ABSTRACT In this study, the particle sizes distribution model that best characterizes the granulometric composition of saprolite ores fed to the Cuban Caron process was determined. Three samples of soft and hard streamers from the Punta Gorda, Camarioca Este and Yagrumaje Sur deposits were evaluated. The main mineralogical phases of the samples were identified by the X-ray powder diffraction method. The predominance of the mineralogical phases lizardite, clinochlore and chlorite-serpentine was observed in the different samples under study. The determination of the parameters of the granulometric models and the evaluation of the quality of their adjustment with statistical techniques, allowed us to identify that the Swebrec function is the one that best describes the distribution of the experimental particle sizes of the streamer samples, with determination coefficients higher than 0,91 and residual errors lower than 6,9%.

RESUMEN En este estudio se determinó el modelo de distribución de tamaños de partícula que mejor caracteriza la composición granulométrica de las menas de saprolitas alimentadas al proceso Caron cubano. Se evaluaron tres muestras de serpentinas blandas y duras concernientes a los yacimientos de Punta Gorda, Camarioca Este y Yagrumaje Sur. Las principales fases mineralógicas de las muestras se identificaron por el método de difracción de rayos X en polvo. Se observó el predominio de las fases mineralógicas lizardita, clinocloro y clorita-serpentina en las diferentes muestras bajo estudio. La determinación de los parámetros de los modelos granulométricos y la evaluación de la calidad de su ajuste con técnicas estadísticas, permitió identificar que la función Swebrec es la que mejor describe la distribución de los tamaños de partículas experimentales de las muestras de serpentinas, con coeficientes de determinación superiores a 0,91 y errores residuales inferiores a 6,9%.

Abstract: Tomatoes are widely cultivated, both by family farmers and corporate producers. During the tomato growth cycle, several diseases can affect the plant. The identification of these diseases through short-range images is significant, and computer vision techniques are commonly used to identify diseases in plant leaves. In this paper, a hybrid model that combines a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a Random Forest (RF) decision tree is used for foliar spot detection in tomato leaves. High-level features learned and extracted from CNN are used as input for the RF classifier. To evaluate the proposed model’s performance for plant disease identification, a case study of 2480 low-cost digital RGB images collected in actual field conditions, under different intensities of light exposure, were used, including healthy tomato leaves and leaves with visible symptoms of powdery mildew fungus, which attacks the tomato leaf. The results were compared with six conventional machine learning classifiers: Logistic Regression (LR), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), K- Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF). The results show that the proposed model outperformed conventional classifiers, reaching an accuracy of 98%. The results highlight the importance of fusing models to improve the detection plant´s diseases.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate biological alternatives for the management of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari), on individuals inside brocaded fruits, its effect on the total yield (kg ha-1), economic feasibility of each treatment evaluated. through a partial budget analysis, dominance analysis and marginal rate of return in Jalapa, Nicaragua. A quantitative, applied study was carried out, with a Randomized Complete Block experimental design (BCA), with six treatments and four repetitions, three biological products, one chemical, a combination of chemical-cultural management (trap) and an absolute control, whose variables were subjected to an analysis of variance and separation of means by Tukey test (0.05). It was determined that there was no significant effect of the treatments on the borer control, the pest’s affectation increases the fruit develops, causing losses between 20 and 78 % throughout the cycle. The economic analysis showed that all treatments are profitable, having a high marginal rate of return, The Curador® treatment is the one with the highest net benefit, followed by trap plus Curador® and Bea Blue®, constituting alternatives for the biological management of the borer.

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar alternativas biológicas para el manejo de la broca de café (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari), sobre la población de individuos dentro de frutos brocados, su efecto en el rendimiento total (kg/ha), factibilidad económica de cada tratamiento evaluado a través de un análisis de presupuesto parcial, análisis de dominancia y tasa de retorno marginal en Jalapa, Nicaragua. Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, aplicado, con un diseño experimental de Bloques Completos al Azar (BCA), con seis tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones, tres productos biológicos, un químico, una combinación de químico-manejo cultural (trampa) y un testigo absoluto, cuyas variables fueron sometidas a un análisis de varianza y separación de medias mediante la prueba de Tukey (0,05), se determinó que no hubo efecto significativo de los tratamientos en el control de la broca, las afectaciones de la plaga se incrementan a medida que se desarrolla el fruto provocando pérdidas de entre el 20 y 78 % en todo el ciclo. El análisis económico mostró que todos los tratamientos son rentables, al tener una tasa de retorno marginal alta, el tratamiento Curador® es el de mayor beneficio neto, seguido de trampa más Curador® y Bea Blue®, constituyéndose como alternativas de manejo biológico de la broca.

