MWO4 host matrices (M: Sr, Ba) doped with different Tm3+ concentrations (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 mol%) have been successfully prepared by the coprecipitation method at room temperature. The as-prepared nanophosphors were characterized by infrared spectroscopy showing intense absorption bands in the range of 700-1000 cm-1 attributed to the symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching vibrations (ν) of the tetrahedral [WO4]2- group. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements reveal the tetragonal scheelite phase with the I41/a (No. 88) space group. The emission spectra of the MWO4:Tm3+ materials are dominated by the highest intensity narrow band of the intraconfigurational 1D2 → 3F4 transitions in the blue region (ca. 456 nm) arising from the Tm3+ ions. Additional low-intensity emission bands originated from the 1G4 → 3H6 (ca. 475 nm), 1G4 → 3F4 (660 nm) and 3H4 → 3H6 (700 nm) transitions are also observed. These optical results indicate that the materials can be used as an alternative to blue-emitting markers.

RESUMO: Para determinar se falhas reprodutivas em ovelhas na região semiárida da Bahia estão relacionadas ao consumo de Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, foi realizado um estudo utilizando-se ovelhas prenhes divididas em seis grupos e dois Grupos Controle. Os grupos G1, G2, G3 e G4 com seis animais cada. Cada grupo recebeu folhas fenadas na proporção de 1%, 2%, 0,5% e 0,25% do peso vivo (PV) respectivamente; G5 e G6, com 10 animais cada, que receberam 0,25% e 0,5% do PV respectivamente. Os Grupos Controle foram alimentados com ração e capim (Cynodon dactylon). Ovelhas dos grupos 1 a 4 iniciaram ingestão da planta quatro dias após monta natural com término aos 80 dias de gestação, enquanto as dos grupos 5 a 6 iniciaram ingestão no 26º dia de gestação com término aos 98 dias. Avaliação ultrassonográfica foi realizada semanalmente. Nos animais do G1 (1%), verificou-se perda embrionária aos 32 e 39 dias de gestação, e aborto aos 46 dias. Nos do G2 (2%) a perda embrionária foi mais precoce (26 dias), e aborto aos 46 dias. No G3 (0,5%), houve perda embrionária em torno dos 40 dias. No G4 (0,25%), verificou-se ocorrência de natimorto com malformações aos 150 dias de gestação. No G6 (0,5%) o aborto ocorreu mais tardiamente (108 dias), seguido de retenção de placenta. Essa ocorrência também foi verificada no G5 (0,25%). A presença de malformação fetal foi encontrada em fetos natimorto do G4, nascidos vivos do G5 e G6, e um abortado do G6. No G5 e G6 também foram observadas alterações de aprumos em cordeiros sobreviventes. Do Grupo Controle nasceram 13 borregos normais, porém uma ovelha apresentou gestação quádrupla com três natimortos. Os resultados inferem que C. pyramidale fenada em baixas doses causa perdas reprodutivas em ovelhas gestantes, não sendo por isso recomendada para a dieta de ovelhas durante os primeiros 60 dias de gestação.

ABSTRACT: Determining if reproductive failures in ewes at the semiarid region in the state of Bahia are related to the consumption of the species Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, and this study was developed using pregnant ewes divided into six groups: G1, G2, G3, G4 with six animals each, G5 and G6 with ten animals. Each group received fence leaves in the proportion of 1%, 2%, 0.5%, and 0.25% of live weight (LW) respectively; G5 and G6, with ten animals each, receiving 0.25% and 0.5% of the LW, respectively, and the Control Group, comprising 16 ewes, were grass feeding (Cynodon dactylon). Ewes from G1 to G4 were the same, except for two, and started ingestion of the plant four days after ending of natural mating on the 80th day of gestation, while those regarding from G5 to G6 groups started ingestion on the 26th day of gestation ending on the 98 day. The ultrasonographic test was performed weekly. In G1 ewes (1%), there was an embryonic loss on the 32nd and 39th days of gestation and abortion on the 46th day. In G2 (2%), the embryo loss was earlier (on the 26th day of gestation), and abortion on the 46th day of gestation. In G3 group (0.5%), there was an embryonic loss around the 40th day of gestation. In G4 group (0.25%), it was observed the occurrence of one death lamb with bone malformations. In G6 (0.5%), abortion occurred later (108 days), followed by retained placenta. This was also verified in G5 group (0.25%). The presence of fetal malformation was found in death lambs born in G4 group, born alive from G5 and G6 groups, and one aborted from G6. In G5 and G6 groups, there were also genetic alterations on surviving lambs. In addition to these results, recurrent estrus was observed without gestation in G1, G2, G3, and G4 ewes. From the Control Group, 13 normal lambs were born without genetic alterations; furthermore, concerning a quadruple birth, three lambs were born dead. The results infer that species of C. pyramidale in low doses causes reproductive losses in pregnant ewes, therefore it is not recommended for sheep diet over the first 60 days of gestation.

