A direct-doping method was tested to design new composite-glasses by incorporating lanthanum niobate nanocrystals (NC) in tellurite glasses. NC powder were grinding with glass powder before heating-quenching, with the main investigation approached of best parameters for NC suitable homogenization but limited dissolution. Thermal analysis signalizes that prior heat-treatment of NC promotes higher transparency and limits NC dissolution. These materials with visually detectable NC aggregates exhibited glass transition temperatures close to the starting glass. LaNbO4 phase was hardly detected by X-ray diffraction because of the low weight ratio and partial dissolution but the monoclinic polymorph could be identified for lower time. UV-visible-NIR transmission spectra also related progressive lower transparency with light scattering of NC aggregates. Photoluminescence suggest that lower times allowed to ensure the NC environment with lower crystallinity around Eu3+-ions in final composite-glass. These results pave the way for designing new materials containing NC not achievable by conventional nucleation-growth methods. directdoping direct doping compositeglasses composite glasses (NC heatingquenching, heatingquenching heating quenching, quenching heating-quenching heattreatment heat treatment LaNbO Xray X ray time UVvisibleNIR UV visible NIR Eu3+ions Eu3ions Euions Eu3+ ions Eu3 Eu compositeglass. compositeglass composite-glass nucleationgrowth nucleation growth methods

Resumo A produção do espaço visando à reprodução do capital intensificou no Brasil na última década, mediante a financeirização do setor imobiliário e a execução do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, que fomentou a produção de habitação para o segmento econômico pelo mercado. Considerando esse cenário, este texto apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre a produção de habitação multifamiliar em Curitiba entre 2010 e 2018. O estudo identificou os agentes e as características dos empreendimentos e seus efeitos no espaço urbano. Confirmou-se a expansão, numérica e territorial, da produção imobiliária de habitação, com forte participação das empresas de capital aberto e com diferentes estratégias de atuação conforme a conjuntura econômica. Essa produção reforçou a segmentação e a fragmentação do espaço na cidade.

Abstract Space production as a means of capital reproduction was intensified in Brazil over the last decade, through the financialization of the real estate sector and the execution of the Minha Casa Minha Vida housing program, which encouraged the production of affordable housing by market agents. Considering this scenario, the text presents the results of a research on the multifamily housing developments concluded in the city of Curitiba between 2010 and 2018. The study identifies the agents and characteristics of the projects and their effects on urban space. The expansion of residential real estate production, both numerical and territorial, was confirmed, with a strong presence of publicly traded companies and the employment of different strategic actions according to the then-current economic scenario. This production has reinforced the segmentation and fragmentation of the city space.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: Upper respiratory samples from 1077 HCWs were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from June 16, 2020 to December 9, 2020. RESULTS: Overall, 32.7% of HCWs were infected. The positivity rates in symptomatic and asymptomatic HCWs were 39.2% and 15.9%, respectively. Hospital departments categorized as high-risk for exposure had the highest number of infected HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and isolation of infected HCWs remain key in controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission because HCWs in close contact with COVID-19 patients are more likely to be infected than those who are not.

ABSTRACT Fragmentation is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss in tropical forests through consequences on their different components. Beta diversity patterns across fragments have been studied across multiple spatial scales, but comparisons with intact landscapes and in a variety of vegetation types are scarce. In order to address this issue of anthropogenic landscape disturbance, we tested two hypotheses relating to fragmentation and beta diversity: 1. Floristic homogenization at patch-level scale and 2. Floristic differentiation at landscape-level scale. The study was conducted in the Espinhaço Range biosphere reserve, Brazil. Three landscapes encompassing a broad range of vegetation types were sampled in 115 plots. Two landscapes were fragmented due to mining activities (Sabará and Brumadinho) and one is protected (Parque Estadual Serra do Rola-Moça). Results showed high overall beta diversity both between landscapes (conserved and fragmented) and vegetation types (forest, Brazilian savanna “campos rupestres”, ecotone and ironstone “canga”) with high turnover and species losses, even in highly disturbed vegetation types. The conserved landscape was most diverse in terms of richness. Thus, fragmentation effects differed from the expected with a main role of differentiation processes, and we argue that high beta diversity is not always a good predictor of ecosystem health.