Resumen Introducción: La fenilcetonuria es el trastorno hereditario más frecuente del metabolismo de los aminoácidos y su abordaje suele centrarse en dietas restringidas en fenilalanina, un aminoácido presente en el edulcorante aspartamo habitualmente usado como excipiente en tecnología farmacéutica. Objetivo: El objetivo principal es la revisión de los medicamentos sin receta comercializados en España hasta marzo de 2023 y que contienen aspartamo en su composición. Método: Se realizó una revisión en la base de datos BOT plus de todos los medicamentos comercializados en España que contienen aspartamo. Se seleccionaron solo los MSR. Se consultaron las fichas técnicas en el Centro de información online de medicamentos de la AEMPS (CIMA), y los datos obtenidos se registraron en una tabla. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 570 medicamentos; 58 eran MSR. Cuando exista petición de MSR con aspartamo en pacientes con fenilcetonuria, en el SIF, tras su evaluación, en el 100% de los casos, el farmacéutico aplicando el Servicio de Indicación Farmacéutica podría indicar un MSR alternativo, con el mismo principio activo pero sin aspartamo como excipiente. Conclusiones: La actuación del farmacéutico comunitario para aplicar el SIF es muy importante en pacientes con fenilcetonuria. Existen medicamentos que no requieren prescripción y se pueden indicar en estos pacientes. El farmacéutico debe tener a su disposición las herramientas necesarias que le faciliten el SIF con este tipo de enfermos.

Abstract Introduction: Phenylketonuria is the most common inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism and its management usually focuses on diets restricted in phenylalanine, an amino acid present in the sweetener aspartame commonly used as an excipient in pharmaceutical technology. Objective: The main objective is the review of non-prescription medicines marketed in Spain until March 2023 and that contain aspartame in their composition. Methods: A review of all medicines marketed in Spain containing aspartame was carried out in the BOT plus database. Only MSRs were selected. The data sheets were consulted at the AEMPS online medicines information centre (CIMA), and the data obtained were recorded in a table. Results: 570 medicines were obtained; 58 were MSRs. When there is a request for MSRs with aspartame in patients with phenylketonuria, in the SIF, after evaluation, in 100% of the cases, the pharmacist applying the Pharmaceutical Indication Service could indicate an alternative MSR, with the same active ingredient but without aspartame as an excipient. Conclusions: The action of the community pharmacist to apply the SIF is very important in patients with phenylketonuria. There are medicines that do not require a prescription and can be prescribed for these patients. Pharmacists should have the necessary tools at their disposal to facilitate the SIF with this type of patient.

Resumen El objetivo fue el ajuste de un modelo no lineal (MNL) para evaluar la curva de crecimiento en bovinos Limousin, en pureza de raza (PRZ) y cinco grados de cruzamiento (GPZ; 1/2, 3/4, 7/8, 15/16, 31/32 de Limousin). Se analizó el peso vivo, el intervalo de peso al nacer a 500 días de edad. Se evaluaron cuatro MNL: Brody, Bertalanffy, Gompertz y logístico. Se estimaron parámetros de crecimiento: peso adulto (PAD); tasa de crecimiento (TAC); edad (EPI; meses) y peso (PPI; kg) al punto de inflexión; edad (meses; E50M) para alcanzar 50% de madurez y madurez a 15 meses (GM15). Con el MNL seleccionado en PRZ se caracterizó la curva de crecimiento en GPZ. El modelo de mejor ajuste fue Bertalanffy. El PAD para machos PRZ fue 566.1, para GPZ estuvo en el intervalo de 446.9 a 527.4; para hembras, en GPZ estuvo en el intervalo de 374.5 a 419.9, en PRZ fue 443.0. Los MNL presentaron correlaciones por debajo de -0.75 entre PAD y TAC. En vaquillas de PRZ, EPI se estimó a 3.7 con 131.2 para PPI; en GPZ, EPI y PPI estuvieron en los intervalos de 2.9 a 3.7 y 110.9 a 124.4, respectivamente. E50M para hembras, en PRZ fue a 10.6 y para GPZ en el intervalo de 8.9 a 10.5. GM15 para hembras, en GPZ el promedio fue 90.5 % en PRZ fue de 87.9 %. Los machos en PRZ alcanzan E50M a partir de 13 meses.

