ABSTRACT Objective To develop a scientific consensus on nutrition in cystic fibrosis. Methods Sixteen coordinators elaborated relevant questions on nutritional therapy in cystic fibrosis, which were divided into six sections: nutritional assessment, nutritional recommendations, nutritional intervention, dietary counseling, special situations and enzyme replacement, and gastrointestinal manifestations. Two to three specialists in the field were responsible for each section and obtaining answers formulated based on standardized bibliographic searches. The available literature was searched in the PubMed®/MEDLINE database, after training and standardization of search strategies, to write the best level of evidence for the questions elaborated. Issues related to disagreement were discussed until a consensus was reached among specialists, based on the current scientific literature. Results Forty-two questions were prepared and objectively answered, resulting in a consensus of nutritional therapy in cystic fibrosis. Conclusion This work enabled establishing a scientific consensus for nutritional treatment of cystic fibrosis patients.

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a plant of Andean origin currently cultivated and consumed in several parts of the world for having numerous nutraceutical properties. An increasing interest in its cultivation demands advanced technical information on this crop, still scarce. Considering this, our study aimed to evaluate the propagation of yacon by rhizophores with different bud number. The experiment was conducted in two phases: the first phase was developed in a seedling nursery, using a completely randomized design with four treatments and 50 repetitions. The treatments consisted of rhizophores with: one to two buds (T1), three to four buds (T2), five to six buds (T3), and seven to eight buds (T4). The second phase was performed in the field with random blocks, four treatments, four repetitions, and the same treatments of the first phase. The following morphological and growth characteristics were assessed: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of stems per plant, Dickson quality index (DQI), leaf area, leaf dry mass, rhizophores, tuberous root, and productivity. The following physiological features were also analyzed: chlorophyll content (FCI - Falker chlorophyll index), net carbon assimilation rate, leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Seedlings from rhizophores with three to four buds presented the best morphological and growth characteristics, DQI = 0.47 and good performance in the field. In addition, the plants originated from this material (rhizophores with three to four buds) showed greater accumulation of dry matter in the aerial part and tuberous roots, and consequently higher productivity in fresh tuberous roots, constituiting a suitable propagation form for the cultivation of yacon.

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) es una planta de origen andino que actualmente se cultiva y consume en varias partes del mundo por tener numerosas propiedades nutracéuticas. El aumento en el interés por la especie ha generado una demanda de información técnica sobre su cultivo, sin embargo, esta información es escasa. Este artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar la propagación de yacon a partir de rizóforos con diferentes números de yemas. Así, el experimento se desarrolló en dos fases. El primero fue desarrollado en un vivero de plántulas, en un diseño completamente al azar, con cuatro tratamientos y 50 repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en propágulos con: T1 (una a dos yemas), T2 (tres a cuatro yemas), T3 (cinco a seis yemas) y T4 (siete a ocho yemas). La segunda fase se realizó en campo con bloques aleatorios, con cuatro tratamientos y 4 repeticiones, teniendo los mismos tratamientos que la primera fase. Se evaluaron las siguientes características morfológicas y de crecimiento: altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, número de hojas, cantidad de tallos por planta, índice de calidad de Dickson (DQI), área foliar, biomasa foliar, rizóforos, raíz tuberosa y productividad en raíces tuberosas frescas. Las características fisiológicas evaluadas fueron el contenido relativo de clorofila (FCI - índice de clorofila Falker), la tasa neta de asimilación de carbono, la transpiración de las hojas, la conductancia estomática, la concentración interna de carbono, la eficiencia del uso del agua y la eficiencia de la carboxilación instantánea. Las plántulas de rizóforo con tres a cuatro yemas presentaron el mejor rendimiento de características morfológicas y de crecimiento, un DQI = 0,47 y un buen rendimiento en el campo. Además, las plantas originarias de este material (rizóforos con tres y cuatro yemas) mostraron una mayor acumulación de materia seca en la parte aérea y en las raíces tuberosas, en consecuencia, mayor productividad en las raíces tuberosas frescas, mostrándose como una forma adecuada de propagación para el cultivo de yacon.

Objetivo Determinar se uma dieta hipercolesterolemiante induz esteatose hepática, alterações na expressão de mRNA da NADPH oxidase e nas defesas antioxidantes.Materiais e métodos : Ratas Fischer foram divididas em dois grupos de oito animais de acordo com o tratamento recebido, controle (C) e hipercolesterolêmico (H). Aquelas do grupo C foram alimentadas com dieta padrão (AIN-93M) e as do grupo H foram alimentadas com dieta hipercolesterolemiante (25% de óleo de soja e 1% de colesterol). As dietas foram oferecidas por oito semanas.Resultados : O grupo H apresentou acúmulo de lipídios no fígado, aumento das atividades de ALT e AST e da concentração de colesterol no soro comparado ao grupo C. O marcador da peroxidação lipídica (TBARS) e os níveis de mRNA das subunidades p47phox da NADPH-oxidase e p22phox foram aumentados no fígado de animais do grupo H, além de alteração da atividade e expressão de enzimas antioxidantes.Conclusão : Os resultados mostram um aumento na expressão de subunidades da NADPH oxidase e alterações na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes na esteatose hepática induzida por dieta hipercolesterolemiante. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):251-9