Abstract Natural resources are depleted in fragmented landscapes that have their vegetation also altered. As a result, the microhabitat diversity and the composition and distribution of local species are affected. In this study, we evaluated the small mammals’ community diversity, composition and microhabitat selection in two Atlantic Forest fragments, in an ecotone area with the Pampa biome, southern Brazil. We recorded five rodents (Akodon montensis, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Sooretamys angouya, Juliomys pictipes and the exotic Rattus rattus) and one marsupial (Didelphis albiventris). Both fragments were dominated by the generalist rodent A. montensis. Akodon montensis and O. nigripes showed similar habitat preferences: ground covered by rocks and higher values of vegetation obstruction. Sooretamys angouya preferred places with higher abundance of trees. Fruit availability was important for A. montensis and D. albiventris, highlighting the importance of this food resource for local wildlife, and the potential role of these species as seed predators and dispersers. Small species richness, the presence of an exotic species and high dominance level suggest that the study area is highly degraded.

Resumo Este texto apresenta a trajetória do conceito de direito de propriedade no Brasil. Identificando as Ordenações Filipinas como a origem histórica das normas legais que regem os direitos de propriedade no país, é feito um reconhecimento das permanências e transformações do conceito ao longo do tempo. Por meio da análise dos principais documentos legais de alcance nacional, o texto acompanha o processo de transformação do conceito de propriedade, delimitando os momentos de inflexão. Com base nesse cenário, discute-se o futuro do conceito, considerando as condições em que ocorre a crescente urbanização do Brasil. Por fim, questiona-se a possibilidade de a trajetória analisada incorporar o uso como aspecto definidor das relações de propriedade.

Abstract This text presents the trajectory of the concept of property rights in Brazil. Identifying the Philippine Ordinances as the historical origin of the legal norms that govern property rights in Brazil, this paper recognizes the permanence and transformations of the concept over time. Through the analysis of key legal documents of a national scope, the text follows the transformation process of the concept of property, defining the moments of inflection. From within this scenario, the future of the concept is discussed, considering the conditions in which the growing urbanization in Brazil occurs. Lastly, it is questioned whether it is possible for the analyzed trajectory to incorporate use as a defining aspect of property relations.

ABSTRACT Larvae of many-plumed moths (Alucitidae), especially in the world-wide genus Alucita Linnaeus, 1758 are known as borers or gall-inducers on flowers, fruits and shoots of a few dicotyledonous families, including Bignoniaceae, Caprifoliaceae and Rubiaceae. However, there is no study available on the biology of the monotypic, Neotropical genus Prymnotomis Meyrick, 1931 except for its original description that was based on a single male, the holotype of Prymnotomis crypsicroca Meyrick, 1931 from Espirito Santo, Brazil. We describe here a second species for this genus, Prymnotomis cecidicola sp. nov. whose larvae induce galls on Cordiera elliptica (Cham.) Kuntze (Rubiaceae), a dioecious plant with dimorphic inflorescences found in the Brazilian Cerrado, Planaltina City, Federal District. Adults, larvae, pupae and galls are illustrated under light and scanning electron microscopy. Galls are green, spherical, unilocular and develop individually on C. elliptica flower buds. During development they look like fruits in shape and colour but are larger, do not have style scars when on female plants, and are induced also in male inflorescences. Pupation occurs outside the gall within a silk cocoon, presumably in the litter. A preliminary analysis of DNA barcode sequences including putative members of other alucitid lineages and Neotropical BINs (Barcode Index Number) supports Prymnotomis cecidicola sp. nov. as an independent phylogenetic unit, with 12 to 18% divergence. Its nearest-neighbour was the BIN cluster 5 (BOLD:AAA0842) that includes specimens from Costa Rica.