Abstract The objective was to fit a non-linear model (NLM) to evaluate the growth curve in purebred (PB) Limousin cattle and in five degrees of crossbreeding (DCBs: 1/2, 3/4, 7/8, 15/16, 31/32 Limousin). Live weight, the birth weight interval at 500 d of age, was analyzed. Four NLMs were evaluated: Brody, Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and logistic. Growth parameters were estimated: adult weight (ADW); growth rate (GR); age (AIP; months) and weight (WIP; kg) at inflection point; age (months; A50M) to reach 50 % maturity and degree of maturity at 15 mo (DM15). The growth curve in DCB was characterized using the NLM selected for BP. The best-fitting model was Bertalanffy. The ADW for purebred (PB) males was 566.1, for crossbred (CB) males it was in the range of 446.9 to 527.4; for CB females it was in the range of 374.5 to 419.9, and for PB females, it was 443.0. The NLMs exhibited correlations below -0.75 between ADW and GR. In PB heifers, AIP was estimated at 3.7, and WIP, at 131.2; in CB heifers, AIP and WIP were in the ranges of 2.9 to 3.7 and 110.9 to 124.4, respectively. A50M for PB females was 10.6, and for CB females, within the range of 8.9 to 10.5. DM15 for CB females, the average was 90.5 %, and 87.9 % for PB females. PB males reach A50M at the age of 13 mo.

Resumen El estado de Tabasco es principal productor de palma de aceite. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue generar una dosis de fertilización por subunidad de suelo y un rendimiento potencial para la palma de aceite. Se utilizó la metodología del Sistema Integrado para Recomendar Dosis de Fertilizantes (SIRDF). Se obtuvieron ocho polígonos de Thiessen, los cuales se agruparon en polígonos de baja (1 281 a 1 623 mm), mediana (1 830 a 1 977 mm) y alta precipitación (> 2 044 mm). Además de 13 subunidades de suelos, de las cuales 11 están cultivadas con palma de aceite: Leptosol Réndzico (Húmico), Luvisol Gléyico (Arcíllico, Éutrico, Diferéntico), Acrisol Gléyico Crómico (Éutrico, Francoso, Cutánico, Diferéntico), Calcisol Pétrico Cámbico (Francoso, Rúptico), Cambisol Gléyico Éutrico (Francoso), Phaeozem Réndzico Léptico Cámbico (Arcíllico), Vertisol Pélico (Gléyico, Mesotrófico, Estágnico), Fluvisol Gléyico Calcárico (Arcíllico), Gleysol Oxigléyico Dístrico (Arcíillico, Vértico), Lixisol Abrúptico (Arcíllico, Cutánico), y Arenosol Dístrico (Alúmico). El análisis de suelos indica de mediana a baja fertilidad con deficiencia de N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, y B. Se generó la dosis de fertilizante para cada subunidad de suelo y para tres escenarios de rendimiento de fruta fresca. Se generó la recomendación de macro y micro nutrimentos para lograr una fertilización balanceada de la palma de aceite y su forma de aplicación.

Abstract The cultivation of oil palm in the state of Tabasco is the main producer. The objective of this work was to generate a fertilization dose per soil subunit and a potential yield for oil palm. The methodology of the Integrated System to Recommend Fertilizer Doses (SIRDF) was used. Eight Thiessen polygons were obtained, which were grouped into low (1 281 to 1 623 mm), medium (1 830 to 1 977 mm) and high precipitation (>2 044 mm) polygons. In addition to 13 soil subunits, of which only 11 are cultivated with oil palm: Leptosol Réndzico (Humic), Luvisol Gléyico (Arcíllico, Eutrico, Diferéntico), Acrisol Gléyico Crómico (Eutrico, Loamy, Cutánico, Diferéntico), Calcisol Pétrico Cambic (Franky, Ruptic), Gleyic Eutric (Franky) Cambisol, Phaeozem Réndzic Leptic Cambic (Arcyllic), Pelic Vertisol (Gleyic, Mesotrophic, Stagnin), Gleyic Calcaric (Arcyllic) Fluvisol, Oxygleyic Dystric (Arcyllic, Vertic) Gleysol, Abruptic Lixisol (Claylic, Cutanic), and Dystric Arenosol (Aluminic). Soil analysis indicates medium to low fertility with deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, and B. The fertilizer dose was generated for each soil subunit and for three fresh fruit yield scenarios. Recommendations for macro and micronutrients were generated to achieve a balanced fertilization of the oil palm and its form of application.

