ABSTRACT Some studies have shown that secondary infections during the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to the high mortality. Our objective was to identify the frequency, types and etiology of bacterial infections in patients with COVID-19 admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and to evaluate the results of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) and in-hospital mortality. It was a single-center study with a retrospective cohort of patients admitted consecutively to the ICU for more than 48 h between March and May 2020. Comparisons of groups with and without ICU- acquired infection were performed. A total of 191 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included and 57 patients had 97 secondary infectious events. The most frequent agents were Acinetobacter baumannii (28.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.4%); multi-drug resistance was present in 96% of A. baumannii and in 57% of K. pneumoniae. The most prevalent infection was ventilator-associated pneumonia in 57.9% of patients with bacterial infections, or 17.3% of all COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU, followed by tracheobronchitis (26.3%). Patients with secondary infections had a longer ICU stay (40.0 vs. 17 days; p < 0.001), as well as a longer duration of MV (24.0 vs 9.0 days; p= 0.003). There were 68 (35.6%) deaths overall, of which 27 (39.7%) patients had bacterial infections. Among the 123 survivors, 30 (24.4%) had a secondary infections (OR 2.041; 95% CI 1.080 - 3.859). A high incidence of secondary infections, mainly caused by gram-negative bacteria has been observed. Secondary infections were associated with longer ICU stay, MV use and higher mortality.

Abstract An extraordinary moment of agricultural modernization is currently underway due to innovations in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). In this process, management precepts are renewed, fostering significant gains in efficiency, productivity, and sustainable use of natural resources and the environment. The growing supply of ICTs and the extension of connectivity in rural areas, with their transforming roles in productive practices and economic relations, bring about questions regarding their impacts. These technologies include precision positioning systems and large volume databases, electronic sensors of site-specific production and environmental conditions, repositories of relational data, statistical and crop forecasting software, methodologies and processes; web-based information services, among others. The assessment of impacts focused on ICTs for agriculture needs innovative approaches, due to the peculiarities of their applications, the different scales of their socioenvironmental scopes and, at the same time, the verification of effectiveness of institutional investments on research, development, and innovation (RD&I). Based on these premises, the objectives of this work are to present a ‘module of impact indicators for Information and Communication Technologies (Ambitec-TICs)’, and assess its application to six typical technology adoption cases resulting from agricultural RD&I projects. The results detail critical analyses of the contributions of the proposed module for the registration, interpretation, and communication of impacts, with recommendations for technology transfer and accountability in institutional Social Balance documentation.

Abstract With the increasing of energy demand in Brazil and the unprecedent popular support for the use of energy sources with low environmental impact, the market for photovoltaic energy has become progressively relevant. Thus, it is of strategic importance to gather information of the solar resources either for a particular location or a specific region. This paper presents all the steps taken in order to design a solarimetric station intended to be used as part of the National Institute for Space Research's(INPE)Environmental Database System (SONDA)network, from the specification of the devices and sensors that will take part in it to the structural dimensioning necessary in order to accommodate them. This high-quality network mainly collects and stores surface solar radiation data, indispensable for the solar energy study and prospecting, therefore of great importance for the generation of energy of the State of Paraná– Brazil.

RESUMO A reciclagem da fração mineral dos resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD), na forma de agregados, é vista como uma alternativa para a redução dos impactos ambientais provocados pela construção civil. Os agregados reciclados apresentam maior absorção de água e menor resistência mecânica e densidade quando comparados aos agregados naturais, fatores esses que irão influenciar as propriedades dos concretos produzidos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência dos agregados reciclados nas propriedades reológicas e mecânicas de concretos autoadensáveis (CAA). Para isso, foram analisadas quatro composições distintas de CAA, sendo uma delas produzida apenas com agregados naturais. As demais misturas utilizaram agregados miúdos e/ou graúdos reciclados em substituição aos agregados naturais, no teor de 20%, em massa. Também foi realizada a caracterização reológica da pasta de cimento e das argamassas destinadas à produção do CAA, por meio de reometria rotacional. A caracterização reológica de pastas, argamassas e concretos é uma maneira de avaliar o comportamento destes compósitos no estado fresco, podendo prover informações úteis que auxiliarão no processo de dosagem e controle de qualidade. As propriedades do concreto fresco foram avaliadas mediante os ensaios de espalhamento, tempo de escoamento t500 e no funil V, habilidade passante e resistência à segregação. No estado endurecido foram determinadas as resistências à compressão, à tração por compressão diametral e módulo de elasticidade estático. Por meio dos resultados obtidos foi possível constatar perda de fluidez nas argamassas e concretos que empregaram agregados reciclados. Por outro lado, não foi verificada redução significativa nas propriedades mecânicas dos concretos produzidos com 20% de agregados graúdos ou miúdos reciclados.