Resumo Compreender a escolha por parceiros amorosos é relevante no sentido de minimizar possíveis problemas decorrentes de relacionamentos conflituosos. Este estudo objetivou conhecer em que medida a preferência por atributos desejáveis de um parceiro ideal varia segundo o sexo e o local de residência das pessoas. Participaram do estudo 3.124 indivíduos residentes em capitais (n = 1.583) ou cidades do interior (n = 1.541) dos nove estados do Nordeste brasileiro, com idade média de 23,6 anos (dp = 6,72), sendo 63,6% do sexo feminino. Estes responderam a Escala de Atributos Desejáveis do Parceiro Ideal e perguntas demográficas. Os resultados (Manova) mostraram diferenças nos atributos desejáveis de um parceiro ideal segundo o sexo: os homens deram maior importância ao componente atlética, enquanto as mulheres pontuaram mais alto no componente realizada. Observou-se ainda efeito do lugar de residência, onde os homens residentes no interior apresentaram maior média no atributo tradicional, ao passo que as mulheres residindo nesta localidade deram mais importância ao atributo realizada. Concluiu-se que o lugar de residência e, sobretudo, o sexo foram importantes para explicar as variações na preferência por atributos de um parceiro ideal, na direção prevista na literatura.

Abstract Comprehending the choice of romantic partner is important in order to minimize possible problems stemming from conflictive loving relationships. This study aimed to identify to what extent the preference for desirable attributes in an ideal partner vary according to the respondent's gender and place of residence. A total of 3,124 people from capital cities (n = 1,583) or towns (n = 1,541) of the nine states of the Brazilian Northeast region participated in the study, with a mean age of 23.6 years (sd = 6.72) and 63.6% female. They answered the Desirable Attributes of the Ideal Partner Scale and demographic questions. Results (Manova) indicated differences in the desirable attributes in an ideal partner according to gender: the men gave greater importance to the athletic dimension, while the women scored higher in the accomplished dimension. An effect was also observed related to the place of residence, with the men living in towns presenting a higher mean score in the traditional dimension, whereas the women residing in this locality gave more importance to the athletic dimension. In conclusion, the place of residence and, above all, the gender were important in explaining the variations in preferences for attributes in an ideal partner, in agreement with the literature.

Resumen Comprender la selección de parejas sentimentales es importante para minimizar los problemas potenciales que surgen de las relaciones románticas en conflicto. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer en qué medida la preferencia por los atributos deseables de una pareja ideal varía según el sexo y el lugar de residencia de las personas. Participaron de la investigación 3.124 personas residiendo en la capital (n = 1.583) o ciudades del interior (n = 1.541) de los nueve estados del Noreste de Brasil, con una edad promedia de 23.6 años (de = 6.72), (63.6% mujeres). Éstos contestaron a la Escala de Atributos Deseables de una Pareja Ideal y cuestiones demográficas. Los resultados (Manova) indicaron diferencias en los atributos deseables de una pareja ideal según el sexo: los varones han dado mayor importancia al componente atlético, mientras que las mujeres puntuaron más alto en el componente realizada. También se ha observado efecto del lugar de residencia, en que los varones residentes en el interior dieron mayor importancia al atributo tradicional, mientras que las mujeres residiendo en esta localidad consideraron más importante el atributo atlético. Se concluyó que el lugar de residencia y, sobre todo, el sexo han sido importantes para explicar las variaciones en las preferencias por atributos de una pareja ideal, coherente con la literatura.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of restorative strategy (fiber post vs cast post and core), coronal height (0 mm vs 2 mm) and thickness (higher than 1 mm vs lower than 1 mm) on survival rate, fracture resistance and stress distribution. Material and Methods Seventy-two bovine teeth were cleaned and allocated in six groups (n = 12). Twenty-four teeth were sectioned at 13 mm length (no remaining coronal structure) and forty-eight were sectioned at 15 mm (2 mm remaining coronal structure). Half of the forty-eight had remaining coronal thickness lower than 1 mm and the other half had thickness higher than 1 mm. All root canals were prepared at 10 mm (luting length), fiber posts were cemented in thirty-six specimens and cast post and core in other thirty-six. All teeth were restored with metallic crowns. Specimens were submitted to 1.5 million cycles (100 N, 45°, 10 Hz at 2 mm below incisal edge) and evaluated at each 500,000 cycles to detect failures. Specimens that survived were submitted to load to fracture test. Bidimensional (Rhinoceros® 4.0) models were obteined survival data submitted to Kaplan-Meier (α=0.05) analysis and load to fracture values submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results Groups without remaining coronal structure showed survival rates lower than other groups (p=0.001). ANOVA showed higher values of load to fracture for groups with coronal thickness higher than 1 mm (p=0.0043). Finite element analysis showed better stress distribution in groups with remaining coronal structure and restored with fiber post. Conclusion Specimens without remaining coronal structure have lower survival rates. Specimens with remaining structure lower than 1 mm and without coronal structure support the same load to fracture value independently of the restorative strategy.

