Abstract The industrial waste peoduction causes environmental damage, so it is important to reintroduce them into the production cycle to promove a more sustainable development. The present study aims to investigate the use of residual marble powder as a filler and its effects on the production of concrete for interlocking pavements. For this purpose, natural sand was replaced by 15% and 25% marble powder, these percentages being scarce in the literature on the reuse of marble waste. The physical properties of the materials used were evaluated, and the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the developed concrete were analyzed. It was observed that marble powder improves the workability of the mixture and reduces the quantity of empty spots in the concrete, resulting in a stronger, denser, and more homogeneous material. The axial compressive resistence achieved by the concrete was close to 40 MPa, meeting the Brazilian technical standard for interlocking pavement production. It was found that the integration of waste into the production cycle is beneficial for optimizing material properties, reducing the consumption of raw materials and the associated environmental impacts of their extraction.

Resumo A produção de resíduos industriais causa impactos ambientais, por isso é importante reintroduzi-los no ciclo produtivo para promover um desenvolvimento mais sustentável. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de investigar o uso do pó de mármore residual como fíler e seus efeitos na produção de concreto para pavimentos intertravados. Para isso, a areia natural foi substituída em 15% e 25% pelo pó de mármore, percentuais pouco usados na literatura de reaproveitamento de resíduos de mármore. Foram avaliadas as propriedades físicas dos materiais utilizados e as características mecânicas e microestruturais dos concretos desenvolvidos. Notou-se que o pó de mármore melhora a trabalhabilidade da mistura e reduz a quantidade de vazios no concreto, resultando em um material mais resistente, denso e homogêneo. As resistências à compressão obtidas pelos concretos foram próximas de 40 MPa, o que atende à norma técnica brasileira para produção de pavimentos intertravados. Verificou-se que a inserção de resíduos no ciclo produtivo é benéfica por otimizar propriedades dos materiais, reduzir o consumo de matérias-primas e os impactos ambientais associados à sua extração.

Abstract Carbon-black nanoparticles (CBN) have been incorporated into cement-based materials for improvement of mechanical or self-sensing properties. There is no previous research focused on the microstructural evaluation of effects of CBN on both parameters. In this work, mortars containing different CBN contents were produced, cured for 28 days, and subjected to electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Tests for determination of compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and piezoresistivity response were developed. SEM indicated that lower CBN contents refined the cementitious matrix, while higher contents increased the volume of voids. XRD and Raman spectroscopy indicated hydration improvements for CBN contents between 0.375% and 3%. The best mechanical improvements were provided by concentrations of CBN up to 3%. CBN contents of 5% and 6% provided the best sensing properties. The optimal concentration was found to be 5% of CBN, since it provided excellent piezoresistivity, without significant mechanical properties loss.

Resumo As argamassas de revestimento e assentamento de alvenaria com uso de areia artificial de britagem tem se tornado uma alternativa viável nos últimos anos, contudo têm-se grandes divergências quanto a preceitos de dosagem adequada para esses materiais. Diante disso, este trabalho objetiva estudar argamassas mistas de revestimento e assentamento de alvenaria com areia artificial de britagem e areia natural, de forma a avaliar os efeitos desses agregados em propriedades do estado fresco e endurecido sob análise de um processo de dosagem mais eficiente. Foram realizados ensaios de teor de ar incorporado; resistências à compressão, tração na flexão e aderência; módulo de elasticidade; absorção de água; porosidade; fissurabilidade e testes estatísticos em três idades (14, 28 e 85 dias). Empregou-se CP-II-E-32, cal CH-I, areia artificial de britagem de gnaisse e areia natural quartzosa. Percebe-se que o tipo de agregado influencia significantemente nas propriedades analisadas e que se necessita de um método de dosagem que considere esses preceitos/condições para obtenção de argamassas mistas de boa qualidade e de acordo com as condições de uso.

