sua propagação e cultivo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de temperatura e luz na germinação das sementes de M. myrtoides, a fim de gerar informações que possam auxiliar na propagação da espécie e exploração do seu potencial. Avaliaram-se os efeitos das temperaturas constantes de 20, 25 e 30 °C sob fotoperíodo de 16 horas. Para avaliar o efeito da luz, a germinação foi testada em ausência total de luz e sob fotoperíodo de 16 horas, na temperatura de 25 °C e intensidade luminosa de 27 e 33,75 µmol m−2s−1, sob qualidade de luz branca e luz verde difusa. Os resultados demonstraram menor tempo médio de germinação nas temperaturas de 25 e 30 °C e ainda, maior acúmulo de massa seca sob 30 °C. Houve superioridade nas variáveis de formação de plântula, comprimento de parte aérea e raiz e formação de plântulas sob número de sementes germinadas para a temperatura de 25 °C. Já as diferentes condições de luz testadas não afetaram a porcentagem de germinação. Conclui-se que a temperatura de 25 °C foi a mais adequada para a germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de plântulas de M. myrtoides e as suas sementes são classificadas como fotoblásticas neutras.

ABSTRACT Myrceugenia myrtoides (Myrtaceae) is a species of tree size, occurring restricted to the state of Rio Grande do Sul state in Brazil, and Uruguay, presenting ornamental potential. The interest in native species for diverse uses is increasing, but their insertion is limited due to the lack of information on its propagation and cultivation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperature and light on the germination of M. myrtoides seeds, in order to generate information that could aid in the propagation of the species and the exploration of its potential. The effects of constant temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 °C under a 16-hour photoperiod were evaluated. To evaluate the effect of light, the germination was tested in continuous darkness and under photoperiod of 16 hours, at a temperature of 25 °C and light intensity of 27 and 33.75 µmol m−2s−1 under white light quality and diffuse green light. The results showed a lower average germination time at temperatures of 25 and 30 °C and a higher accumulation of dry mass under 30 °C. There was superiority in the variables of seedling formation, shoot and root length and seedling formation under the number of seeds germinated at 25 °C. However, the different light conditions tested did not affect the percentage of germination. It is concluded that the temperature of 25 °C was the most adequate for seed germination and development of M. myrtoides seedlings and their seeds are classified as neutral photoblasts.

Resumo OBJETIVO Compreender como ocorre o preparo do processo avaliativo dos técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem pelos enfermeiros de uma unidade de internação clínica adulto, na perspectiva da gestão por competências. MÉTODO Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, desenvolvido com 13 enfermeiros de um hospital universitário. Os dados coletados entre maio e junho de 2017, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. RESULTADOS Emergiram duas categorias: gestão por competências, um novo modelo de avaliação; e, processo avaliativo, uma trajetória a ser discutida. CONCLUSÃO O planejamento da avaliação ao longo do ano por meio de reuniões periódicas sobre a temática é importante para o preparo do processo avaliativo. Além disso, o conhecimento prévio dos percalços avaliativos subsidia o enfermeiro na organização da avaliação.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To understand the preparation of the evaluation process of nursing technicians and assistants by nurses at an adult inpatient care unit, from the competence-based management perspective. METHOD Descriptive and qualitative study, developed with 13 nurses at a university hospital. The data were collected between May and June of 2017, through semi-structured interviews, and were submitted to thematic content analysis. RESULTS Two categories emerged: competence-based management, a new model of evaluation; and, evaluation process, a trajectory to be discussed. CONCLUSION Planning the evaluation throughout the year in periodic meetings about the subject is important to the preparation of the evaluation process. Furthermore, the previous knowledge of evaluation mishaps subsidizes the nurse in the organization of the evaluation.

Resumen OBJETIVO Comprender como ocurre la preparación del proceso evaluativo de los técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería de una unidad de internación clínica adulta, en la perspectiva de la gestión por competencias. MÉTODO Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, desarrollado con 13 enfermeros de un hospital universitario. Se sometieron los datos, recogidos entre mayo y junio de 2017, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, a un análisis de contenido temático. RESULTADOS Emergieron dos categorías: gestión por competencias, un nuevo modelo de evaluación; y proceso evaluativo, una trayectoria a debatirse. CONCLUSIÓN La planificación de la evaluación a lo largo del año, a través de reuniones periódicas sobre la temática, es importante para la preparación del proceso evaluativo. Además, el conocimiento anterior de los percances evaluativos subsidia al enfermero en la organización de la evaluación.