L-Arginine and chronic exercise reduce oxidative stress. However, it is unclear how they affect cardiomyocytes during cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible effects of L-arginine supplementation and aerobic training on systemic oxidative stress and their consequences on cardiomyocytes during cardiometabolic disease onset caused by excess fructose. Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control (C), fructose (F, 10% fructose in water), fructose training (FT; moderate running, 50-70% of the maximal velocity), and fructose arginine (FA; 880 mg/kg/day). Fructose was given for two weeks and fructose plus treatments for the subsequent eight weeks. Body composition, blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, nitrite, metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, left ventricle histological changes, microRNA-126, -195, and -146, eNOS, p-eNOS, and TNF-α expressions were analyzed. Higher abdominal fat mass, triacylglycerol level, and insulin level were observed in the F group, and both treatments reversed these alterations. Myocardial vascularization was impaired in fructose-fed groups, except in FT. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was observed in all fructose-fed groups. TNF-α levels were higher in fructose-fed groups than in the C group, and p-eNOS levels were higher in the FA than in the C and F groups. Lipid peroxidation was higher in the F group than in the FT and C groups. During CVD onset, moderate aerobic exercise reduced lipid peroxidation, and both training and L-arginine prevented metabolic changes caused by excessive fructose. Myocardial vascularization was impaired by fructose, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy appeared to be influenced by pro-inflammatory and oxidative environments.

RESUMO A sobrevivência e o crescimento da ostra nativa Crassostrea gasar nas fases juvenil e adulta foram avaliados sob três diferentes densidades de estocagem [baixa (D), média (2D) e alta (3D)] e dois sistemas de engorda (fixo e flutuante). O sistema fixo consistiu em uma mesa de PVC, fixada na parte inferior com varas de madeira. O sistema flutuante consistiu em travesseiros flutuantes suspensos por uma mesa de PVC e mantidas submersas da superfície da água do mar por oito flutuadores. Registraram-se sobrevivência e altura da concha de ostras cultivadas após 30, 60 e 90 dias, em cada fase (juvenil e adulta) e em cada sistema (fixo e flutuante). Os resultados mostraram que o sistema de engorda não afetou a sobrevivência e o crescimento de C. gasar nas fases juvenil e adulta. As densidades testadas afetaram a sobrevivência das ostras ao longo do tempo, em ambas as fases, mas não afetaram o crescimento em altura. Nos tempos analisados, ostras juvenis apresentaram crescimento após 90 dias de cultivo. Porém, na fase adulta, não foi observado crescimento após 90 dias de cultivo. A produção de ostras, foi maior na densidade 3D, nas fases juvenil e adulta. Os presentes achados contribuíram para o desenvolvimento do cultivo da ostra C. gasar.

ABSTRACT Survival and growth of the native oyster Crassostrea gasar along the juvenile and adult phases were evaluated in three different stocking densities [low (D), medium (2D) and high (3D)] and in two grow-out systems (fixed and floating system). The fixed system consisted of a rack made with PVC, fixed from the bottom with wood sticks. The floating system consisted of floating bags suspended by a rack made with PVC and maintained submerged from the seawater surface by eight floats. Survival and shell height of oysters cultured after 30, 60 and 90 days were registered in each phase and in each grow-out system. Results showed that the grow-out system did not affect survival and growth of C. gasar in the juvenile and adult phases. The tested densities affected the survival of oysters cultured over time in both phases but did not affect oyster growth. At times analyzed, it was observed positive growth in juvenile oysters grow after 90 days of culture. However, in the adult phase, no growth was observed after 90 days of culture. Oyster yield was higher in the density 3D, in both juvenile and adult phases. These findings contributed to the development of the oyster C. gasar culture.