Abstract Introduction Inferential reasoning (IR) is a major component of intelligence, which comprises many different cognitive processes such as perception, memory, and logic. Many studies have proposed that socioeconomic status (SES) has a negligible association with IR, but more recent findings suggest that they may have a higher association when evaluating group instead of individual SES. Objective The aim of this study is to test the effects of both individual (students) and group (schools) socioeconomic status on IR, comparing different countries of Latin America. Method The sample was composed of 2 358 students aged 14 and 15 years from 52 different schools (44% public) of five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Peru). Participants took part in an inferential reasoning test and answered a socioeconomic questionnaire. Results SES student showed a small positive correlation with IR (r = .10, p < .001), while SES school had a more pronounced effect on IR (F [2, 1944] = 74.68, p < .001, ηp2 = .07), with higher IR at schools with higher SES. A significant difference of IR between countries (F [4, 1976] = 20.68, p < .001, ηp2 = .04), was also found with Peru showing the highest mean. Peru was the country with the higher percentage of private schools in the present study. A multilevel model was fitted using individual and group SES as predictors. Discussion and conclusion Our findings showed that group SES have a higher predictive value of IR when compared to individual SES. This result suggests that individuals with low SES can benefit from studying on higher SES schools. Future research and the importance of public policies are discussed.

Resumen Introducción El razonamiento inferencial (IR) es un componente importante de la inteligencia que comprende diversos procesos cognitivos, como la percepción, la memoria y la lógica. Muchos estudios han propuesto que el nivel socioeconómico (NSE) tiene una baja asociación con IR, pero hallazgos más recientes sugieren que el NSE del grupo puede tener mayor asociación que el NSE individual con el IR. Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio es investigar los efectos del nivel socioeconómico individual (estudiantes) y de grupo (escuelas) sobre el IR, haciéndose comparaciones entre diferentes países de América Latina. Método La muestra estuvo compuesta por 2 358 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 15 años, de 52 escuelas diferentes (44% públicas), de cinco países de América Latina (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia y Perú). Los participantes fueron evaluados con una prueba de razonamiento inferencial y un cuestionario socioeconómico. Resultados El NSE individual mostró una pequeña correlación positiva con IR (r = .10 p < .001), mientras que el NSE de grupo tuvo un efecto más pronunciado sobre IR (F [2, 1944] = 74.68, p < .001, ηp2 = .07) con mayor IR en las escuelas con mayor NSE. También se encontró una diferencia significativa de IR entre los países (F [4, 1976] = 20.68, p < .001, ηp2 = .04), con un promedio más alto para Perú, el país con mayor número de escuelas particulares en el presente estudio. Se ajustó un modelo multinivel utilizando las variables principales. Discusión y conclusión Nuestros resultados demostraron que el NSE de grupo tiene un mayor valor predictivo de IR en comparación con el SES individual. Este resultado sugiere que los individuos con un nivel socioeconómico bajo pueden beneficiarse de estudiar en escuelas con SES superiores. Se discuten las futuras investigaciones y la importancia de las políticas públicas.