Resumo A avaliação prática dos coeficientes aerodinâmicos em estruturas de concreto não convencionais demanda estudos específicos, que consistem em modelos em escala reduzida, em túnel de vento, para estimativa desses parâmetros. Instalações sofisticadas e sensores especiais são necessários, e a tendência é que as construções modernas, cada vez mais esbeltas e arrojadas, surjam com demandas específicas em relação a sua interação com o vento. Por outro lado, o avanço obtido em processadores modernos do tipo multi-núcleo, emerge como uma alternativa para a construção de modelos computacionais sofisticados, onde as equações diferenciais de Navier-Stokes são resolvidas para o escoamento do fluido por meio de métodos numéricos. Análises deste tipo demandam conhecimento teórico especializado, programas computacionais eficientes e computadores de alta performance para cálculos em larga escala. Este artigo apresenta resultados recentes envolvendo duas aplicações reais em estruturas de concreto, onde os parâmetros aerodinâmicos foram estimados com o auxílio da dinâmica dos fluidos computacional. Computadores convencionais do tipo quad-core foram empregados em simulações com o Método dos Volumes Finitos e uma metodologia progressiva é apresentada, destacando os principais aspectos da simulação e permitindo a sua generalização a outros tipos de problemas. Os resultados confirmam que a metodologia proposta é promissora em termos de custo computacional, estimativa do coeficiente de arrasto e versatilidade dos parâmetros da simulação. Esses resultados confirmam que computadores de média performance podem ser aplicados a estudos preliminares de parâmetros aerodinâmicos em escritórios de projeto.

Abstract The practical evaluation of aerodynamic coefficients in unconventional concrete structures requires specific studies, which are small-scale models evaluated in wind tunnels. Sophisticated facilities and special sensors are needed, and the tendency is for modern and slender constructions to arise with specific demands on their interaction with the wind. On the other hand, the advances obtained in modern multi-core processors emerge as an alternative for the construction of sophisticated computational models, where the Navier-Stokes differential equations are solved for fluid flow using numerical methods. Computations of this kind require specialized theoretical knowledge, efficient computer programs, and high-performance computers for large-scale calculations. This paper presents recent results involving two real-world applications in concrete structures, where the aerodynamic parameters were estimated with the aid of computational fluid dynamics. Conventional quad-core computers were applied in simulations with the Finite Volume Method and a progressive methodology is presented, highlighting the main aspects of the simulation and allowing its generalization to other types of problems. The results confirm that the proposed methodology is promising in terms of computational cost, drag coefficient estimation and versatility of simulation parameters. These results also indicate that mid-performance computers can be applied for preliminary studies of aerodynamic parameters in design offices.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) extract (YME) on oxidative stress parameters and pathological changes in the lungs of mice chronically exposed to hand-rolled cornhusk cigarette (HRC) smoke. Twenty-four male Swiss mice were divided into four groups exposed to the following treatments: control (ambient air), HRC, YME, and HRC plus YME. The animals were exposed to four HRCs per session, with 3 sessions/day, every day for 30 days. Twenty-four hours after the last inhalation, the mice were killed, and the left lungs were removed. The results showed that HRC contains elevated levels of tin and carbon oxide, but less arsenic, cobalt, manganese, and selenium than commercial cigarettes. YME administration reversed fibrosis, alveolar enlargement, and hemorrhage induced by HRC smoke. In addition, the YME and HRC significantly reduced the production of oxidants, oxidative damage and promoted a significant increase in total thiol. In conclusion, exposure to HRC smoke compromised pulmonary histoarchitecture by promoting structural changes and increasing oxidative stress in tissues. However, concomitant treatment with YME regulated the redox state and reduced the harmful effects of HRC smoke exposure in the lungs.

Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit is a folk medicinal species in Northeast Brazil. In this work, seedlings of H. pectinata were cultured in vitro under diverse light quality spectra and under the influence of two distinct chemical elicitors, salicylic acid and silver nitrate (SN), at concentrations of 30 and 60 μM. Growth parameters, biomass and rosmarinic acid (RA) content were evaluated. RA may be associated with the functional properties of this plant. In the light quality experiments, the highest level of rosmarinic acid was found under red light (161.65 ± 8.64 μg g-1 DW (dry weight)) at 20 days (4.26-fold higher than the control white light). Among the evaluated elicitors, elicitation with 60 μM SN at 3 days and 30 μM SN at 6 days favored the highest rosmarinic acid content (6361.70 ± 216.96 and 4542.98 ± 92.53 μg g-1 DW, respectively), with relatively high biomass yield and a similar number of leaves and height as those of control seedlings. This approach is new for H. pectinata.

Resumo Neste trabalho, a equação de Laplace é resolvida analiticamente no plano complexo para o campo de pressões hidrodinâmicas gerado pelo movimento de corpo rígido da barragem na presença de um meio fluido infinito e incompressível (um reservatório). A força exercida pelo fluido do reservatório na face da estrutura da barragem é então determinada através da integração da pressão hidrodinâmica no plano complexo, e os efeitos conservativos (parte real desta força) que traduzem os aspectos inerciais da interação barragem-reservatório, e os efeitos dissipativos (parte imaginária desta força) que traduzem os aspectos de amortecimento desta interação são analisados em função de um parâmetro escalar característico de fluxo de superfície livre (número de Froude). É feita, também, a apresentação das soluções assintóticas para os efeitos citados.

Abstract In this paper, the Laplace’s equation is solved analytically in the complex plane for the field of hydrodynamic pressures generated by the rigid body movement of a dam against a reservoir with infinite domain and incompressible fluid. The force the reservoir fluid exerts on the face of the dam is determined through the integration of the hydrodynamic pressure in the complex plane. The conservative effects (real part) and dissipative effects (imaginary part) of the force are analyzed as a function of the Froude number. The asymptotic solution of the aforementioned effects are also presented in this paper.

Resumo Fundamento: A obesidade pode ser caracterizada por uma inflamação crônica de baixo grau e está associada à produção excessiva de espécies reativas de oxigênio, fatores que contribuem para doenças coronarianas e outras cardiomiopatias. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre os parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e parâmetro inflamatório em camundongos com obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica (DIO). Métodos: 24 camundongos Swiss foram divididos em 4 grupos: dieta padrão (DP), DP + exercício resistido (DP+ER), obesidade induzida por DIO, DIO + ER. Os animais foram alimentados por 26 semanas com DP ou hiperlipídica realizando treinamento resistido nas 8 semanas finais do estudo. Para avaliar parâmetros clínicos foi realizado o teste de tolerância à insulina (TTI) e monitoramento do peso corporal. No tecido cardíaco foram avaliados parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e inflamação. Dados expressos por média e desvio padrão (p < 0,05). Resultados: O grupo DIO teve um aumento significativo nos níveis espécies reativas e peroxidação lipídica com redução após o exercício. A superóxido dismutase e o sistema glutationa não demonstraram alterações importantes nos animais DIO, com elevação perante DP+ER. Somente a atividade da catalase reduziu tanto com influência da dieta como do exercício. Ocorreu um aumento do fator de necrose tumoral-alfa (TNF-α) no grupo DIO, caracterizando um possível quadro inflamatório, com redução quando expostos ao treino resistido (DIO+ER). Conclusão: A DIO ocasionou um desequilíbrio redox no tecido cardíaco, porém o ER foi capaz de modular estes parâmetros, bem como controlar o aumento do TNF-α.