Abstract Objective To evaluate a proposed three-dimensional (3D) printing process of a biomodel developed with the aid of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology based on computed tomography (CT) scans of an individual with nonunion of a coronal femoral condyle fracture (Hoffa’s fracture). Materials and Methods Thus, we used CT scans, which enable the evaluation of the 3D volumetric reconstruction of the anatomical model, as well as of the architecture and bone geometry of sites with complex anatomy, such as the joints. In addition, it enables the development of the virtual surgical planning (VSP) in a computer-aided design (CAD) software. This technology makes it possible to print full-scale anatomical models that can be used in surgical simulations for training and in the choice of the best placement of the implant according to the VSP. In the radiographic evaluation of the osteosynthesis of the Hoffa’s fracture nonunion, we assessed the position of the implant in the 3D-printed anatomical model and in the patient’s knee. Results The 3D-printed anatomical model showed geometric and morphological characteristics similar to those of the actual bone. The position of the implants in relation to the nonunion line and anatomical landmarks showed great accuracy in the comparison of the patient’s knee with the 3D-printed anatomical model. Conclusion The use of the virtual anatomical model and the 3D-printed anatomical model with the additive manufacturing (AM) technology proved to be effective and useful in planning and performing the surgical treatment of Hoffa’s fracture nonunion. Thus, it showed great accuracy in the reproducibility of the virtual surgical planning and the 3D-printed anatomical model.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar uma proposta de processo de impressão tridimensional (3D) de um biomodelo preparado com o auxílio da tecnologia de modelagem por deposição de material fundido (fused deposition modeling, FDM, em inglês) a partir de imagens de tomografia computadorizada (TC) de um indivíduo com pseudartrose de fratura coronal do côndilo femoral (fratura de Hoffa). Materiais e Métodos Para tanto, utilizamos imagens de TC, que permitem estudar a reconstrução volumétrica 3D do modelo anatômico, além da arquitetura e geometria óssea de sítios de anatomia complexa, como as articulações. Também permite o planejamento cirúrgico virtual (PCV) em um programa de desenho assistido por computador (computer-aided design, CAD, em inglês). Essa tecnologia possibilita a impressão de modelos anatômicos em escala real que podem ser utilizados em simulações cirúrgicas para o treinamento e a escolha do melhor posicionamento do implante de acordo com o PCV. Na avaliação radiográfica da osteossíntese da pseudartrose de Hoffa, verificou-se a posição do implante no modelo anatômico impresso em 3D e no joelho do paciente. Resultados O modelo anatômico impresso em 3D apresentou características geométricas e morfológicas semelhantes às do osso real. O posicionamento dos implantes em relação à linha de pseudartrose e pontos anatômicos foram bastante precisos na comparação do joelho do paciente com o modelo anatômico impresso em 3D. Conclusão A utilização do modelo anatômico virtual e do modelo anatômico impresso em 3D com a tecnologia de manufatura aditiva (MA) foi eficaz e auxiliou o planejamento e a realização do tratamento cirúrgico da pseudartrose da fratura de Hoffa. Desta forma, foi bastante preciso na reprodutibilidade do planejamento cirúrgico tanto virtual quanto no modelo anatômico impresso em 3D.

Abstract The Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) is characterized by complex oceanographic dynamics that affect the regional sea surface temperature (SST), a key parameter driving marine ecosystems. To date no comparative studies have been conducted on the spatial and temporal variations of SST among the several marine protected areas in the ETP. The present study used remote sensing to evaluate the monthly, annual, and decadal variations in SST from 1982 to 2019 in Coiba National Park (Coiba), Cocos Island National Park (Cocos), Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary (Malpelo), Gorgona Island National Park (Gorgona), Galápagos Marine Reserve (Galápagos) and La Plata Island (La Plata). An overall increasing trend in SST was observed across all study sites, except for West Galápagos. A decrease in SST anomaly was observed from February through April at Malpelo, Coiba, Gorgona and La Plata. These observations are likely in response to the Humboldt Current and upwelling events in the Colombian Pacific Basin. Using a longer SST dataset is recommended to determine if the annual, monthly and decadal trends observed here are driven by local, regional or global processes. Consistent monitoring of SST trends is a strategic practice in understanding and planning for current and projected changes in the marine environment.