ABSTRACT Recycling of mineral fraction of construction and demolition wastes (CDW), in form of aggregates, is seen as an alternative to reduce environmental impacts caused by construction. Recycled aggregates present higher water absorption and lower mechanical resistance and density when compared to natural ones, which will influence the properties of the produced concretes. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of recycled aggregates in the rheological and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC). For this, four distinct compositions of SCC were analyzed, one of them being produced only with natural aggregates. The other mixtures used fine and/or coarse recycled aggregates instead of natural aggregates, at 20% by mass. It was also carried out the rheological characterization of cement paste and mortars destined to SCC production, through rotational rheometry. The rheological characterization of pastes, mortars and concretes is a way to evaluate the behavior of these composites in fresh state, providing useful information that will aid in mix design process and quality control. The properties of fresh concrete were evaluated in terms of slump-flow test, t500 and V-funnel time, passing ability and segregation resistance. In hardened state, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and static modulus of elasticity of concretes were determined. Through the obtained results it was possible to verify the loss of fluidity in mortars and concretes that used recycled aggregates. On the other hand, there was no significant reduction in the mechanical properties of concretes produced with 20% of coarse or fine recycled aggregates.

RESUMO O concreto de alto desempenho (CAD) é um material que apresenta características específicas, como alta resistência à compressão e elevada durabilidade. Para que esse concreto atenda às suas características específicas, uma cuidadosa seleção e dosagem dos seus componentes devem ser realizadas. Desta forma, este trabalho buscou contribuir com o estudo de dosagem do CAD, utilizando o conceito de empacotamento de partículas, onde foi determinada a proporção ótima dos componentes particulados a partir do modelo de Alfred, também conhecido como modelo de Andreasen modificado. Realizada a dosagem do CAD, analisou-se a influência do empacotamento de partículas no seu desempenho mecânico e nas propriedades reológicas da pasta de cimento e argamassa constituintes do CAD. O CAD otimizado, com base no conceito de empacotamento de partículas, apresentou, aos 28 dias, resistência à compressão satisfatória, podendo ser classificado como um concreto de alta resistência, e superior à resistência à compressão do CAD de referência. Na caracterização reológica da pasta de cimento e argamassa, o emprego do empacotamento provocou um aumento da fluidez, facilitando o escoamento, sem prejudicar a estabilidade da mistura de concreto.

ABSTRACT High performance concrete (HPC) is a material that has specific characteristics, such as high compressive strength and high durability. In order for this concrete to meet its specific characteristics, a careful selection and dosage of its components must be carried out. Thus, this paper aims to contribute with HPC dosage study using the concept of particle packing, where the optimal proportion of particulate components was determined by Alfred model, also known as modified Andreasen model. Held the dosage of the HPC, was analyzed the influence of particle packing on its mechanical performance and on the rheological properties of the cement paste and mortar HPC constituents. The optimized HPC based on particle packing concept presented satisfactory compressive strength at 28 days, which can be classified as a high strength concrete, and superior compressive strength to the reference HPC. In the rheological characterization of cement paste and mortar, the use of packing concept caused an increase of the fluidity, facilitating the flow, without harming the stability of concrete mix.

ESTE TEXTO indica os traços principais da constituição do pensamento social sobre a Amazônia e como um conjunto relativamente restrito de idéias tem sido acionado para construir as representações passadas e presentes desse universo cultural.

THIS TEXT depicts the main features of the constitution of social thinking on the Amazon and how a relatively limited set of ideas has been called forth to establish past and present representations of this cultural universe.