Abstract Background: Obesity can be characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation and is associated with an excesso production of reactive oxygen species, factors that contribute to coronary heart disease and other cardiomyopathies. Objective: To verify the effects of resistance exercise training on oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters on mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: 24 Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups: standard diet (SD), SD + resistance exercise (SD + RE), diet-induced obesity (DIO), DIO + RE. The animals were fed SD or HFD for 26 weeks and performed resistance exercises in the last 8 weeks of the study. The insulin tolerance test (ITT) and body weight monitoring were performed to assess the clinical parameters. Oxidative stress and inflammation parameters were evaluated in the cardiac tissue. Data were expressed by mean and standard deviation (p < 0.05). Results: The DIO group had a significant increase in reactive oxygen species levels and lipid peroxidation with reduction after exercise. Superoxide dismutase and the glutathione system showed no significant changes in DIO animals, with an increase in SD + RE. Only catalase activity decreased with both diet and exercise influence. There was an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the DIO group, characterizing a possible inflammatory condition, with a decrease when exposed to resistance training (DIO+RE). Conclusion: The DIO resulted in a redox imbalance in cardiac tissue, but the RE was able to modulate these parameters, as well as to control the increase in TNF-α levels.

OBJECTIVES: Progressive decline of physiological processes with aging is normal. Aging is also associated with decreased functional capacity and onset of many diseases. This study evaluated the changes in physical fitness (PF), body composition (BC), and lipid profile (LP) in elderly men completing different training protocols. METHODS: Fifty-five men (age 60-80 years) were randomized into the following groups: without training, aerobic training on dry land, combined training on dry land, and combined training in water. Training was conducted for 8 weeks, and PF, LP, and BC were assessed at the beginning and end of the intervention. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in all parameters; however, combined programs on land or in water were more effective at improving strength and aerobic fitness. Combined exercise produced greater effects on BC and LP and some muscle fitness parameters; however, improvements in muscular and aerobic capacities occurred independently of exercise type or model. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the effects of training occur regardless of training type or model, and are directly associated with training periodization, adherence, and regularity.

Abstract Abstract: Specimens of Leptogium collected in ten localities from the State of Rio Grande do Sul were studied. Sixteen species were found of 28 records mentioned to the state, which represents around 57% of the Leptogium diversity known for Rio Grande do Sul. Leptogium exaratum is proposed as a new species. Leptogium atlanticum, L. milligranum and L. vesiculosum are reported for the first time to the state. The lectotype of L. javanicum is reported here and detailed descriptions are provided to the examined specimens. An identification key is showed with all the 28 mentioned species of Leptogium. It is the first published taxonomic key for Leptogium from Rio Grande do Sul, the State with the highest diversity of this genus in Brazil.

RESUMO: Os suínos podem ser infectados pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV). No entanto, as vias de transmissão entre os suínos são ainda desconhecidas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi induzir a infecção experimental de BVDV-1 em leitões desmamados e avaliar a potencial transmissão pela lâmina d’água, que ajuda na troca de calor dos suínos alojados em baias. Duas repetições do experimento (BP1 e BP2) foram realizadas com 12 animais comprovadamente livres de BVDV (n=6 por repetição) alocados em três grupos: controle, sentinelas e infectados, com dois animais cada. Os animais foram mantidos em isoladores de aço inoxidável. O grupo infectado recebeu um inóculo contendo BVDV-1, estirpe Singer. Os animais permaneceram nos isoladores durante 25 dias e, durante esse período, amostras de suabe nasal foram coletadas diariamente e sangue coletado semanalmente. No final, os animais foram eutanasiados, necropsiados e fragmentos de órgãos foram coletados para histopatologia, imuno-histoquímica e RT-PCR. No primeiro experimento (BP1), os animais infectados excretaram partículas virais entre os dias 6 e 21 pós-infecção. Quanto ao grupo sentinela, a excreção ocorreu apenas em um animal, no 20º dia pós-infecção, e a soroconversão foi observada no 25º dia pós-infecção. Na BP2, os animais infectados I3 e I4 excretaram partículas virais nos dias 4 e 21 pós-infecção, respectivamente. Apenas um animal sentinela (S3) apresentou excreção no dia 13 pós-infecção. Concluiu-se que os suínos podem se infectar com BVDV-1 e excretar partículas virais potencialmente infecciosas, sendo capazes de transmitir o vírus a outros suínos através da lâmina d’água.