Abstract Coating mortars and plastering masonry using artificial sand from crushing has become a viable alternative in recent years, however, there is widespread disagreement with regards to the adequate dosage of materials. The objective of this project was to study coating mortars and plastering masonry with artificial crushing sand and natural sand, in order to evaluate the effects of these aggregates on fresh and hardened states properties under analysis of a more efficient mix design process. The samples were tested for incorporated air content, resistance to compression, traction in flexion and grip, modulus of elasticity; water absorption; porosity. Cracking and statistical tests were performed in three age groups (14, 28 and 85 days). CPII-E-32, CH-I lime, artificial crushing gneiss sand and natural quartz sand were used. The results showed that the artificial aggregate is suitable for use in mixed mortars. The study demonstrated that the type of mortar significantly influences the properties analysed and and that it is necessary to have a dosage method that considers those conditions in order to obtain good-quality mortars that are suitable to the conditions of use.

Degradation of mechanical properties and durability of reinforced concrete structures occur when they are subjected to fire situations, depending on the characteristics of the material, fire duration and the ways of fire extinguishing. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength and elasticity modulus are some examples of typically altered characteristics in concrete during high temperature exposure. Nevertheless, little is known about the advance of the carbonation front on fire-damaged concrete, which is a characteristic directly related to the durability of the structural system. For this purpose, the carbonation front was evaluated in specimens with characteristic strengths of 20 MPa and 35 MPa, subjected to high temperatures (200 °C, 500 ºC and 700 ºC) and different types of cooling (fast and slow). It was observed that the concrete durability is harmed by exposure to high temperatures and fast cooling. However, advance of the carbonation front was not verified in slow cooling situations.

Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo propor e analisar um método de dosagem experimental para argamassas de revestimento utilizando como agregado miúdo a areia artificial de britagem. Buscou-se identificar e padronizar procedimentos de dosagem de modo a atender a uma condição de obra para um revestimento de argamassa externo, segundo as especificações da ABNT NBR 13281:2005 (ABNT, 2005a). O método de dosagem proposto foi verificado com ensaios de teor de ar incorporado, resistências à compressão e tração na flexão e por resistência de aderência à tração, módulo de elasticidade, absorção de água, porosidade, fissurabilidade, imagens de microscópio digital e testes estatísticos. Empregou-se cimento Portland do tipo II com escória de alto forno, cal hidratada do tipo I e areia artificial de britagem de gnaisse. Concluiu-se que o método proposto é eficiente e permite obter argamassas de revestimento de boa qualidade utilizando areia artificial de britagem, de acordo com as condições preestabelecidas. Há facilidade e flexibilidade na forma de obtenção dos teores de cada componente e do traço adequado, sendo uma boa alternativa para a realização desse tipo de dosagem.

Abstract The aim of this study was to propose and analyse an experimental mix design method for coating mortars using artificial crushing sand as fine aggregate. We sought to identify and standardize the mix design procedures so as to fulfil the working conditions for an external mortar coating under the specifications of ABNT NBR 13281:2005 (ABNT, 2005a). The proposed mix design method was assessed using the following tests: entrained air content, compressive strength, flexural strength tests and adherence, modulus of elasticity, water absorption, porosity, cracking, stereoscopic magnifier images and statistical analysis. We used Portland cement type II with blast furnace slag, hydrated lime type I, and artificial crushing sand gneiss. The conclusion of the study is that the proposed method is efficient and produces good quality coating mortars using artificial crushing sand, according to pre-established conditions. It is an easy and flexible way to obtain the appropriate levels of each component and the appropriate trait, representing a good alternative for the performance of this type of dosage.

This work presents comparative analyses of the effect of specimens' shape and size on the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of mortars. Mortar mixtures with compressive strength between 5 and 20 MPa were produced. Experimental tests determined the compressive strength of cylinder specimens of (5 x 10) cm and (10 x 20) cm, and also cubic specimens resulted of mortar's flexural strength tests, which use (4 x 4 x 16) cm prisms. The modulus of elasticity of the cylinder specimens was also determined. Cubic specimens' compressive strength was higher than (10 x 20) cm cylinder's compressive strength and lower than (5 x 10) cm cylinder's compressive strength. The dimensions of the cylinder specimens influenced its compressive strength, which was higher for the (5 x 10) cm specimens. However, it did not affect the static modulus of elasticity of the material. Correlations between the results were established and comparisons with different authors' results were made, improving both technological control and characterization of cement-lime mortars.