Abstract Microsatellite primers pairs were developed for the Neotropical tree Roupala montana var. brasiliensis for use in studies on genetic diversity, mating system, and gene flow. Forty-two primer pairs were developed, resulting in 27 polymorphic loci, with two to 27 alleles per locus. The primer pairs were validated against 34 R. montana var. brasiliensis adult trees from four populations. The observed (H o) and expected (H e)heterozygosities ranged among loci from 0.061 to 0.930 (mean of 0.544) and from 0.116 to 0.950 (mean of 0.700), respectively. Null alleles were observed for ten loci. No genotypic linkage disequilibrium was detected in any pair of loci. This set of loci is suitable for population genetic studies of the species.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and calcium chloride (CaCl2) on the growth and in vitro fermentation of cellulolytic, glycolytic, and amylolytic microorganisms from the rumen of a goat. Six concentrations of each salt were tested separately, namely 0 mg/dL, 100 mg/dL, 200 mg/dL, 400 mg/dL, 800 mg/dL, and 1600 mg/dL in the culture medium. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 6 x 3 factorial arrangement of salt concentration and substrate (starch, cellulose, and glucose) with three replications of each treatment combination. Concentrations of microbial protein, ammonia (NH3-N), and volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) were measured. A quadratic effect of CaCl2 concentration on the production of microbial protein was observed in the cellulose medium. The effect of MgCl2 on NH3-N production in the cellulose medium decreased linearly. Propionate concentration decreased linearly with increasing levels of NaCl and MgCl2 in the media containing starch. There was a decreasing linear effect of MgCl2 on the concentration of butyrate in the media containing glucose. In conclusion, concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2 up to 1,600 mg/dL did not affect the microbial activity of starch, cellulose, and glucose-fermenting organisms. However, the microbial activity of starch-fermenting microbes was inhibited at salt concentrations above 800 mg/dL. Thus, brackish water could be used by goats in semiarid regions, but its use should be managed carefully so that it does not have a negative impact on rumen microbial populations.

RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a influência da temperatura e da luz sobre a germinação das sementes de Stigmaphyllon blanchetii, conhecida popularmente como rabo-de-rato. Na primeira etapa da pesquisa, foi avaliado o efeito de três temperaturas constantes (20 oC, 25 oC e 30 oC) e uma alternada de 20-30 oC. Na segunda etapa, para simulação da luz sob diferentes qualidades espectrais, foram utilizadas quatro condições de luminosidade (luz branca, luz vermelha, vermelho distante e ausência de luz). As temperaturas que proporcionaram melhor germinação e desenvolvimento para S. blanchetii foram a constante de 30 oC e alternada de 20-30 oC. As sementes germinaram tanto na presença como na ausência de luz, porém houve maior germinação e desenvolvimento das plântulas na ausência de luz, podendo ser classificadas em fotoblásticas negativas preferenciais.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present work was to study the influence of temperature and light on germination of seeds of Stigmaphyllon blanchetii, popularly known as rat tail. The first stage of the research evaluated the effect of three constant temperatures (20 oC, 25 oC and 30 oC) and an alternating temperature (20-30 oC). In the second stage, for simulation of different types of light, four conditions of luminosity (white, red, far red and absence of light) were used. The temperatures that provided the best germination and development for S. blanchetii are the constant (30 oC) and the alternating (20-30 oC) ones. The seeds germinated both in the presence and absence of light, but there was greater germination and seedling development in the absence of light; thus they were classified as preferential negative photoblastic seeds.