ABSTRACT: Swine can be infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). However, transmission routes among pigs are still unknown. The objective of the present study was to induce experimental infection of BVDV-1 in weaned piglets and to assess the potential transmission through pen back pond water, used to facilitate heat exchange of the pigs housed in barns. Two repetitions (BP1 and BP 2) were performed using 12 piglets proven to be free BVDV (n=6 per repetition) allocated into three groups: control, sentinels and infected with two piglets each. The piglets were placed in stainless steel isolators. The infected group received an inoculum containing BVDV-1, Singer strain. The piglets remained in the cabinets for 25 days, during which samples of nasal swab were collected daily and blood sampled weekly. At the end, the piglets were euthanized, necropsied and organ fragments were collected for histopathology, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. In the first experiment (BP1) the infected animals shed the virus between days 6 and 21 post-infection. Regarding the sentinel group, shedding occurred in only one piglet, on the 20th day after infection, and seroconversion was observed on the 25th day post-infection. In BP2, infected piglets I3 and I4 shed the virus on days 4 and 21 post-infection, respectively. Only one sentinel piglet (S3) she the virus on day 13 post-infection. Therefore, it was concluded that pigs can become infected with BVDV-1 and shed potentially infectious viral particles consequently, being able to transmit the virus to other pigs through back pond water.

Resumo A pressão lateral do concreto fresco gera uma carga que possui grande influência no dimensionamento das fôrmas de pilares, paredes e faces laterais das vigas. Sua previsão deve ser realizada de modo que se aproxime bem dos valores suportados pelas fôrmas, evitando-se, assim, o superdimensionamento ou subdimensionamento dessas estruturas provisórias que representam até 12% do custo total da obra. O cálculo da pressão lateral que o concreto fresco exerce sobre as fôrmas envolve diversas variáveis, sendo uma delas a velocidade de concretagem. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência da velocidade de concretagem sobre a pressão lateral do concreto fresco calculada a partir de modelos teóricos apresentados por normas e referências internacionais. Para isso, foram realizadas medições da velocidade de concretagem em pilares de cinco obras de Goiânia e calculadas as pressões máximas suportadas por suas respectivas fôrmas, a partir das dimensões e dos vãos entre os apoios dos elementos que as constituíam. Os resultados obtidos apontam que as velocidades de concretagem em campo chegam a 248,57 m/h, superando os valores limitados pelos métodos teóricos de cálculo, e que as estimativas da pressão realizadas a partir das velocidades medidas in loco ultrapassam os valores máximos suportados pelas fôrmas em até 603,75 vezes. Assim, concluiu-se que é necessária a formulação de equações para estimar a pressão lateral do concreto fresco a altas velocidades de concretagem, conforme as atuais práticas no mercado da construção civil.

Abstract The fresh concrete lateral pressure generates a load that has great influence in the design of the formworks of columns, walls and lateral faces of the beams.Its prediction must be performed in such a way in order to approach precisely well over the rate values supported by the formworks, avoiding, therefore, the oversizing or undersizing of these temporary structures which represent up to 12% of the total cost of the construction. The calculation of the lateral pressure that fresh concrete exerts on the formworks involves several variables; one of them is the placement rate. The main objective of this work was to study the influence of the placement rate, in situ, on the lateral pressure of fresh concrete calculated from theoretical models presented by norms and international references. For this purpose, measurements of the placement rate were conducted on columns of five building work places at Goiânia city, Goiás, Brazil and it was calculated the maximum pressure supported by their respective formworks from the dimensions and spans between the supports of the components that constituted them. The obtained results indicate that the placement rate in the field observations reach 249 m/h, exceeding the values limited by the theoretical methods of calculation, and that the lateral pressure estimation produced from the placement rate measured in situ exceed the maximum values supported by the formworks up to 604 times. Thus, it was concluded that it is necessary to adjust equations to estimate the lateral pressure of fresh concrete at high rate of concrete placement, according to the current practices in the construction market.