Objective : This study aimed to determine whether a hypercholesterolemic diet induces hepatic steatosis, alterations in mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, and antioxidant defenses.Materials and methods : Fischer rats were divided into two groups of eight animals according to the treatment, control (C) and hypercholesterolemic diet (H). Those in group C were fed a standard diet (AIN-93M), and those of the group H were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (25% soybean oil and 1% cholesterol).Results : The hypercholesterolemic diet did not affect body weight, but resulted in the accumulation of lipids in the liver, increased serum activities of aminotransferases and cholesterol levels. Biomarker of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits p22phox and p47phox were increased in the liver of animals in group H. Besides, the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes were altered.Conclusion : The results show increased mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):251-9

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar um protocolo de micropropagação para o barbatimão. Para indução de brotações, os segmentos nodais foram inoculados em meio de cultura MS com diferentes concentrações de cinetina (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5mg L-1). Para indução de raízes, brotações obtidas "in vitro" foram inicialmente transferidas para meio MS contendo 50% da concentração de sais e com diferentes concentrações de ANA (0, 1, 2, 3 e 4mg L-1). Posteriormente, as brotações foram transferidas para meio MS contendo 50% da concentração de sais, suplementado com carvão ativado. Para a aclimatização, as plantas obtidas foram transferidas para tubetes contendo diferentes substratos e, então, envolvidas com saco plástico transparente para auxiliar temporariamente na manutenção da umidade. As concentrações de 1 e 5mg L-1 de cinetina foram as mais eficientes na indução de gemas e brotos, respectivamente. Brotações com maiores comprimentos foram observadas em meio de cultura suplementado com 1mg L-1 de cinetina. Raízes em maior número e comprimento foram observados em meio de cultura suplementado com 4mg L-1 de ANA. Os substratos utilizados não afetaram significativamente a taxa de sobrevivência das plantas durante a fase de aclimatização.

The objective of the research was to determine a micropropagation protocol for the specie Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville. For shoot induction, nodal segments were inoculated in MS medium with different concentrations of kinetin (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5mg L-1). For root induction, initially the shoots obtained 'in vitro' were transferred to MS containing 50% of salt concentration and with different concentrations of NAA (0, 1, 2, 3 e 4mg L-1). Lately, the shoots were moved to MS medium containing 50% of salt concentration, supplemented with activated charcoal. For acclimatization, the plants obtained were moved to plastic tubes containing different substrates and then covered with transparent plastic bags in order to maintain the environment humidity. The kinetin concentrations of 5.0 and 1.0mg L-1 were the most efficient for the induction of shots and buds, respectively. Shoot with a higher lengh were observed in MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg L-1 of kinetin. Roots in a higher number and length were observed in MS medium supplemented with 4.0mg L-1 of NAA. The substrates used had no significant effect on the rate of plant survival during the acclimatization stage.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi promover o tratamento hidrometalúrgico do licor de sulfato de manganês proveniente da lixiviação do minério de manganês da Mina do Azul (PA), através da remoção de cobre, níquel, cobalto e ferro presentes em solução, via extração por solventes. Foi empregado o CYANEX302® como extratante orgânico solubilizado em Exxsol D-100®. Os resultados obtidos para o sistema CYANEX302® em Exxsol D-100® foram satisfatórios, alcançando percentuais individuais de extração de 98% de zinco, 92% de níquel e 77% para o ferro, enquanto mais de 90% de manganês permaneceu em solução. Nas condições de máxima extração conjunta de impurezas metálicas e mínima extração de manganês, isto é, porcentagem de CYANEX302® na fase orgânica igual a 6,0%, tempo de contato entre as fases igual a 3 minutos e relação fase orgânica e fase aquosa igual a 5,5, os resultados experimentais obtidos mostraram que 3,7% de manganês foram extraídos conjuntamente com 77,1% de ferro, 89,7% de zinco e 31,3% de níquel.

The goal of this experimental work was to treat a manganese sulfate aqueous solution obtained from the sulfuric acid leaching of Mina do Azul manganese ore (Brazil) to remove copper, nickel, cobalt and iron by solvent extraction using CYANEX302® solubilized in Exxsol D-100®. The experimental results for the individualized extraction stage were considered satisfactory and reached 98% Zn, 92% Ni and 77% Fe, while more than 90% of manganese was kept in solution. The experimental conditions for maximum impurities extraction and minimum manganese extraction were 6.0% v/v CYANEX302® in the organic phase, 3 minutes of contact time between phases and an organic/aqueous phase ratio equal to 5.5. Under these conditions, the results were 3.7% extraction of manganese, 77.1% iron, 89.7% zinc and 31.3% extraction of nickel.