This study aimed to evaluate the microbial populations, fermentation profile, dry matter recovery and chemical composition of elephant grass silage with ground maize (GM) and the fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB). A factorial design was used with four levels of GM (0 g/kg, 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg and 200 g/kg), untreated or treated with FJLB, in a completely randomized design with five replicates. A pre-experiment was undertaken to determine the optimum level of sucrose to be added to fermented juice for the development of epiphytic microflora. In this pre-experiment, a completely randomized design with three replications was used. The treatments were represented by the levels of sucrose (0 g/kg, 5 g/kg, 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg, 40 g/kg, 60 g/kg and 80 g/kg, fresh matter basis). The microbial populations, dry matter recovery, and effluent losses were affected by the interaction between GM and FJLB. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) contents increased linearly with the inclusion of GM. The addition of GM enhanced the fermentation process via a reduction in losses, and improvements were identified in the nutritional value of elephant grass silages. The use of fermented juice increased dry matter recovery, and its effect was more pronounced when ground maize was added.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de dietas contendo silagem de diferentes cultivares de sorgo sobre as características físicas e químicas na carne de ovinos sem padrão racial definido, com idade entre cinco e sete meses e peso vivo médio de 17,7±3,7kg, alimentados com dietas contendo silagem de diferentes cultivares de sorgo. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental Pendência, pertencente à Empresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Emepa, tendo um período experimental de 42 dias. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (silagem de sorgo BRS 610, BRS 655, BRS 800, BRS 810 e Ponta Negra) e sete repetições. Ao atingirem o peso de abate de 26,24kg, os animais foram encaminhados ao abate. Procedeu-se à análise do pH, da cor, da perda de peso por cocção, da força de cisalhamento, bem como à determinação de umidade, proteínas, cinzas e lipídeos totais no músculo Longissimus dorsi. As dietas não influenciaram os parâmetros de pH (5,64), cor (L*23,13, a* 18,00, b*15,78), perdas de peso por cocção (34,43%), umidade (72,53%), proteína (24,08%), cinzas (1,09%) e lipídeos (2,99%). A força de cisalhamento diferiu entre as dietas, com a silagem do cultivar BRS 655 propiciando uma carne mais macia (2,10kgf/cm2). As silagens de sorgo utilizadas na confecção das dietas de cordeiros em confinamento não interferem nas características de qualidade da carne de ovinos sem padrão racial definido. Dietas contendo silagem de sorgo granífero BRS 655 proporcionaram uma carne mais macia.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the influence of diets containing silage of different sorghum cultivars on the physical and chemical characteristics in the meat of lambs. Thirty five animals of undefined breed with average age between 5 and 7 months and average body weight of 17. 7±3.7kg were used. The lambs were randomly assigned to five treatments (sorghum silage BRS 610, BRS 655, BRS 800, BRS 810 e Ponta Negra) with seven replicates. When they reach 26.24kg of weight, the animals were sent to be slaughtered. Proceeded to the analysis of pH, color, cooking losses, shear force, determination of humidity, protein, ash and total amount of lipids in the Longissimus dorsi. The diets did not influence the parameters of pH (5.64), color (L*23.13, a* 18.00, b*15.78), cooking losses (34.43%), humidity (72.53%), protein (24.08%), ash (1.09%) or lipids (2.99%). The shear force differed among the diets, with the silage of cultivar BRS 655 providing a tender meat (2.10kgf/cm2). The sorghum silages used in in the diets did not interfere in the meat quality characteristics of feedlot lambs. Diets containing sorghum grain silage BRS 655 provided a tender meat.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify the parasitologycal aspects of fish (Hoplias malabaricus), coming from São Bento city, Maranhão state. For this, 70 fish were used, verifying the parasitism indexes and coefficients. For the parasitological results nematodeos were identified, with zoonotical potential of the Contracaecum spp, Pseudoterranova spp, Eustrongylides spp; monogenetics Gyrodactirus spp, Dactylogirus spp and larva Acanthella of Acanthocephalo. Of the 70 (100%) fishes, 64 (91.4%) were sponged, with prevalence of 82.8% (58) for the nematodeo Contracaecum spp, 65.7% (46), Pseudoterranova spp, 7.1% (5), Eustrongylides spp, 71.4% (50), monogenetics and larva Acanthella of Acantocephalo, respectively. A maior amplitude de intensidade (1-30), coeficiente de variação foi verificado para o nematódeo Pseudoterranova spp., a intensidade média (7,3), índice de abundância (6,7), coeficiente de dominância (36,4) foi ao Contacaecum spp., todos os parasitos estavam no mesentério da cavidade abdominal, encistados em forma larval.The largest intensity width (1-30), variation coefficient was verified for the nematodeo Pseudoterranova spp, the medium intensity (7,3), abundance index (6,7), dominance coefficient (36,4) it went to the Contacaecum spp, all of the parasites were in the mesenterio of the abdominal cavity, encysted in larval form. The results show that fish from this region presented unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in parasitological aspect and can expose consumers to the risks of foodborne illnesses.

The authors pay homage to the three founders of the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research Profs. Lewis Joel Greene, Sérgio Henrique Ferreira and Eduardo Moacyr Krieger for their vision and commitment to divulge the scientific production of developing countries.

RESUMO O problema de Fluxo de Potência Ótimo (FPO) é um importante problema da área de engenharia elétrica investigado desde a década de 1960. O objetivo do problema de FPO é determinar um ponto de operação de um sistema de transmissão de energia elétrica que otimize um dado desempenho deste sistema e satisfaça suas restrições físicas e operacionais. O problema de Fluxo de Potência Ótimo Reativo (FPOR) é um caso particular do problema de FPO. O problema de FPOR pode ser modelado matematicamente como um problema de programação não-linear, não-convexo, com variáveis discretas e contínuas. Neste trabalho, propõe-se uma nova abordagem de resolução para o problema de FPOR. O método proposto consiste em tratar as variáveis discretas do problema por uma função penalidade diferenciável obtida pela decomposição da função onda triangular por série de Fourier. O método de pontos interiores implementado no solver IPOPT é utilizado para resolver a sequência de problemas contínuos e penalizados gerada. As soluções dos problemas contínuos e penalizados convergem para a solução do problema original.Testes numéricos com os sistema elétricos IEEE 14 e 30 barras são apresentados e demonstram o potencial do método.