Abstract Background: Depression is the most frequent psychiatric complication of stroke and is often undetected or inadequately treated. Objective: This study aimed to characterize psychopathological aspects of Brazilian patients admitted to an acute stroke unit, and to evaluate the performance of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in detecting cases of depression. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Sixty consecutive patients admitted to an acute stroke unit were assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the Modified Rankin Scale, the Functional Independence Measure, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus, the HADS, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Pathological Laughing and Crying Scale. Results: Prevalence of depression was 26.7%. Patients with post-stroke depression were more likely to present diabetes (p < 0.01) and had greater disability (p < 0.001) and cognitive impairment (p < 0.001) in comparison to non-depressed patients. Depressed patients showed worse performance specifically on tasks of attention/calculation and language of the MMSE. ROC curve analysis of HADS provided a cutoff value of 6 for detecting depression (sensitivity: 83.3%; specificity: 83.3%). The depression subscale of HADS (HADS-D) presented sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99.17%. Discussion: HADS-D showed good performance in screening for depressive symptoms after acute stroke.

Resumo A atividade antioxidante e antifúngica das folhas obtidas da Camellia sinensis pelos métodos de não-fermentação (chás verde e branco), semi-fermentação (chá vermelho) e fermentação (chá preto) foram investigadas. Foi avaliado o conteúdo total de compostos fenólicos pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteau; a capacidade antioxidante foi avaliada in vitro usando os radicais artificiais DPPH e ABTS, o ácido hipocloroso, ensaios do ânion superóxido, hemólise induzida, peroxidação lipídica por formação de dienos conjugados e atividade da Mieloperoxidase. A atividade antifúngica foi obtida sobre três cepas de Candida spp. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os chás não fermentados apresentam a maior concentração de compostos fenólicos e também, apresentam a melhor atividade inibitória, sobre hemólise induzida por APPH, sobre a formação de dienos conjugados e a mais pronunciada atividade antioxidante sobre todos os testes. A maior atividade antifúngica foi obtida pelo chá fermentado, seguido pelo semi-fermentado e não-fermentados. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a atividade antioxidante observada não apresenta relação com a atividade antifúngica.

Abstract The antioxidant and anticandidal activities of leaves obtained from Camellia sinensis by non-fermentation (green and white teas), semi-fermentation (red tea) and fermentation method (black tea) were investigated. It was evaluated the total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteau assay; antioxidant capacities were evaluated in vitro using DPPH and ABTS radicals, hypochlorous acid and superoxide anion scavenger assays, induced hemolysis, lipid peroxidation by conjugated diene formation and myeloperoxidase activity. Anticandidal activity was performed on three strains of Candida spp. The results showed that non-fermented teas have a higher concentration of phenolic compounds, and then presented the best inhibitory activity of AAPH-induced hemolysis, the best inhibition of conjugated diene formation and more pronounced antioxidant activity in all tests. The highest anticandidal activity was obtained from fermented tea, followed by non-fermented tea. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity demonstrated has no direct relation with the anticandidal activity.

This work describes the synthesis and characterization of two new compounds with ligand opy (N-(2-pyridyl)oxamate): the copper(II) precursor [Me4N]2[Cu(opy)2].5H2O and CoII CuII coordination polymer {[CoCu(opy)2]}n×4nH2O. This latter compound was obtained by reaction of [Me4N]2[Cu(opy)2].5H2O and CoCl2.6H2O in water. The heterobimetallic CoII CuII chain was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and magnetic measurements. Magnetic characterization revealed typical behavior of one-dimensional (1D) ferrimagnetic chain as shown in the curves of temperature (T) dependence of magnetic susceptibility (χM), in the form of χMT versus T, and dependence of magnetization (M) with applied field (H).