Resumen El Pacífico Oriental Tropical (POT) se caracteriza por presentar una dinámica oceanográfica compleja que afecta la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM), un parámetro clave que influye los ecosistemas marinos. Hasta la fecha no se han realizado estudios comparativos de las variaciones espaciotemporales de la TSM entre las distintas áreas marinas protegidas en el POT. Esta investigación utilizó sensores remotos para evaluar las variaciones mensuales, anuales y decadales de la TSM desde 1982 a 2019 en el Parque Nacional Coiba (Coiba), Parque Nacional Isla del Coco (Coco), Santuario de Fauna y Flora Isla Malpelo (Malpelo), Parque Nacional Natural Isla Gorgona (Gorgona), Reserva Marina de Galápagos (Galápagos) e Isla de La Plata (La Plata). Se observó una tendencia creciente en la TSM en la mayoría de los sitios estudiados, excepto en el oeste de Galápagos. Se registró una disminución en la anomalía de la TSM durante los meses de febrero a abril en Malpelo, Coiba, Gorgona y La Plata. Las diferencias observadas son probablemente en respuesta a la corriente de Humboldt y eventos de afloramiento en la cuenca del Pacífico colombiano. Se recomienda emplear series de tiempo de mayor resolución temporal para determinar si las tendencias anuales, mensuales y decadales observadas en este estudio responden a cambios locales, regionales o globales. El monitoreo constante de las tendencias en la TSM es una práctica estratégica para comprender y planificar los cambios actuales y proyectados en el ambiente marino.

Abstract Objective: To analyze subjective, social, and cultural factors associated with the risk of falls and their relationship with the functional status of older people in the Araucanía Region in Chile. Methodology: an observational study, with sequential design, DEXPLIS, QUAN-QUAL, of qualitative predominance. Results: It is observed that the subjective, social and cultural risk factors for falls are in permanent interaction and influence each other. In the subjects’ discourse, the macro-categories of bodily ignorance, socioeconomic condition, and biological deterioration stand out, linked to feelings of loneliness and abandonment, emotional breakdowns, complex life transitions, fear, and refusal to recognize life changes. Old age, presenting poor health, feeling discriminated against for being older and, neglect concerning their corporality, favors a view and experience of old age as a period of deterioration and losses at a physical, cognitive and social level (pathological old age). From the biocapitalist paradigm, the situation is strengthened by the predominance of the biomedical paradigm, which normalizes falls as part of old age. Conclusions: Two types of social subjects in the aging process are identified. On the one hand, those who hold a sociocultural conception of aging from a biocapitalist perspective, influenced by the predominant biomedical model, tend to relate pathologies as a constitutive part of old age, including within these symptoms fall. On the other hand, critical subjects of this discourse show high body self-awareness, acceptance of biological changes and relate this stage to healthy aging.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar factores subjetivos, sociales y culturales asociados al riesgo de caídas y su relación con el estado de funcionalidad de personas mayores de la Región de la Araucanía en Chile. Metodología: Estudio observacional, con diseño secuencial, DEXPLIS, CUAN-CUAL, de predominio cualitativo. Resultados: Se observa que los factores subjetivos, sociales y culturales de riesgo de caídas se encuentran en permanente interacción y se influyen mutuamente. En el discurso de los sujetos, destacan las macrocategorías desconocimiento corporal, condición socioeconómica y deterioro biológico, que se vinculan con sentimientos de soledad y abandono, quiebres emocionales, transiciones complejas de la vida, sentimientos de miedo, negación a aceptar y reconocer los cambios de la vejez, presentar mala condición de salud, sentirse discriminado por ser mayor y descuido en relación con su corporalidad, que favorecen una mirada y una vivencia de la vejez como un período de deterioro y de pérdidas a nivel físico, cognitivo y social (vejez patológica). Desde el paradigma biocapitalista, la situación se ve fortalecida por el predominio del paradigma biomédico, que normaliza las caídas como parte de la vejez. Conclusiones: Se identifican dos tipos de sujetos sociales en proceso de envejecimiento: por una parte, los que sostienen una concepción sociocultural del envejecimiento desde una mirada biocapitalista, influenciada por el modelo biomédico predominante, tienden a relacionar las patologías como parte constitutiva de la vejez, incluyendo dentro de estos síntomas las caídas; por otra parte, los sujetos críticos de este discurso, que presentan un alto autoconocimiento corporal, aceptación de cambios biológicos y relacionan esta etapa con un envejecimiento saludable.