ABSTRACT The Optimal Power Flow problem (OPF) is an important problem of electrical engineering investigated since the 60s. The aim of the OPF problem is to determine theoperation point of a electricity transmission system that optimizes a given performance of such system and that satisfies its physical and operating constraints. The Reactive Optimal Power Flow problem (ROPF) is a particular case of the OPF problem. The ROPF problem can be mathematically modeled as a nonconvex nonlinear programming problem with discrete and continuous variables. In this paper, a new approach is proposed for solving theROPF problem. The proposed method comprises treating the discrete variables of the problem by a differentiable penalty function obtained by the decomposition of the triangular wave function through its Fourier series. The interior point methods implemented in the solver IPOPT is used to solve a generated sequence of continuous and penalized problems. The solution of the continuous and penalized problems converge to a solution of the original problem. Numerical tests with the IEEE 14 and 30 bus electrical systems are presented demonstrated the potential of the method.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito antibacteriano e tripanocida in vitro do extrato hidroalcóolico das raízes de Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda (Commelinaceae), conhecida popularmente como veludo branco. Foi avaliada a atividade antibacteriana in vitro frente às bactérias Streptococcus mitis (CIM = 100 µg/mL; CMB = 150 µg/mL), Streptococcus mutans (CIM = 200 µg/mL; CMB = 220 µg/mL), Streptococcus sanguinis (CIM = 400 µg/mL; CMB = 425 µg/mL), Streptococcus sobrinus (CIM = 400 µg/mL; CMB = 420 µg/mL) e Bacteroides fragilis (CIM = 400 µg/mL; CMB = 430 µg/mL) pelo método de diluição em caldo. Os protozoários da família tripanossomatídeo causam doenças tropicais que costumam ser negligenciadas que costumam ser como a tripanossomíase, para a qual estão disponíveis poucos medicamentos. Neste contexto, o extrato hidroalcóolico das raízes de T. sillamontana também foi avaliado frente às formas tripomastigotas da cepa Y de Trypanosoma cruzi, com promissora atividade frente a este protozoário (IC50 = 2,4 µg/mL). Quando avaliada a atividade citotóxica frente a fibroblastos da linhagem LLCMK2, o extrato apresentou moderada citotoxicidade (CC50 = 480,37 µg/mL). Os resultados ora apresentados para o extrato hidroalcóolico das raízes de Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda demonstraram promissoras atividades antibacteriana e tripanocida, sendo uma fonte alternativa de produtos naturais com atividades contra T. cruzi e algumas bactérias do gênero Streptococcus e Bacteroides.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro, antibacterial and trypanocidal effect of the hydroalcoholic extract from the roots of Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda (Commelinaceae), commonly known as Veludo branco. The in vitro antibacterial activity against the standard bacteria Streptococcus mitis (MIC = 100µg/mL; MBC = 150 µg/mL), Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 200µg/mL; MBC = 220 µg/mL), Streptococcus sanguinis (MIC = 400µg/mL; MBC = 425 µg/mL), Streptococcus sobrinus (MIC = 400µg/mL; MBC = 420 µg/mL) andBacteroides fragilis (MIC = 400µg/mL; MBC = 430 µg/mL), using microdilution broth methods. Protozoans from the trypanosomatid family cause neglected tropical diseases such as trypanosomiasis, for which few drugs are available. In this context, the hydroalcoholic extract of the Tradescantia sillamontana roots was also investigated with regards to the in vitro effects against the trypomastigote forms of theY strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, showing strong activity against this parasite (IC50 = 2.4 µg/mL). When performing cytotoxic activity against fibroblasts LLCMK2 line, the extract showed moderate cytotoxicity (CC50 = 480.37 mg/mL). The results presented for the hydroalcoholic extract of the roots of Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda demonstrated effective antibacterial and trypanocidal activities and were shown to be an alternative source of natural products with activity against T. cruzi and some bacteria of the genus Streptococcus and Bacteroides.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial e as características fisiológicas do eucalipto submetido a diferentes manejos do capim-braquiária. O experimento foi realizado em ambiente protegido, no delineamento de blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial (5 x 2) + 1, sendo o primeiro fator correspondente aos tipos de manejo da planta daninha (ausência de controle, controle químico mantendo no solo a parte aérea do capim-braquiária, controle químico retirando a parte aérea do capim-braquiária, controle mecânico mantendo no solo a parte aérea do capim-braquiária e controle mecânico retirando a parte aérea do capim-braquiária) o segundo às espécies de capim-braquiária (Urochloa brizantha e Urochloa decumbens), além de uma testemunha referente ao eucalipto em monocultivo. O crescimento do eucalipto não foi alterado pela presença das espécies de capim-braquiária até os 50 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT). Todavia, o convívio dessas espécies com o eucalipto até os 107 DAT reduziu o diâmetro do coleto, a matéria seca total e a aérea foliar, mas não alterou as características relacionadas a fotossíntese e transpiração. O método de controle adotado com a remoção ou manutenção da parte aérea do capim-braquiária, independentemente da espécie, não alterou o crescimento inicial do eucalipto. Conclui-se que o convívio por 105 dias do eucalipto com Urochloa decumbens ou Urochloa brizantha reduz o crescimento do eucalipto. Contudo, os controles químico ou mecânico, associados ou não à retirada dos resíduos da capina do capim-braquiária, foram métodos eficientes para impedir a interferência dessas plantas daninhas.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial growth and the physiological characteristics of eucalypt submitted to different managements of signalgrass. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment, using a randomized blocks design with five repetitions. The treatments were arranged in a (5 x 2) + 1 factorial design, and the first factor corresponded to the types of weed management (no control; chemical control keeping the signalgrass shoot on the soil; chemical control with removal of the signalgrass shoot; mechanical control keeping the signalgrass shoot on the soil, and mechanical control with removal of the signalgrass shoot); the second factor corresponded to the two weeds species (U. brizantha and U. decumbens) and a control relative to the eucalypt in monoculture. The eucalypt growth was not affected by the presence of the Urochloa species until 50 days after treatments (DAT). However, the coexistence of these species with eucalypt for 107 DAT reduced the collar diameter, total dry matter, and the leaf area, but did not alter the characteristics related to photosynthesis and transpiration. The control method adopted, with removal or maintenance of the signalgrass shoot, regardless of species, did not change the initial eucalypt growth. It can be concluded that the coexistence of eucalypt with Urochloa decumbens or Urochloa brizantha for 105 days reduces the eucalypt growth. However, the use of chemical or mechanical control, with or without removal of signalgrass residue, were effective methods to prevent interference of these weeds.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da origem em diferentes densidades populacionais de Typha angustifolia nas características anatômicas e fisiológicas. As plantas foram coletadas de populações muito (acima de 50% da capacidade de colonização) e pouco adensadas (abaixo de 50% da capacidade de colonização), sendo cultivadas sob condições controladas em casa de vegetação. As plantas de ambas as populações foram cultivadas em bandejas de plástico contendo 4 L de solução nutritiva por 60 dias. Ao final desse período, foram avaliadas a taxa de crescimento relativo, razão de área foliar, taxa assimilatória líquida, razão raiz/parte aérea, anatomia foliar e radicular, atividade da catalase e peroxidase do ascorbato. As plantas das populações muito adensadas mostraram maiores taxas de crescimento e razão raiz/parte aérea. Populações pouco adensadas apresentaram maiores valores para o índice e densidade estomáticos foliares, bem como maior espessura do parênquima paliçádico. A espessura da epiderme e exoderme nas raízes, bem como a proporção de aerênquima das populações muito adensadas foram menores, sendo que essas plantas também apresentaram maiores valores para a proporção de cilindro vascular. Somente a atividade da catalase foi diferente entre as populações, apresentando maiores valores para as populações pouco adensadas. Portanto, plantas de Typha angustifolia apresentam diferenças em sua anatomia e fisiologia relacionadas a sua origem em condições de alto ou baixo adensamento populacional. As populações muito adensadas apresentam maior capacidade de crescimento, possivelmente relacionada a reduções nas barreiras apoplásticas podendo estar associadas à maior capacidade da absorção de nutrientes.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the population density of Typha angustifolia plants in the anatomical and physiological characteristics. Plants were collected from populations of high density (over 50% of colonization capacity) and low density (less than 50% of colonization capacity) and cultivated under controlled greenhouse conditions. Plants from both populations were grown in plastic trays containing 4 L of nutritive solution for 60 days. At the end of this period, the relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, net assimilatory rate, root/shoot ratio, leaf anatomy, root anatomy, and catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were evaluated. Plants from high density populations showed increased growth rate and root/shoot ratio. Low density populations showed higher values of stomatal index and density in leaves, as well as increased palisade parenchyma thickness. Root epidermis and exodermis thickness as well as the aerenchyma proportion of high density populations were reduced, these plants also showed increased vascular cylinder proportion. Only catalase activity was modified between the high and low density populations, showing increased values in low density populations. Therefore, different Typha angustifolia plants show differences in its anatomy and physiology related to its origins on high and low density conditions. High density population plants shows increased growth capacity related to lower apoplastic barriers in root and this may be related to increased nutrient uptake capacity.