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi pesquisar a prevalência e a etiologia da mastite bovina na bacia leiteira do município de Rondon do Pará, bem como avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade e resistência dos agentes isolados frente aos antimicrobianos. Foram avaliadas 237 vacas mestiças de aptidão leiteira, pertencentes a nove propriedades, as quais utilizavam ordenha manual uma vez ao dia e sistema de criação extensivo em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha, com fornecimento de sal mineral e água ad libitum. Realizou-se o exame clínico da glândula mamária, o teste da caneca telada e o California Mastitis Test. Dos 935 quartos mamários avaliados, 6,6% apresentaram mastite subclínica, 1,3% mastite clínica e 92,1% foram negativos. As bactérias isoladas na mastite clínica foram Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo (25%), Staphylococcus aureus (16,7%), Streptococcus spp. (8,3%) e Corynebacterium spp. (8,3%). Na mastite subclínica foram Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo (32,3%), Staphylococcus aureus (17,7%), Staphylococcus intermedius (1,6%), Streptococcus spp. (4,8%), Corynebacterium spp. (4,8%) e Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo/S. aureus (1,6%). Não houve crescimento microbiano em 41,7% das amostras com mastite clínica e 37,1% com mastite subclínica. No antibiograma, 100% dos isolados de Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo, S. aureus, S. intermedius, e Streptococcus spp. foram sensíveis ao sulfazotrim. Por outro lado Corynebacterium spp. foi 100% resistente ao mesmo antimicrobiano. A cefalotina, cefoxitina e gentamicina, apresentaram eficácia frente às bactérias isoladas do gênero Staphylococcus spp., as quais neste trabalho representam a grande maioria dos agentes causadores de mastite. A mastite foi diagnosticada em todos os rebanhos pesquisados, contudo o número de animais acometidos foi considerado baixo; isso provavelmente deve-se à baixa produção de leite dos animais e a permanência do bezerro ao pé após a ordenha, o que favorece o esvaziamento da glândula mamária. Diante disso, faz-se necessário que medidas higiênico-sanitárias e de manejo sejam adotadas.

The prevalence and the etiology of bovine mastitis in the dairy region of the county of Rondon of Pará were investigated. The sensibility and the resistance of the isolated agents to the antimicrobiotics was evaluetad; 237 mixed-bred milk cows were used on nine properties, which were hand milked once a day and kept on Brachiaria brizantha pasture, with supply of mineral salt and water ad libitum. Clinical examination of the mammary gland, the test of the sieve and California Mastitis Test were performed. Of the 935 examined mammary quarters, 6.6% had subclínical mastitis, 1.3% clinical mastitis, and 92.1% were negative. The isolated bacteria in the clinical mastitis were coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (25%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%), Streptococcus spp. (8,3%), and Corynebacterium spp. (8.3%). In the subclínical mastitis coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (32.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.7%), Staphylococcus intermedius (1.6%), Streptococcus spp. (4.8%), Corynebacterium spp. (4.8%), and coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp./S.aureus (1.6%) were isolated. There was no microbial growth in 41.7% of the samples with clinical mastitis and in 37.1% with subclínical mastitis. In the antibiogram, 100% of the isolated negative coagulase Staphylococcus spp., S. aureus, S. intermedius, and Streptococcus spp. were sensitive to sulfazotrim. On the other hand, Corynebacterium spp. were 100% resistant to this same antimicrobiotic. Cefalotina, cefoxitina and gentamicina were efficient against the isolated Staphylococcus spp. which represent the greater part of the mastitis agents in this study. Mastitis was diagnosed in all flocks studied, however the number of affected animals was considered low; this probably is due to low milk production of the cows and to permanence of the calf with the mother after milking, what favors emptying the mammary gland. But hygienic sanitary measures and management practices have to be improved.