Abstract Background The short-term results after using arterial grafts still raise questions and doubts for medical society. Objective To compare the immediate outcomes of patients undergoing single arterial graft versus multiple arterial grafts coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods Cross-sectional cohort study in the São Paulo Registry of Cardiovascular Surgery II (REPLICCAR II). Perioperative data from 3122 patients were grouped by the number of arterial grafts used, and their outcomes were compared: reoperation, deep sternal wound infection (DSWI), stroke, acute kidney injury, prolonged intubation (>24 hours), short hospital stay (<6 days), prolonged hospital stay (>14 days), morbidity and mortality. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) matched 1062 patients, adjusted for the mortality risk. Results After PSM, the single arterial graft group showed patients with advanced age, more former smokers, hypertension, diabetes, stable angina, and previous myocardial infarction. In the multiple arterial grafts, there was a predominance of males, recent pneumonia, and urgent surgeries. After the procedure, there was a higher incidence of pleural effusion (p=0.042), pneumonia (p=0.01), reintubation (p=0.006), DSWI (p=0.007), and sternal debridement (p=0.015) in the multiple arterial grafts group, however, less need for blood transfusion (p=0.005), extremity infections (p=0.002) and shorter hospital stays (p=0.036). Bilateral use of the internal thoracic artery was not related to increased DSWI rate, but glycosylated hemoglobin >6.40% (p=0.048). Conclusion Patients undergoing the multiarterial technique had a higher incidence of pulmonary complications, and DSWI, where glycosylated hemoglobin ≥6.40%, had a greater influence on the infectious outcome than the choice of grafts.

Resumo Fundamento Os resultados a curto prazo após o uso de enxertos arteriais ainda suscitam questionamentos e dúvidas na sociedade médica. Objetivo Comparar os resultados imediatos de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio com enxerto arterial único versus enxertos arteriais múltiplos. Métodos Estudo de coorte transversal no Registro Paulista de Cirurgia Cardiovascular II (REPLICCAR II). Os dados perioperatórios de 3122 pacientes foram agrupados pelo número de enxertos arteriais utilizados e seus desfechos foram comparados: reoperação, infecção profunda da ferida torácica (IPFT), acidente vascular cerebral, lesão renal aguda, intubação prolongada (>24 horas), tempo de internação curta (<6 dias), tempo de internação prolongada (>14 dias), morbidade e mortalidade. O Propensity Score Matching (PSM) correspondeu a 1062 pacientes, ajustado para o risco de mortalidade. Resultados Após PSM, o grupo enxerto arterial único apresentou pacientes com idade avançada, mais ex-fumantes, hipertensos, diabéticos, portadores de angina estável e infarto do miocárdio prévio. Nos enxertos arteriais múltiplos houve predomínio do sexo masculino, pneumonia recente e cirurgias de urgência. Após o procedimento, houve maior incidência de derrame pleural (p=0,042), pneumonia (p=0,01), reintubação (p=0,006), IPFT (p=0,007) e desbridamento esternal (p=0,015) no grupo de enxertos multiarteriais, porém, menor necessidade de hemotransfusão (p=0,005), infecções de extremidades (p=0,002) e menor tempo de internação (p=0,036). O uso bilateral da artéria torácica interna não foi relacionado ao aumento da taxa de IPFT, e sim a hemoglobina glicosilada >6,40% (p=0,048). Conclusão Pacientes submetidos a técnica multiarterial apresentaram maior incidência de complicações pulmonares e IPFT, sendo que a hemoglobina glicosilada ≥6,40% teve maior influência no resultado infeccioso do que a escolha dos enxertos.

The present work aims to contribute to the study and development of methodologies for shrinkage tests of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using the addition of polypropylene (PP) microfibers as a variable to validate the correlations between the shrinkage tests. The objective of this work was to evaluate, through correlations between the area and the age at which the cracks appeared, the role of PP fibers as a control for this pathology. Reference SCC traces with additions of 6 mm and 12 mm microfibers were created for this purpose. For the shrinkage tests, the criteria of the ASTM C1579:2013 (plates) and ASTM C1581:2016 (rings) standards were used. The microfibers showed a significant reduction in cracks in the SCC, its reduction rate ranging from 40% to 70%, also presenting a delay in its appearance, which varied from 9 to 20 days for the appearance of the first crack.

Resumo Na remediação de solos potencialmente contaminados por atividades mineiras, é importante considerar tecnologias ambientalmente sustentáveis, aplicáveis a áreas extensas. A estratégia de remediação in situ, que recorre à adição de corretivos orgânicos, ou inorgânicos, permite a reabilitação destes solos, melhorando as suas características e imobilizando os contaminantes, colocando-os em formas menos biodisponíveis. Os corretivos adicionados ao solo podem ser, preferencialmente, resíduos, cuja valorização vai ao encontro das metas Europeias estabelecidas relativamente à deposição de resíduos em aterros. De facto, é fundamental a diminuição dessas quantidades, valorizando os resíduos, e promovendo a sua integração no sistema produtivo. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o uso sustentável de materiais provenientes da indústria da pasta de papel e do papel (cinzas de biomassa e lamas biológicas) na melhoria da qualidade de solos contaminados por atividades mineiras na Faixa Piritosa Ibérica (FPI): Minas de Aljustrel, Lousal e São Domingos), em dois tempos distintos: 1 e 25 meses após a aplicação dos materiais. Foram utilizados parâmetros físico-químicos e ecotoxicológicos. Os resultados sugerem que os aditivos testados permitiram uma clara melhoria nas propriedades físico-químicas dos solos, essenciais para a recuperação das suas características e funções, e diminuição nas respostas tóxicas para vários organismos-teste, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Thamnocephalus platyurus e Daphnia magna, quando expostos a extratos dos solos corrigidos.