The activation of competing intracellular pathways has been proposed to explain the reduced training adaptations after concurrent strength and endurance exercises (CE). The present study investigated the acute effects of CE, strength exercises (SE), and endurance exercises (EE) on phosphorylated/total ratios of selected AMPK and Akt/mTOR/p70S6K1 pathway proteins in rats. Six animals per exercise group were killed immediately (0 h) and 2 h after each exercise mode. In addition, 6 animals in a non-exercised condition (NE) were killed on the same day and under the same conditions. The levels of AMPK, phospho-Thr172AMPK (p-AMPK), Akt, phospho-Ser473Akt (p-Akt), p70S6K1, phospho-Thr389-p70S6K1(p-p70S6K1), mTOR, phospho-Ser2448mTOR (p-mTOR), and phospho-Thr1462-TSC2 (p-TSC2) expression were evaluated by immunoblotting in total plantaris muscle extracts. The only significant difference detected was an increase (i.e., 87%) in Akt phosphorylated/total ratio in the CE group 2 h after exercise compared to the NE group (P = 0.002). There were no changes in AMPK, TSC2, mTOR, or p70S6K1 ratios when the exercise modes were compared to the NE condition (P ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest that low-intensity and low-volume CE might not blunt the training-induced adaptations, since it did not activate competing intracellular pathways in an acute bout of strength and endurance exercises in rat skeletal muscle.