ABSTRACT The Neotropical micromoth genus Leurocephala Davis & Mc Kay, 2011 (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) was originally described to include only the type species, L. schinusae Davis & Mc Kay, 2011, whose leaf miner larvae are associated with Anacardiaceae in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. An integrative analysis including morphology, life history and DNA barcode sequences revealed that specimens collected on Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) in the coastal valleys of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile belong to a second species of this formerly monotypic genus. Adults of Leurocephala chilensis Vargas & Moreira sp. nov. are herein described and illustrated in association with the immature stages and life history, and corresponding phylogenetic relationships are assessed based on DNA barcode sequences. This finding provides the first record of Leurocephala from west of the Andes Range, expanding remarkably its geographic range. It is suggested that the extent of diversity within Leurocephala is much greater and that variation in geographic factors and host plant use may have modeled it, an evolutionary hypothesis that should be assessed in further studies.

AbstractIn this paper, chrome (Cr) thin films were deposited and used as interlayer between SiC films and Ti-6Al-4V substrates. Films and interlayers were obtained by using HiPIMS (High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering) technique. Interlayers were growth for 5, 30, and 60 minutes. The films were analyzed with respect to morphology, stoichiometry, thickness, roughness, and adhesion. The results showed that the HiPIMS technique was efficient to produce dense thin films and that the adhesion increased with Cr thickness.

Inúmeros experimentos em ciências agrárias apresentam variáveis que podem dar origem a problemas de multicolinearidade. Em se tratando da aplicabilidade de modelos de regressão, o problema da multicolinearidade tem como principal consequência o inflacionamento dos erros padrão e, com isso, o valor da estatística t-student é reduzido de tal forma que interfere nos resultados inferenciais. Várias medidas são propostas, na literatura, para resolver o problema de multicolinearidade. Entretanto, o desempenho dessas medidas está sujeito ao grau de multicolinearidade que as variáveis poderão apresentar, bem como ao tamanho amostral. Frente a este problema, este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar alguns estimadores ridge, utilizando simulação Monte Carlo, bem como, apresentar a aplicação desses estimadores em um experimento, com dados reais, na área de entomologia. Mediante esta aplicação, os resultados expressivos alcançados foram obtidos em função da eficiência dos estimadores ridge avaliados, em relação ao estimador de mínimos quadrados. Em se tratando dos resultados computacionais, concluiu-se que estimadores ridge avaliados são recomendáveis, em experimentos que considerem as variáveis com diferentes graus de multicolinearidade, para amostras maiores do que n=50.

A large number of experiments in agronomic sciences use variables that may give rise to problems of multicollinearity. About the applicability of regression models, the problem of multicollinearity results mainly in increased standard error, thus, the Student's t-value is reduced, affecting the inferential results. Many actions are proposed in the literature to solve the problems of multicollinearity, however, the performance of these measurements are subject to the degree that multicollinearity of the variables may present, as well as the sample size. To address this problem, this paper aims to evaluate some ridge estimators using the Monte Carlo's simulation and demonstrate their application using real data from an entomological experiment. The ridge estimators evaluated were effective, in comparison with the least squares estimator. The results showed that the ridge estimators evaluated can be applied to experimenst that consider the variables with different degrees of multicollinearity, for samples greater than n=50.