Abstract In the remediation of soils potentially contaminated by mining activities, it is important to consider environmentally sustainable technologies, applicable to large areas. The in situ remediation strategy that consists in the addition of organic, or inorganic, amendments, allows the rehabilitation of these soils, improving soil characteristics and immobilizing contaminants, turning them into less bioavailable forms. The recovery of this type of materials meets the European goals established for the disposal of waste in landfills, considering that it is essential to reduce the quantities deposited in landfills and increase their recovery, promoting their integration into the production system. This study aimed to evaluate the sustainable use of materials from the pulp and paper industry (biomass ashes and biological sludge) in improving the quality of soils contaminated by mining activities in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB: Aljustrel, Lousal and São Domingos Mines), at two different times: 1 and 25 months after application of the materials. Physicochemical and ecotoxicological parameters were used in that evaluation. The results suggested that the tested amendments allowed a clear improvement in the physicochemical properties of the soils, essential for the recovery of their characteristics and functions, and a reduction of the toxic response of several test organisms, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna, when exposed to the soil-water extracts of amended soils.

Abstract: This research study focuses on how industrial companies from different sectors perform their strategic management processes and examines whether such processes improve their internal processes, their vision, and their strategic objectives. The methodology is quantitative and is based on a closed questionnaire containing six Likert-type questions with a five-point level of agreement. The questionnaire is applied to 120 companies in the industrial sector (plastics, wood, food, machinery, and metalmechanics) from the city of Barranquilla (Colombia). The results show that there is a high tendency in the metalmechanics industry for developing different activities that enhance the strategic direction of its processes. It is concluded that strategic management has a positive impact on the modification of traditional beliefs and paradigms that prevent companies from improving their added value.

Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación se centra en cómo las empresas industriales de diferentes sectores llevan a cabo sus procesos de dirección estratégica, y examinar si éstos permiten la mejora de sus procesos internos, la mejora de su visión y objetivos estratégicos. La metodología es cuantitativa, basada en un cuestionario cerrado con seis cuestionamientos de escala tipo Likert de cinco puntos de nivel de concordancia, aplicado a 120 empresas de los sectores industriales (plásticos, madera, alimentos, maquinaria y metalmecánica), que desarrollen sus actividades en la ciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia). Los resultados muestran altas tendencias por parte de la industria metalmecánica al desarrollo de diferentes actividades que infieren en la dirección estratégica de sus procesos. Se concluye que la dirección estratégica incide positivamente en la modificación de creencias y paradigmas tradicionalistas que impiden que la empresa alcance el valor agregado.

Resumen Introducción: El mercurio circula por el aire; persiste en suelos, sedimentos y agua, y causa efectos en la salud humana. Las mujeres en edad fértil y los neonatos son la población más vulnerable. Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias sobre la carga de enfermedad ocasionada por la exposición a mercurio, así como el impacto económico sobre el sistema de salud. Metodología: Revisión de alcance de la literatura, de las bases de datos PUBMED y EPISTEMONIKOS, búsqueda manual de documentos técnicos de entidades oficiales de diferentes continentes. Resultados: Se identificaron 311 registros en bases de datos y 4 en búsqueda manual en entidades oficiales; 19 artículos fueron incluidos. Discusión: Predomina la afectación del desarrollo neurológico y cognitivo en niños de madres expuestas y lactantes. Los costos se midieron por la pérdida del coeficiente intelectual. Conclusión: Efectos en salud por la exposición a metilmercurio se traducen en gastos para la sociedad y los sistemas de salud.

Abstract Introduction: Mercury circulates through the air, persists in soils, sediments and water, and can affect human health. Women of childbearing age and newborns are the most vulnerable population. Objective: To analyze the evidence on the burden of disease caused by mercury exposure, as well as the economic impact on the health system. Methodology: Review of the literature, PUBMED and EPISTEMONIKOS databases, manual search of technical documents of official entities from different continents. Results: A total of 311 records were identified in databases and four in manual searches from official entities; 19 articles were included. Discussion: Neurological and cognitive development in children of exposed mothers and infants are more predominant. Costs were measured by IQ loss. Conclusion: Health effects of methylmercury exposure translate into costs for society and health systems.