A produção de extratos vegetais da família Annonaceae é uma alternativa eficaz no controle do vetor da dengue, e sua aplicabilidade está relacionada à persistência do produto no ambiente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito residual do extrato de Annona coriacea (Mart., 1841) sobre a mortalidade de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762). Foram utilizados recipientes plásticos de 25 L, para distribuir as concentrações de 50 e 100 ppm do extrato, e DMSO (1%) e água foram usados como controle. Estes recipientes ficaram expostos na área externa do laboratório. Nos dias 1, 8, 15, 30 e 45 dias após o preparo, coletou-se uma amostra de 1,3 L de cada tratamento. Foram utilizadas oito réplicas com 25 larvas de A. aegypti para os dois tratamentos, e quatro réplicas para os controles. O registro da mortalidade das larvas foi feito diariamente e foi observada a mortalidade de pupas e adultos. O experimento foi conduzido aleatoriamente, no esquema fatorial 4 x 5. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). A concentração de 100 ppm do extrato de A. coriacea apresentou efeito residual de 100% de mortalidade de larvas durante o período de 15 dias, e não houve eficiência na mortalidade de pupas e adultos. Portanto, o efeito residual apresentado por A. coriacea sobre larvas de A. aegypti indica que o extrato desta planta pode ser utilizado em programas de controle da dengue.

The production of extracts of the Annonaceae family is considered an effective alternative for the control of the dengue vector, and its applicability is related to the persistence of the product in the environment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the residual effect of Annona coriacea (Mart., 1841) extract on the development of Aedes aegypti (Linneaus, 1762). Plastic containers with the capacity of 25 liters were used to distribute the concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm of the extract, and DMSO (1%) and water were used as a control. These containers were exposed in the outer area of the laboratory. On days 1, 8, 15, 30, 45 after treatment application, 1.3 liters of each treatment was collected as a sample. Eight replicates with 25 larvae were applied for the two treatments, and four replicates for the control group. Evaluation of the mortality of larvae was carried out daily and the mortality of pupae and adults was observed. The experiment was conducted randomly in a 4 X 5 factorial scheme. The data was submitted to analysis of variance by F test, and the means compared by Tukey Test (p < 0.05). The concentrations of 100 ppm of the extract of A. coriacea showed residual effects with 100% mortality of larvae during the period of 15 days, and was not effective on the death of pupae and adults. Therefore, the residual effect presented by A. coriacea on A. aegypti can be used in future management programs for controlling the vector of dengue.