O interesse pela discussão sobre instrumentos para gestão social da valorização da terra vem crescendo nas administrações municipais, que identificam na temática a possibilidade de encontrar caminhos alternativos para financiar o desenvolvimento urbano, especialmente num contexto de redução das tradicionais fontes de recursos. Incluído no Estatuto da Cidade (Lei Federal n. 10.257/01) como instrumento de política urbana, a Contribuição de Melhoria consiste em uma modalidade tributária que possibilita ao Poder Público recuperar a expressão financeira da valorização imobiliária decorrente da realização de obras públicas. A origem desse tributo remonta às Ordenações Filipinas, que autorizavam a cobrança de fintas, para obter recursos para reconstruir pontes e calçadas. As Ordenações Filipinas vigoraram em Portugal de 1603 a 1867, e constituíram a base da legislação no Brasil Colônia, sendo substituídas somente em 1916 pelos Códigos Civil e Penal da República. A Contribuição de Melhoria foi institucionalizada no Brasil como tributo pela Constituição de 1934, que passou a exigir sua cobrança em obras públicas que valorizassem imóveis adjacentes a elas. Legislações subsequentes à Constituição de 1934 (Constituição 1946, Código Tributário Nacional, 1966, Constituição 1988), modificaram o conceito inicial, sendo criado um tributo sui generis, especificamente brasileiro. A partir da apresentação da trajetória da institucionalização da Contribuição de Melhoria no Brasil, pretende-se reconhecer os conceitos originados das normas portuguesas, bem como de outras interferências internacionais, delineando-se, assim, as especificidades desse tributo no país.

The interest in discussion of tools for value capture grows in municipal administrations, which identify the possibility to find alternative to finance urban development, especially in the context of reducing of traditional funding sources. Included in the City Statute (Federal Law n. 10.257/01) as an instrument of urban policy, the Betterment Levy consists of a tax that allows the Government to recover the financial expression of the increase of land values resulted from public interventions. The origin of this tax goes back to the Philippines Ordinances, which authorized the fintas, to raise funds to rebuild bridges and sidewalks. Ordinations Philippines prevailed in Portugal from 1603 to 1867, and formed the basis of legislation in Brazil, only being replaced in 1916 by the Civil and Penal Codes of the Republic. The Betterment Levy was institutionalized in Brazil by the Constitution of 1934, which required its collection in public interventions. Laws after Constitution 1934, modified the initial concept, and created a tribute sui generis, specifically Brazilian. From the discussion of the institutionalization of Betterment Levy in Brazil, this paper aims to recognize the concepts originated from Portuguese laws, as well as other international interference, outlining the specificities of this tax in the country.

O Estado de Goiás apresenta grande número de espécies vegetais hospedeiras de moscas-das-frutas, cujos frutos amadurecem em diferentes estações do ano, proporcionando o aumento da densidade populacional da praga e sua ampla distribuição. Em todo o território goiano, são observadas moscas-das-frutas em alta ou baixa frequência, tanto em áreas rurais quanto urbanas. Além da mosca-do-mediterrâneo (Ceratitis capitata), são conhecidas, até o momento, 21 espécies de moscas do gênero Anastrepha, destacando-se as espécies A. obliqua, A. fraterculus, A. sororcula e A. zenildae, pela importância econômica, e A. grandis, pelo destaque como praga quarentenária. A espécie A. grandis foi registrada, até o momento, em 13 municípios goianos, porém, esta informação não inviabiliza os programas de exportação de frutos implantados no Estado, pois verificou-se que, nas unidades de produção, o índice MAD (moscas armadilha-1 dia-1) foi inferior a 0.1, mantendo-se dentro dos índices estabelecidos pela legislação, para a exportação de frutos de cucurbitáceas.

The Goiás State, in Brazil, presents a high number of host plant species for fruit flies, whose fruits ripen at different seasons, providing an increase in the pest population density and its wide distribution. Throughout the Goiás State, fruit flies occur in high or low frequency, both in rural and urban areas. Besides the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), 21 species of Anastrepha flies are currently known, mainly A. obliqua, A. fraterculus, A. sororcula and A. zenildae, due to their economic importance, and A. grandis, for being a quarantine pest. The A. grandis species has been recorded in 13 cities in the Goiás State, however, this information does not preclude the fruits export programs implemented in the State, because it was observed, in the production units, that the FTD index (flies trap-1 day-1) was lower than 0.1, in accordance with the rates established by the Brazilian legislation, for the export of cucurbit fruits.