Resumen Objetivo. Se propone y somete a evaluación una adaptación del programa de desarrollo personal creado en España para utilizarlo en el contexto educativo chileno. Ello, con la idea de proporcionar una propuesta concreta que fortalezca uno de los ejes temáticos propuestos en Chile como parte de la formación personal de adolescentes y evaluarla para determinar su eficacia. Metodología. El diseño de investigación utilizado corresponde a una línea cuasi-experimental con pre y post-test y grupo control, se calculan pruebas ''t'' para determinar la existencia de diferencias estadísticas, entre los resultados de la evaluación inicial y final del autoconcepto, la inteligencia emocional, la ansiedad y la autoeficacia. Dichos constructos fueron medidos con el Self-Description Questionnaire II, versión breve (SDQII-S), el Trait Meta-Mood Scale 24 (TMMS-24), la Escala de ansiedad estado y rasgo (STAI-S) y el Cuestionario de autoeficacia general. La muestra consideró un total de 182 estudiantes de educación media de la comuna de Chillán, 88 hombres y 94 mujeres (48% y 52% respectivamente), con edades entre 14 y 17 años (M=15; DE; 1,01), quienes fueron seleccionados por conveniencia, atendiendo al criterio de accesibilidad. Resultados. Los resultados indican que el programa evidencia mejoras estadísticamente significativas de pequeña y moderada magnitud, en el grupo experimental. Conclusión. El programa fue valorado positivamente a partir de una encuesta de satisfacción, con lo que se estima que esta propuesta ha sabido responder a la necesidad formativa del sistema educativo chileno.

Resumo Objetivo. Uma adaptação do programa de desenvolvimento pessoal criado em Espanha é proposta e avaliada para utilização no contexto educacional chileno. A ideia é fornecer uma proposta concreta que reforce um dos eixos temáticos propostos no Chile como parte do desenvolvimento pessoal dos adolescentes e avaliá-lo a fim de determinar a sua eficácia. Metodologia. A concepção da investigação utilizada corresponde a uma linha quase-experimental com pré- e pós-teste e grupo de controlo, calculando os testes t para determinar a existência de diferenças estatísticas entre os resultados da avaliação inicial e final do autoconceito, da inteligência emocional, da ansiedade e da autoeficácia. Estas construções foram medidas com o Questionário de Autodescrição II, versão curta (SDQII-S), a Meta-Escala de Traço 24 (TMMS-24), a Escala de Estado e Ansiedade de Traço (STAI-S) e o Questionário Geral de Autoeficácia. A amostra incluiu um total de 182 estudantes do ensino secundário da comuna de Chillán, 88 homens e 94 mulheres (48% e 52% respectivamente), com idades entre os 14 e 17 anos (M=15; SD; 1,01), que foram selecionados por conveniência, de acordo com o critério de acessibilidade. Resultados. Os resultados indicam que o programa mostra melhorias estatisticamente significativas de pequena e moderada magnitude no grupo experimental. Conclusão. Por conseguinte, pode ser relatado que o programa foi avaliado positivamente com base num inquérito de satisfação, o que significa que se considera que esta proposta foi capaz de responder às necessidades de formação do

Abstract Objective. An adaptation of a personal development program created in Spain for use in the Chilean educational context is proposed and submitted for evaluation. The idea is to provide a concrete proposal that strengthens one of the thematic axes proposed in Chile as part of adolescents’ personal development and evaluate it to determine its effectiveness. Methodology. The research design corresponds to a quasi-experimental line with pre- and post-test and control groups, calculating t-tests to determine the existence of statistical differences between the results of the initial and final evaluation of self-concept, emotional intelligence, anxiety, and self-efficacy. These constructs were measured with the Self-Description Questionnaire II, short version (SDQII-S), the Trait Meta-Mood Scale 24 (TMMS-24), the State and Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI-S), and the General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. The sample included 182 high school students from the commune of Chillán, 88 males and 94 females (48% and 52%, respectively), aged between 14 and 17 years (M=15; SD; 1.01), who were selected by convenience, according to the criterion of accessibility. Results. The results indicate that the program shows statistically significant improvements of small and moderate magnitude in the experimental group. Conclusion. For the same reason, it can be reported that the program was positively evaluated using a satisfaction survey, so it is estimated that this proposal has been able to respond to the training needs of the Chilean educational system.