Resumen Los Pestivirus bovinos son los agentes causales de la diarrea viral bovina, una enfermedad que genera importantes pérdidas económicas en el ganado vacuno. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mejorar su diagnóstico mediante el desarrollo de una RT-qPCR para detectar los Pestivirus bovinos A, B y H y disenar un protocolo de recolección, envío y conservación de ARN viral en papeles de filtro. La RT-qPCR desarrollada demostró alta sensibilidad en la detección de estos virus en diferentes matrices: stock viral, suero y semen. Respecto de la posibilidad de usar la técnica para testear pools de suero, fue posible identificar un suero positivo dentro de un pool compuesto por 30 sueros. Además de evaluar la qPCR en muestras frescas, se analizó el uso de papeles de filtro para sembrar muestras de bovinos. La metodología de toma de muestras en dos tipos de papeles de filtro usando gotas de sangre fue una alternativa útil para el diagnóstico y permitió conservar ARN viral por hasta 12 meses a temperaturas de refrigeración.

Abstract Bovine pestiviruses are the causative agents of bovine viral diarrhea, a disease thatcauses severe economic losses in cattle. The aim of this study was to improve their diagnosisby developing a RT-qPCR to detect bovine pestiviruses A, B and H; and to set up a protocolfor collecting, shipping and preserving bovine pestiviral RNA on filter papers. The developedRT-qPCR showed high sensitivity in detecting these viruses in different matrices: viral stocks,semen and serum samples. With regard to the possibility of using the technique to test serumpools, it was possible to identify a positive serum sample within a pool containing 30 sera.In addition to evaluating the qPCR from fresh samples, the use of filter papers to sow bovinesamples was analyzed. The sampling method on two different filter papers using bovine blooddrops was a useful alternative for diagnostic purposes and allowed to preserve pestiviral RNAfor up to 12 months under refrigeration.

Abstract This paper presents a methodology for the conceptual design of a Maneuver Load Control system taking into account the airframe flexibility. The system, when switched on, is able to minimize the bending moment augmentation at a wing station near the wing root during an unsteady longitudinal maneuver. The reduction of the incremental wing bending moment due to maneuvers can lead to benefits such as improved pay-loads/gross weight capabilities and/or extended structural fatigue life. The maneuver is performed by following a desired vertical load factor law with elevators deflections, starting from the trim equilibrium in level flight. The system observes load factor and structural bending through accelerometers and calibrated strain sensors and then sends signals to a computer that symmetrically actuates ailerons for reducing the structural bending and elevators for compensating the perturbation to the longitudinal equilibrium. The major limit of this kind of systems appears when it has to be installed on commercial transport aircraft for reduced OEW or augmented wing aspect-ratio. In this case extensive RAMS analyses and high redundancy of the MLC related sub-systems are required by the Certification Authority. Otherwise the structural design must be performed at system off. Thus the unique actual benefit to be gained from the adoption of a MLC system on a commercial transport is the fatigue life extension. An application to a business aircraft responding to the EASA Certification Specifications, Part 25, has been performed. The aircraft used for the numerical application is considered only as a test case-study. Most of design and analysis considerations are applicable also to other aircraft, such as unmanned or military ones, although some design requirements can be clearly different. The estimation of the fatigue life extension of a structural joint (wing lower skin-stringer), located close to the wing root, has been estimated by showing the expected benefit to be gained from the adoption of such a maneuvering load control system.

INTRODUÇÃO: A perda auditiva neurossensorial bilateral simétrica resultante do tratamento oncológico é subestimada, pois os pacientes têm a detecção auditiva preservada, relatando queixa em determinadas situações, ou a não compreensão de parte da mensagem. OBJETIVO: Investigar quais as frequências audiométricas acometidas são responsáveis pela presença de queixa auditiva. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo avaliando 200 pacientes com câncer na infância fora de tratamento oncológico há no mínimo 8 anos, com idade média ao diagnóstico de 6,21 anos (4,71). Foi aplicada anamnese para investigar a presença de queixa auditiva e realizada audiometria tonal limiar. Para verificar a associação entre queixa e perda auditiva, foi empregado o teste exato de Fisher, com um erro a=5%. Os pacientes foram divididos em: audição normal, perda auditiva em 8kHz, perda em 6-8kHz, perda em 4-8kHz, perda em 2-8kHz e perda em <1-8kHz. RESULTADOS: Encontramos 125 pacientes com audição normal, 10 apresentaram queixa auditiva. Entre os pacientes com perda auditiva, 16 apresentaram perda somente em 8kHz, e 1 com queixa; 22 com perda em 6-8kHz, sendo 3 com queixa; 16 com perda em 4-8kHz, destes 10 com queixa; 15 com perda 2-8kHz, sendo 14 com queixa e 6 com perda em <1-8kHz todos com queixa. Houve relação estatisticamente significante entre perda e queixa auditiva (p<0.001), quando a frequência de 4kHz foi envolvida. CONCLUSÃO: Quanto maior o número de frequências acometidas maior a ocorrência de queixa auditiva, sobretudo quando as frequências da fala estão envolvidas, sendo que o acometimento de 4kHz já determina o aparecimento das queixas.

INTRODUCTION: The neurosensory bilateral simetric hearing loss resulting of the oncological treatment is underestimated, because the patients has the hearing detection preserved, reporting complaints in determined situation, or the not comprehension of part of the message. OBJECTIVE: Investigate which are the audiometric frequencies affected are the responsible by the presence of hearing complaints. METHOD: Prospective study evaluating 200 patients with cancer in the childhood out of the oncological treatment in at least 8 years, with average age to the diagnosis of 6,21 years (4,71). Was applied anamnesis to investigate the presence of hearing complaints and performed a tonal threshold audiometry. To check the association between the complaint and the hearing loss, was applied the Exact test of Fisher, with one error a=5%, the patients were split into: normal hearing, hearing loss in 8kHz, loss in 6-8 kHz, loss in 4-8 kHz, loss in 2-8 kHz and loss in < 1-8 kHz. RESULTS: We found 125 patients with hearing loss, 10 presented hearing complaints. Between the patients with hearing loss, 16 presented loss only at 8kHz, and 1 with complaint; 22 with loss in 6-8 kHz, being 3 with complaint; 16 with loss in 4-8 kHz, from them 10 with complaint; 15 with loss 2-8 kHz, being 14 with complaint and 6 with loss in < 1-8 kHz all with complaints. There were a significant relationship between the loss and hearing complaint (p<0,001), when the frequency of 4 kHz was involved. CONCLUSION: The bigger the number of affected frequencies the bigger the occurrence of hearing complaint, most of all when the speech frequencies are involved, and the involvement of 4 kHz already determines the appearing of the complaints.